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Understanding MOSFET Body Effect and Switching

The body effect in a MOSFET refers to how the threshold voltage is affected by the voltage applied to the body terminal. For NMOS transistors, connecting the body to the source increases the threshold voltage, making it turn on less efficiently. For PMOS transistors, connecting the body to the source decreases the threshold voltage, making it turn on more easily. Techniques like body biasing, forward/reverse body biasing, and doping profiles can control or minimize the body effect. MOSFETs are commonly used as electronic switches by controlling current flow between source and drain using the gate voltage in either enhancement or depletion mode.

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22 views7 pages

Understanding MOSFET Body Effect and Switching

The body effect in a MOSFET refers to how the threshold voltage is affected by the voltage applied to the body terminal. For NMOS transistors, connecting the body to the source increases the threshold voltage, making it turn on less efficiently. For PMOS transistors, connecting the body to the source decreases the threshold voltage, making it turn on more easily. Techniques like body biasing, forward/reverse body biasing, and doping profiles can control or minimize the body effect. MOSFETs are commonly used as electronic switches by controlling current flow between source and drain using the gate voltage in either enhancement or depletion mode.

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pranta4das
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MOSFET

Body effect
The "body effect" in a MOSFET refers to a phenomenon where the threshold voltage (Vth) of the MOSFET is
affected by the voltage applied to the body terminal of the device. This effect is also known as the
"subthreshold slope" or "threshold voltage roll-off."
• The threshold voltage (Vth) is the gate-source voltage at which the MOSFET starts conducting, allowing
current to flow between the drain and source terminals.
Here's how the body effect impacts MOSFET operation:
1. NMOS (n-channel MOSFET):
If the bulk (body) terminal of an NMOS transistor is connected to the source terminal , the threshold voltage is
increased (Vth becomes more positive).The body effect in NMOS transistors is usually detrimental since it
makes the MOSFET turn on less efficiently, requiring a higher gate-source voltage to reach the desired level of
conduction.

2. PMOS (p-channel MOSFET):


If the bulk (body) terminal of a PMOS transistor is connected to the source terminal, the threshold voltage is
decreased (Vth becomes more negative). The body effect in PMOS transistors can be advantageous because it
makes the MOSFET turn on more easily when the body voltage is lower than the gate voltage.
• To mitigate the body effect and improve the performance of MOSFETs, several techniques are used in
semiconductor fabrication and circuit design:
Body Biasing: By applying a specific voltage to the bulk terminal, the body effect can be controlled. This
technique is often used to optimize the performance of integrated circuits.
Forward Body Bias (FBB) and Reverse Body Bias (RBB): These techniques involve applying a bias voltage to the
bulk terminal to either increase or decrease the body effect, depending on the desired performance
characteristics.
Doping Profiles: Careful doping profiles in the substrate material can help minimize the body effect by
controlling the concentration of charge carriers in the substrate.
MOSFET as Switch
MOSFET is commonly used as an electronic switch in various applications. Its ability to control the flow of
current between its source and drain terminals by varying the voltage applied to its gate terminal makes it an
ideal choice for switching purposes.
1. Operating Modes:
Enhancement-Mode MOSFETL: In this mode, the MOSFET is normally off (non-conductive) until a voltage is
applied to the gate terminal, turning it on (making it conductive). The gate voltage (Vgs) is typically positive.
Depletion-Mode MOSFET: In this mode, the MOSFET is normally on (conductive) until a voltage is applied to
the gate terminal, turning it off (making it non-conductive). The gate voltage (Vgs) is typically negative.
2. Switching On and Off:
To turn an enhancement-mode MOSFET on, you apply a positive voltage to the gate relative to the source (Vgs
> Vth, where Vth is the threshold voltage).
To turn a depletion-mode MOSFET off, you apply a negative voltage to the gate relative to the source (Vgs <
Vth).
** MOSFETs can switch on and off very quickly, making them suitable for high-frequency applications.
CMOS (book + this slide)
Vin Q1 Q2 V out
5V off on 0V
0V on off V DD

In NMOS, positive gate voltage ,turns on


In PMOS negative/zero gate voltage turns on

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