Aws A5.17-A5.17m (1997 R2007)

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Aws A5.17-A5.17m (1997 R2007)

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American Welding Society ANSI/AWS A5.17/A5.17M-97 (R2007) An American National Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc WeldingKey Words — Carbon steel electrodes, submerged ANSV/AWS A5.17/A5.17M-97 (R2007) are flux crushed slag, welding ‘An American National Standard electrodes, filler metal specification, nil se, oid electrode composite Approved by the electrode ‘American National Standards Institute September 25, 1997 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Wel ‘Supersedes ANSVAWS AS.17-89 Prepared by the ‘American Welding Society (AWS) AS Committee on Filler Metals Under the Direction ofthe AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by the AWS Board of Directors Abstract This specification provides requirements for the classification of solid and composite carbon steel electrodes and fluxes for submerged are welding. Electrode classification is based on chemical composition of the electrode for solid electrodes, and chemical composition of the weld metal for composite electrodes. Flux classification is based on the mechanical properties of weld metal produced with the flux and an electrode classified herein. Other requirements include sizes, marking, manufacturing and packaging. The form and usability ofthe flux are also included. ‘This specification makes use of both U.S. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SD). Since these are not equivalent, each system must be used independently of the other American Welding Society 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126ANSUAWS AS.17/85.17M-97 (R2007) International Standard Book Number: 978-0-87171-530-2 ‘American Welding Society ‘550 N.W, Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126 © 1998 by American Welding Society All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Reaffirmed: April 20, 2007 Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission ofthe copyright Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the intemal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tl: (978) 750-8400; Internet: -. iiANSVAWS AS.17/A5.174-97 (2007) Statement on the Use of American Welding Society Standards Al standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules ofthe ‘American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS American National Standards are either incorporated in, or ‘made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govem= ‘mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute, In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of ‘those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the ull legal authority of the contractor other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties, AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote faimess in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards. AWS disclaims liability for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance fon this standard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein Inissuing and making this standard available, AWS is neither undertaking to ender professional or other services for or (on behalf of any person or entity, nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances, ‘This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that they have the latest edition, Publication of this standard does not authorize inftingement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and al liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of ‘any patent or product trade name resulting from the use ofthis standard, Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so. On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted on the AWS web page (www.aws.org) Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the appropriate technical committee. Such requests should be addressed to the American Welding Society, ‘Attention: Managing Director, Technical Services Division, $50 N.W. Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (see Annex B) ‘With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. ‘These opinions are offered solely as a convenience to users of this standard, and they do not constitute professional advice. Such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS AS Committee on Filler Metals. It must be reviewed every five years, and if not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn, Comments (recommendations, additions, or dele- tions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS AS Committee on Filler Metals and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee's response to the comments, Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS AS Committee on Filler Metals to express theie comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision conceming all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities ‘Committe. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL33126,ANSUAWS AS.17/A5.17M.97 (F2007) ‘This page is intentionally blank.ANSAWS AS.17/A5.176-97 (2007) Personnel (Reaffirmation) AWS AS Committee on Filler Metals and Allied Materials D.A. Fink, Chair S. Lee, Ist Vice Chair J H.D. Wehr, 2nd Vice Chair The Lincoln Electric Company CB&I Arcos Industries, LLC R. Gupta, Secretary American Welding Society J.-M. Blackburn Naval Sea Systems Comman R.Brown —_RSB Alloy Applications, LLC J.C. Bundy Hobart Brothers Company RJ.Christoffel Consultant D.D.Crockett_ The Lincoln Electric Company J.J.DeLoach, Ir. Naval Surface Warfare Center D.A.DelSignore — Consultane ESAB Welding and Cutting Products Consultant J.G. Feldstein The Lincoln Electric Company Foster Wheeler North America S.E.Femee _ESAB Welding and Cuuing Products G.L.Franke Naval Suface Warfare Center R.D.Fuchs Boller Thyssen Welding USA, Incorporated CE Fuetstenau — Lucas-Milhaupt Incorporated JA.Henning Nuclear Management Company RM.Henson J, W. Harris Company, Incorporated M.QJohnson Las Alamas National Laboratory S.D.Kiser Special Metals P.J.Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corporation D.I.-Kotecki The Lincoln Electric Company L. Kvidahl Northrop Grumman Ship Systems A.Y.Lau Canadian Welding Bureau A.S.Laurenson Consultant W.A.Martila DaimlerChrysler Corporation Menon Stoody Company M.T.Merlo Eason Welding Intute D.R Miller ABS Americas Materials Department B.Mosier Polymer Corporation ALK, Mukherjee Siemens Power Generation, Incorporated CL.Nall Consultant M.P.Parekh Consultant R.L-Peaslee Wall Colmonay Corporation S.D.Reynolds, Je. Consultant P.K Salvesen Det Norske Veritas (DNV) K.Sampath Consultant W.S.Severance SAB Welding and Cuting Products M.J.Sullivan _NASSCO—National See! & Shipbuilding R Sutherlin ATI Wah Chang RA. Swain Euroweld,Limized R.D.Thomas, Jr. RD. Thomas and Company K.P.Thomberry Care Medial, Incorporated L.T.Vemam _AleoTee Wire CorporationANSUAWS AS.17/AS.17m-97 (R2007) Advisors to the AS Committee on Filler Metal and Allied Material R.L. Bateman R.A. Daemen J.P. Hunt 'S.Imaoka, M.A. Quintana E.R Stevens. E. , Surian Electromanufacturas, S.A. Consultant Consultant Kobe Steel Limited The Lincoln Electric Company Stevens Welding Consulting National University of Lomas de Zamora AWS ASB Subcommittee on Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding D.D. Crockett, Chair ‘T. Melfi, Vice Chair R. Gupta, Secretary H, Beck HW. Bert S. Francis RD. Fuchs M.J. Ludwig M.T. Merlo D.W. Meyer D.R. Miller P.J. Nicklas D. M. Parker R.A, Swain The Lincoln Blectric Company The Lincoln Electric Company American Welding Society Harbert's Products, Incorporated Consultant Berg Steel Pipe Corporation Bohler Thyssen Welding USA, Incorporated Bath Iron Works Edison Welding Institute ESAB Welding and Cutting Products ABS Americas Materials Department ‘Sunset Metal Works Bechtel Plant Machinery, Incorporated Euroweld, Limited Advisors to the ASB Subcommittee on Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Are Welding S. Imaoka F. A. Rhoades R.D. Thomas, I. Kobe Steel Limited Hobart Brothers Company RD. Thomas and CompanyANSVAWS AS.17/A5.174-97 (#2007) Personnel (Original) AWS AS Committee on Filler Metals R.A. LaFave, Chaie J.P. Hunt, Ist Vice Chair D.A. Fink, 2nd Viee Chair HLM. Woodward, Secretary Elliott Company Consultant The Lincoln Electric Company ‘The American Welding Sociery *R.LBateman — Electromanufacturas S.A. R.S.Brown Carpenter Technology Corporation J.Caprarola, Jr. Consultant A.Chatterjee Caterpillar, Incorporated *L.J.Christensen Consultant R.J.Christoffel Consultant C.W.Cox Inco Alloys International, Incorporated D.D, Crockett The Lincoln Electric Company *R.A.Daemen Consultant D.A.DelSignore Consultant H.W. Ebert Exxon Research and Engineering Company J.G.Feldstein Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation S.E.Fenee ESAB Welding and Cutting Products L.Flasche Haynes International, Incorporated C.E,Fuerstenau Alloy Ring Service G. Hallstrom, Jt. Hallstrom Consultants J.A-Henning Westinghouse W.S.Howes NEMA R.B.Kadiyala —Techalloy Maryland, Incorporated P.I.Konkol Concurrent Technologies Corporation D.J.Kotecki The Lincoln Electric Company D.Y.Ku American Bureau of Shipping N.E.Larson Consultant A.S.Laurenson Consultant J.S.Lee Chicago Bridge and tron G.H.MacShane MAC Associates W.A.Marttila Crysler Corporation R.Menon —_Stoody Company M.T.Metlo Select-Are, Incorporated ALR Mettes —Ampco Metal, Incorporated M.D.Morin ABB Power Generation C.L.Null Department of the Navy I.Payne Sverdrup Technology, Incorporated R.L-Peaslee Wall Colmonoy Corporation E,W. Pickering, Jr. Consultant M.A.Quintana The Lincoln Electric Company “HLE.Reid Consultant *8.D. Reynolds, Jr. Consultant L.B.Roberts Canadian Welding Bureau P.K.Salvesen Det Norske Veritas *AdvinceANSIAWS AS.17IAS.t7M-97 (R007) AWS AS Committee on Filler Metals (Continued) JM. Sawhill, Je AP. Seidler W, S, Severance =W. A. Shopp M.S. Sierdzinski *R.G. Sim E.R Stevens *R_W. Steaiton RA. Swain R.D. Thomas, I. K.P. Thomberry *R. Timerman #8, Tsutsumi L.T. Venam G. Vytanovieh TLR. Warren HD. Wehr “FJ. Winsor K.G. Wold 1B.C.Wu Newport News Shipbuilding Armco Steel Company ESAB Welding and Custing Products Editorial Consultant ESAB Welding and Custing Products The Lincoln Electric Company (Australia) Fisher Controls, Incorporated Bechtel Corporation Euroweld, Limited R.D. Thomas and Company JW. Harris Co., Incorporated Conarco, SA. Kobe Stee! Limited—Welding Division AlcoTee Wire Company ‘Mobil Technology Company Ingalls Shipbuilding Arcos Alloys Consultant Siemens Power Corporation ‘Stoody Deloro Stellte, Incorporated AWS ASB Subcommittee on Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding D.D. Crockett, Chair HLM, Woodward, Secretary G.C. Bames, HA. Beck W.D. Doty H.W. Ebert D.Y.Ku G.A. Leclair MT, Merlo D.W. Meyer M.D. Morin D. M, Parker E. W. Pickering, Jr F.A. Rhoades L.F. Roberts RA. Swain *R.D. Thomas, J. *R. Timerman *S, Tsutsumi *W.L. Wileox. *Advinor ‘The Lincoln Electric Company The American Welding Society Consultant Harbert's Products Incorporated Doty and Associates Exson Research and Engineering Company ‘American Bureau of Shipping Consultane Select Are, Incorporated ESAB Welding and Cutting Products ABB Power Generation MAOMWestinghouse Consultant Hobart Brothers Company Canadian Welding Bureau Euroweld, Limited RD. Thomas and Company Conarco S.A, Kobe Steel Limited Welding Division ConsultaneANSUAWS AS.17/AS.17M-97 (R2007) Foreword This foreword is not prt of ANSUAWS AS.IT/AS.ITM-97 (R2007), Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding, buts included for informational purposes only ‘This is the fifth revision of the document originally issued in 1965. That document was issued jointly by the Ameri- ‘can Welding Society and the American Society for Testing and Materials. The practice of issuing filler metal specifica tions as joint AWS/ASTM documents was discontinued shortly after the original version of this specification was issued. The 1969 revision, published by AWS, was accepted by the American National Standards Institute as an ANS] standard. Subsequent revisions have become ANSV/AWS standards. ‘This document is the first ofthe AS.17 specifications which is a combined specification providing for classification utilizing a system based upon U.S. Customary Units or utilizing a system based upon the International System of Units (SI). The measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently ofthe other, with- ‘out combining values in any way. In selecting rational metric units, ANSVAWS A1.1, Metric Procedure Guide for the Welding Industry, is used where suitable. Tables and Figures make use of both U.S. Customary and $I Units, which, withthe application of the specified tolerances, provides for interchangeability of products in both U.S. Customary and SI Units. Paragraphs, Tables, and Figures which carry the suffix letter “U” are applicable only to those products classified to the system based upon U.S. Customary Units under the AS.17 specification. Those which carry the suffix letter “M" ae applicable only to those products classified to the system based upon the International System of Units (SI), under the AS.17M specification. ‘The only significant change in this reaffirmed specification is updating of thelist of “AWS Filler Metal Specifications ‘and Related Documents” atthe end of this document. An additional editorial change was the deletion of “of Figure $” from 9.1.2, second column, third line, between the words “specimen” and “or” as ths figure had been deleted from the AWS AS.I7/AS.17M-97 edition. Document Development AWS AS.I7-65T __Tentaive Specifications for Bare Mild Steel Electrades and Flutes for Submerged Are Welding ASTM A5S8-65T AWS AS.17-69 Specification for Bare Mild Steel Blectrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding ‘ANSI W3.17-1973 ANSVAWS AS.17-77 Specification for Bare Carbon Mild Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Are Welding ANSUAWS A5.17-80 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Are Welding ANSUAWS A5.17-89 Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding ‘Comments and suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be addressed to the Secre- tary, AWS AS Committee on Filler Metals, American Welding Society, $50 N'W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. ‘The welding terms used inthis specification shall be interpreted in accordance with the definitions given in the latest dition of ANSVAWS 3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions.ANSVAWS AS.17/A8.17M497 (R2007) ‘This page is intentionally blankANSUAWS AS.17/AS.174-97 (R2007) Table of Contents Personnel (Reaffirmation) Personnel (Original) Foreword .. List of Tables. ' List of Figures. ponent 1. Scope, Part A—General Requirements 2. Normative References. 3. Classification, 4. Acceptance. S. Certification. : 6. Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure Part B—Tests, Procedures, and Requirements 7. Summary of Tests... 8 Retest. 9. Weld Test Assemblies... 10. Chemical Analysis. AL. Radiographic Test... 12. Tension Test 13. Impact Test ' os 14. Diffusible Hydrogen Test. a : 3B Part C—Manufacture, Identification, and Packaging 4 15, Method of Manufacture. 4 16, Electrode Requirements. 14 17. Flux Requirements. 7 ‘Annex A (Informative) —Guide to AWS Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Are Welding. v ‘Annex B (Informative) —Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries... 29 AWS Filler Metal Specifications by Material and Welding Process AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents.ANSUAWS AS.17/88.17M97 (F2007) List of Tables Table 1 Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Electrodes 2 Chemical Composition Requirements for Composite Electrode Weld Metal 3. Tests Required for Classification 4 Base Metals for Test Assemblies SU A517 Tension Test Requirements 5M _AS.I7M Tension Test Requirements GU A5.17 impact Test Requirement 6M. AS.I7M Impact Test Requirements 7 Diffusible Hydrogen Requirements SU _AS.I7 Standard Electrode Sizes and Tolerances 8M _AS.17M Standard Electode Sizes and Tolerances. 9 Standard Dimensions and Weights ‘AL Comparison of Electrode Designations. List of Figures Figure Page No. IU AS.17 Classification System for U.S. Customary Unit 3 IM AS.L7M Classification System forthe Intemational System of Units (SI) 4 2. Weld Pad for Chemical Analysis of Weld Metal 1 3A Groove Weld Tet Assembly 8 3B Groove Weld Test Welding Parameters. 9 4 Radiographic Standards for Rounded Indications oaANSVAWS AS.17/A5.174-97 (F2007) Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding 1. Scope ‘This specification prescribes requirements for the classification of carbon steel electrodes (both solid and composite) and fluxes for submerged arc welding, This documents the fst ofthe AS.17 specifications which isa combined specification providing for classification uiliz- ing asystem based upon US. Customary Unis or utlizing a system based upon the Intemational System of Units (SI). The measurements are nt exact equivalents; therefore, each sys- {em must be used independently ofthe other, without combining values in any way. In selecting ational metic units, ANS AWS AL, Metric Practice Guide for the Welding Inst, isused where suitable. Tables and Figures make use ofboth US. Customary Units and SI Units which, with the appica- tion of the specified tolerances, provides for interchangeability of products in both U.S. Customary and SI Unit. (1) Paragraphs, tables and figures which carry the suffix letter“U" are applicable only to those products clas fied to the system based upon US. Customary Units under the A5.17 specific (2) Paragraphs, tables and figures which carry the suffix leter “Mare applicable only to those products classified to the system based upon the Intemational System of Units (SD, under the AS.17M specification (Paragraphs, tables and figures which donot have ether the suffix letter “U" or the sufix leter “MI” are applicable to those products classified under either the US. Custom- ary Units System or the International System of Units (SD, Part A General Requirements 2. Normative References 2.1,The following ANSVAWS standards! are referenced in the mandatory sections ofthis document 1. AWS standards are published by the American Welding Society, $50 N.W. Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126, (I) ANSVAWS ALLL, Metric Practice Guide for the Welding Indusey, (2) ANSUAWS A433, Standard Methods for Determi- rnation of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensi- lie, Bainitc, and Ferritie Steel Weld Metal Produced by Are Welding. G)ANSUAWS AS.O1, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines. (8) ANSUAWS AS.1, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Are Welding. (5) ANSVAWS B40, Standard Methods for Mechani- eal Testing of Welds. 22 The following ASTM standards? are referenced in the mandatory sections ofthis document: (1) ASTM A29/A29M, Specification for Sel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished. Q) ASTM A36/A36M, Specification for Carbon Structural See. G) ASTM A28S/A285M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low. and intermediate- Tensile Srengih (4) ASTM ASIS/ASISM, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service. (5) ASTM ASIGIASI6M, Specification for Pressure Fessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate- and Lower- Temperature Service. (6) ASTM DS-6, SAE HS-1086, Metals and Alloys inthe Unified Numbering System. (ASTM E29, Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications. (8) ASTM E142, Method for Controling Quality of Radiographic Testing. 2 ASTM standards ae published by the American Society for “Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho- hocken, PA 19428-2955, 1ANSUAWS AS.17/AS.17M97 (R2007) (9) ASTM E350, Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low Alloy Stel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron and Wrought Iron 23 The following 1SO standards? are referenced in the ‘mandatory section of this document. (I)1SO 864, Are Welding—Solid and Tubular Cored Wires which Deposit Carbon and Carbon-Manganese Stce!—Dimensions of Wires, Spools, Rims and Coils. 3. Classification 3.1U The welding electrodes and fluxes covered by the [AS.17 specification utilize a classification system based upon US. Customary Units and are classified according to the following: (1) The mechanical properties of the weld metal obtained with a combination ofa particular fix and a par ticular clasifcation of electrode as specified in Tables SU and 6U, (2) The condition of heat treatment in which those propeties are obtained, as specified in 9.4 (and shown in Figure 1), (3) The chemical composition of the electrode (for solid electrodes) as specified in Table 1, or the weld metal produced with a particular ux (for comp. clectodes) a specified in Table 2. 31M The welding electrodes and fluxes covered by the ‘AS.I7M. specification utilize a classification system ‘based upon the International System of Units (SI) and are classified according to the following: (1) The mechanical properties of the weld metal obtained with a combination of a particular flux and a particular classification of electrode, as specified in Tables ‘SM and 6M. (2) The condition of heat treatment in which those properties are obtained, as specified in 9.4 (and shown in Figure IM) (3) The chemical composition of the electrode (for solid electrodes) as specified in Table 1, or the weld ‘metal produced with a particular flux (for composite electrodes) as specified in Table 2. 32 Solid electrodes classified under one classification shall not be classified under any other classification in this specification, except that solid electrodes meeting the chemical composition requirements of both the ELS and EL12 classifications (Table 1) may be given both classifications. Composite electrodes may be classified under more than one classification when used with dif- 3,180 standards are published by the International Organiza tion for Standardization, 1, ae de Varembé, Case postale 56, (CH-12H Geneva 20, Switzerland, ferent fluxes. Fluxes may be classified under any number of classifications, for weld metal in either or both the as- welded and postweld heat-treated conditions, using different electrode classifications. Flux-electrode combina tions may be classified under AS.I7 with US, Customary Units, AS.17M using the Intemational Sys- tem of Units (SI), or both. Flux-clectrode combinations classified under both AS.17 and AS.I7M must meet all requirements for classification under each system. The classification systems are shown in Figures 1U and IM. 33 The electrodes and fluxes classified under this specification are intended for submerged arc welding, but that is not to prohibit their use with any other process for Which they are found suitable. 4, Acceptance Acceptance of the electrodes and fluxes shall be in accordance with the provisions of the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines (see Annex 3). 5. Certification By affixing the AWS specification and classification designations to the packaging or the classification to the product, the manufacturer certifies that the product meets the requirements of this specification (see Annex Ad). 6. Units of Measure and Rounding- Off Procedure 6.1 This specifieation makes use of both US. Customary Units and the International System of Units (SI). The ‘measurements are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other without combining in any way. The specification with the designation AS.17 uses US. Customary Units. The specifica tion with the designation AS.17M uses SI Units. The later are shown in appropriate columns inthe Tables or Figures or are shown within brackets {] when used inthe text, Figures in parentheses (), following the U.S. Cus- tomary Units, are calculated equivalent SI values for the specified dimensions. Figures in brackets [] following US. Customary Units used inthe text, are rational SI Units 6.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, an observed or calculated value shall ‘be rounded to the nearest 1000 psi for tensile and yield strength for AS.17 {to the nearest 10 MPa for tensile and 2ANSVAWS AS.17/AS.174-97 (2007) MANDATORY CLASSIFICATION DESIGNATORS* Indicates a submerged are welding flux. Indicates that the welding flux being classified is made solely from crushed slag or is a blend of crushed slag with unused (virgin) flux. Omission ofthe “S” indicates thatthe lux being classified is viegin flux. Indicates the minimum tensile strength (in increments of 10 000 psi) of weld metal deposited with the ux and some specific classification of electrode under the welding conditions specified in Figure 3. For example, when the designator is 7, the tensile requirement is 70 000 10 95 000 psi (see Table SU). Designates the condition of heat treatment in which the tests were conducted: “A” for as- welded and “P” for postweld heat trated, The time and temperature of the PWHT are specified in 9.4 Indicates @ temperature in °F at or above which the impact strength of the weld metal referred to above meets or exceeds 20 ft-lbf (See Table 6U). Classification ofthe electrode used in producing the weld metal referred to above. The letter “E” in the first position indicates electrode. The letter “C," when present in the second position, indicates thatthe electrode is a composite electrode (refer to Table 2 for classifications). Omission of the “C” indicates that the electrode is a solid electrode (refer to ‘Table | for classifications). PSXXX- EOXKX: H OPTIONAL SUPPLEMENTAL DESIGNATORS® {Optional supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator (see Table 7. * The combination of these designators constitutes the lux-electrode classification. These designators are optional and do not constitute a pat of the flux-electrode classification Examples F7A6-EMI2K is a complete designation for a flux-electrode combination. It refers to flux that will produce weld ‘metal which, in the as-welded condition, will have a tensile strength of 70 000 to 95 000 psi and Charpy V-notch impact strength of atleast 20 ft-Ibf at -60°F when produced with an EMI2K electrode under the conditions called for in this specification. The absence of an “S” in the second position indicates thatthe flux being classified is a virgin flux. FTP4-EC| is a complete designation fora fux-composite electrode combination when the trade name ofthe electrode used in the classification is indicated as well (see 17.4.1(3)] It refers toa virgin flux that will produce weld metal ‘with that electrode which, in the postweld heat treated condition, will have a tensile strength of 70 000 to 95 000 psi ‘and Charpy V-notch energy of atleast 20 f-Ibf at~40°F under the conditions called for in this specification Figure 1U—AS.17 Classification System for U.S. Customary Units 3ANSUAWS AS.17/AS.17M.97 (R2007) PSXXX- BORN: HX MANDATORY CLASSIFICATION DESIGNATORS* Indicates a submerged are welding flux. Indicates that the welding flux being classified is made solely from crushed slag or is a blend of crushed slag with unused (virgin) flux. Omission ofthe “S” indicates that the lux being classified is virgin flux. Indicates the minimum tensile strength [in increments of 10 megapascals (MPa)] of weld ‘metal deposited withthe flux and some specific classification of electrode under the welding conditions specified in Figure 3. For example, when this designator is 43, the tensile requirement is 430 to 560 MPa (sce Table SM). Designates the condition of heat treatment in which the tests were conducted: “A” for as- ‘welded and “P” for postweld heat treated, The time and temperature of the PWHT are specified in 94, Indicates a temperature in °C ator above which the impact strength of the weld metal referred to above meets or exceeds 27 J (See Table 6M). Classification ofthe electrode used in producing the weld metal referred to above, The letter “E” in the first position indicates electrode. The letter “C,” when present in the second position, indicates thatthe electrode is a composite electrode (refer to Table 2 for classifications). Omission of the “C” indicates that the electrode is a solid electrode (refer to ‘Table | for classifications). OPTIONAL SUPPLEMENTAL DESIGNATORS* { optional supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator (see Table 7) ion ofthese designators constitutes the flux-electrode classification, ators are optional and do not constitute a pat of the lux-electrode classification, Examples F43A2-EMI2K is a complete designation for @ flux-electrode combination. It refer to a flux that will produce weld ‘metal which, in the as-welded condition, will have a tensile strength of 430 to S60 MPa and Charpy V-notch impact, strength of at least 27 J at ~20°C when produced with an EM12K electrode under the conditions called for in this specification. The absence of an “S” in the second position indicates that the flux being classified isa virgin flux. F48P6-EC1 is a complete designation for a flux-composite electrode combination when the trade name of the electrode used in the classification i ‘metal with that electrode which, in the postweld heat treated condition, will have a tensile strength of 480 to 660 MPa ‘and Charpy V-notch energy of at least 27 J at -60°C under the conditions called for inthis specification. indicated as well [see 17.4.1(3)]. It refers to a virgin flux that will produce weld Figure 1M—AS.17M Classification System for the International System of Units (SI) 4ANSVAWS A5.17/A5.17M.97 (2007) Table 1 Chemical Composition Requirements for Solid Electrodes ‘wt percent Electrode UNS Classification Numbert c Ma Si s P cut wi ‘Low-Manganese Electrodes ELS Ko1008 ——«0.10——«025-060 007 0.030 0.030 038 = ELK K01009 == 0.10-—0.28-060 0410-025 0.030, 0.020 038 = ELIZ Ko1012 004-018 025-060 0.10, 0.030 0.030 03s = ‘Medium. Manganese Electrodes EMNIK Ko 007-015 100-150 065-085 0030 0.025 035 = eMI2 KOII2 006-015 080-125 0.10 0.030 0.030 035 — EMI2K KOII3 005-015 080-125 010-035 0030, 0.030 03s — EMI3K KOI3I3 006-0.16 090-140 038-075 0030, 0.030 03s = EMMK KOI3I4— 006-0.19 090-140 035-075 002s 0.025 035 003-017 EMISK KOISIS 010-020 080-125 0410-035 0030, 0.030 038, = High-Manganese Electrodes EHIOK KoI2I0 0701S 130-170 008-025 0025 0s 035 = EHIK KIO 006-015 140-185 080-118 0030 0.020 038 = EHIK KOI2I3 006-015 150-200 020-065 0025 0.025 038 = EMM KI385__0.10-020 170-220 0.10, 0.030 0.030 035 = EG. Not Specified "The lecade sal be analyzed forthe specific clement for which values ae shown in his ble the presence of ter elements nated nthe ours of tis work, the amour hoe elements shal be delenit ensure Ut tet tl (excluding on) does nol excl 050 percent Single values are maximum, « SADIASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloy. “The copper lini includes any copercoting tat may be pied tothe else, Table 2 n Requirements for Composite Electrode Weld Metal Chemical Composi wt, percent = Electrode uns Classification Number! © Ma Si s P cu ECI ‘wos04t on 180) 090) 0.035 0.035 035 ECG ‘Not Specified The weld meal sal We anand or epic clemens or wish vale ore shown nis ale he pesos of oe clenens nde, a theca of his werk, th ont fh cements sal dcermine enue tha he oa scaling won) ds mene 0 SO pre Sng vues re maxim ‘Arable forte weld pad in Fig 2, he supe for cena ansis may be ken fo he ede etn ofthe acted esion et Specimen (ee (2) or fom &coneaponding location or any lotion above nthe weld meta inthe oove weld in Fig Incase apt, evel pa sal Be te rece method + SAEASTM Unified Nantrng Sem fo Mets and Alloys 5ANSVAWS AS.17IAS.174-97 (R2007) yield strength for AS.17M)] and to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values for other quantities in accordance with the rounding-off method given in ASTM E29, Practice Jor Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine ‘Conformance with Specifications. Part B Tests, Procedures, and Requirements 7. Summary of Tests ‘The tests required for classification of solid electrodes, composite electrodes, and flux-electrode combi nations are specified in Table 3 1 Electrodes 7.1.1 Solid Electrodes. Chemical analysis of the electrode is the only test required for classification of a solid electrode under this specification. The chemical analysis, of the rod stock from which the electrode is made may also be used, provided the electrode manufacturing process does not alter the chemical composition 7.1.2 Composite Electrodes. Chemical analysis of ‘weld metal produced with the composite electrode and a particular flux isthe only test required for classification ‘of composite electrode under this specific 7.2 Fluxes. The tests specified in Table 3 determine the mechanical properties and soundness of the weld metal obtained with a particular flux-electrode combination, The base metal forthe test assemblies, the welding and testing procedures to be employed, and the results required are given in Sections 9 through 13, 1.3 Flux classification is based upon a 5/32 in. (4.0 mm) electrode size as standard. If this size electrode is not manufactured, the closest size shall be used for classification tests. See Noted of Figure 3B. 8. Retest Ifthe results of any test fail to meet the requirement, that test shall be repeated twice. The results of both re- tests shall meet the requirement. Material, specimens, or saimples for retest may be taken from the original test assembly or sample or from one or two new test assemblies ‘or samples. For chemical analysis, retest need be only for those specific elements that failed to meet the test requirement. Ifthe results of one or both retest fail to meet ‘the requirement, the material under test shall be considered as not meeting the requirements of this specification for that classification. {In the event that, during preparation or after completion of any test, it is clearly determined that prescribed or proper procedures were not followed in preparing the weld test assembly or test specimen(s) or in conducting the test, the test shall be considered invalid, without regard to whether the test was actually completed or Whether test results met, or failed to meet, the require- ‘ment. That test shall be repeated, following proper prescribed procedures. In this case, the requirement for doubting the number of test specimens does not apply. Table 3 Tests Required for Classification Chemical Analysis Ditusible Radiographic Tension Impact Hydrogen AWS Classification Electrode __WeldMel___Test, Test Test Test All Solid Electrodes Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required AllComposit Eletrodes Not Required Required NotRequired Not Required Not Required Not Required AL Flux-Solid Electrode NotRequired NotRequied Required Required Required* b Combinations AllFlux-Composite Electrode Not Required Not Required Required Required Required > Combinations * When the "2" pact designator (o impact equrement—Table6U and 6M) used, he Impact Test ino requied Date iropen est equved only when specified by the purchaser or when the manufac paste sible hyeogen designator on the abe! (se la Seon A} and AG inthe Ae). 69, Weld Test Assemblies 9.1 Requirements for Classification 9.1.1 Classification of Solid Electrodes. No weld test assembly is required for classification of solid electrodes. 9.1.2 Classification of Composite Electrodes. The chemical analysis of weld metal produced with the composite electrode and a particular flux is required for classification of a composite electrode under this specification, The weld test assembly, shown in Figure 2, is used to meet this requirement forthe classification of ‘composite electrodes. Figure 2 is the weld pad test assembly for chemical analysis of weld metal. Asan alternative to the weld pad, the sample for chemical analysis ‘of composite electrode weld metal may be taken from the ‘groove weld in Figure 3A. Note ¢ to Table 2 allows the 4 LavERS HIGH S PASSES! LavER Notes: 1. Wh and thickness ofthe base-metal pate may be any cin ANSUAWS AS.17/AS.174-97 (2007) sample for chemical analysis in the case of a composite electrode to be taken from the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen or from a corresponding location (or any location above it) in the weld metal in the groove weld in Figure 3A. In case of dispute, the weld pad shall be the referee method. 9.1.3 Classification of Flux-Electrode Combina- tions. One groove weld test assembly is required for cach classification of a flux-solid electrode combination or a flux-composite electrode combination, This is the ‘groove weld in Figure 3A for mechanical properties and soundness of weld metal. 9.2 Preparation. Preparation of each weld test assembly shall be as prescribed in 9.3 and 9.4, The base metal for the weld pad and groove weld assemblies shall be as required in Table 4 corresponding to the tests to be con- Jone eultable for the electrode ameter and current nu 2. Weld beads shal be deposited without csclation. The welding condiions shal be in accordance with the manulacturer’s recommendations ‘3, Tho rt and last 2. (60 mm ofthe weld length shall be dscarded. The top surface shal be removed, and chemical analyse samples shall be taken fom the underying metal ofthe fourh layer of he weld pad Figure 2—Weld Pad for Chemical Analysis of Weld Metal 7ANSUAWS AS A7IA8.17M-97 (R2007) |= 5° MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE DISTORTION |=. —_____ | ez pena POINT AT WHICH TEMPERATURE IS MEASURED The weo- FMAM IMPACT ‘ALL-WELD-METAL SPECIMENS TENSION SPECIMEN ap be (A) JOINT CONFIGURATION AND LOCATION OF TEST SPECIMENS. oo F ) LOCATION OF IMPACT (C) LOCATION OF ALL-WELD-METAL, TEST SPECIMENS ‘TENSION TEST SPECIMEN. Letter Dimensions a mm v Teng rin) 2 305 1 Thickness tae 25215. w ‘wth (io) 5 17 v Backup Thickness sine 13415 >. Specimen Conter aes1a2 95210 8 Backup With (in) 2 50 R Foot Opening teins 13415 z Discard (in) 1 2% Figure 3A—Groove Weld Test Assembly 8ANSUAWS A5.17IA5.17M-97 (R20O7) Welding Coneltions for Solid Electrodes *= Electrode Size! Electrode Extension? | Travel Speed welding | Are Curent | Volage ipm ]mmisec.| Curent | Preheat _|_Interpass in, | mm | cAmporeey! | (vote) in mm | (et) | 2055) | Type | Temperature | Temperature! ans | 16 | 25010950 | 26020 | 1209s | 101 | 12 | 50 vee [| 20 | a00t0400 | 261020 | i2was | rote | 1a | 55 se2_| 24 | s50t0450 | 271090 | verve | tom | a | 60 = [2s [ssowss0 | 271090 | arr | toe | 4 | 60 res_| 28 | a0010800 | 271090 | are | tom | 1 | 60 = [20 | aoots00 | erioa0 | i112 | asics | is | 68 | Ac. ve__| 32 | 42510525 | 27090 | 11-12 | ass | ts | 65 | 0G ether se2_| 40 | a7ss75 | 271s | 1112 | 2538 | 16 | 70 | polamy eo-a2sre | 275-a25¢F (is-t6s°q | (195-165°C) an6_| 48 | s25t0625 | 271090 | totam | asioss | 17 | 70 = [80 [ssowes0 | rts | torte | ass | 17 | 70 vee | 58 | s7st0675 | 2eiost |tiistors| seo | 18 | 75 = [60 | east0725 | zeios |ristorau| seas | 19 | 00 va | 64 | rootoaoo | zatose | 11202 | seioso | 2 | 85 ® Values spect in inches or pm apply to AS.17. Values specified in mm or mise apply to AS.17M. Those welding candtions are intended for machine or automate welding wih staight progression (no woaving), Woling shall be por formod in the fat poston. The ist layer shal be produoed in other 1 ot 2 passes. Al other layers shall be produced in 2 of 3 passes pet layer excep he ast, wich shale produced ino 4 passes. The completed weld shall a east lush wit he surace ofthe ost pate. « Welding condtions for compost electrodes shallbe as agreed betwean purchaser and supper. ‘Classification is based on the propertos of weld metal wih 532in. [4.0mm] elcttdes oF the closest size manulactured, i S32 in [4.0 mn] s not manufactured. The conditions gvan above for sizos oer than 592 in. (4.0 mm are tobe used when classification is based on those siz0s, or when they are required for lo accoptaneslesing under AS.0%, Filer Mota! Procurement Guidelines (unless ‘other conditions are specified bythe purchaser 4.8 mm, 5.6 mm, and 6.4 mm ate nl included as standard sizes in ISO 864:1988. * Lower cures may be used forthe fst ayer. Tho electrode extension isthe contact tube-to-work dstance. When an electrode manulactrer recommends a contact tubo-o-work stance outside the range shown, that commendation shal be flowed 2 4 in. (85 mm). incase of dispute, OCEP (crectcurrent-electrode postive) shall be used asthe releree current "The tat bead shal be produced wih the asserély at ary temperature betwoen 60 and 325°F [15 to 185°C}. Welding shall continue, bead by bead, untl a tomperature within the iterpass temperature range has been allained. Thereafter, production of subsequent beads may begin only when the assembly is wihin te interpass temperature range. The point f temperature measurement shall be at the mid length ofthe fest assembly, appresimately 1 I, [25 mm] fom the weld canterine. Figure 3B—Groove Weld ‘Test Welding Parameters 9AANSVAWS AS.17IAS.17-97 (R2007) Table 4 Base Metals for Test Assemblies Test Assembly ‘Type [ASTM Specification®| UNS Number ‘Weld Pad for Chemical Analysis Carbon Steel ‘A29 Grade 1015 Gi0150 ‘A29 Grade 1020, G10200 36 02600 A28S Grade A Ko1700 ‘AQ8S Grade B K02200, ‘A285 Grade C Ko2801 ‘A285 Grade D 02702 ASIS Grade 70 03101 ‘A516 Grade 70 Ko2700 Groove Weld of Figure 3 Carbon Steel A36 02600 A285 Grade A 01700 ‘DKS Grade B 02200 ‘ADK Grade C 02801 ‘A2BS Grade D 02702 ASIS Grade 70 Ko3101 ‘A516 Grade 70 K02700 5 Chemically equivalent sel maybe wed n cae of dispte, ASTM AO sal be used ashe eee sel "as clasfied in ASTM DS-55, SAE HS-i Metale and Alloys inthe Unified Numbering System, ducted and shall meet the requirements of the appropriate ASTM specification shown in Table 4, or an equivalent specification. Testing of the assemblies shall be as pre scribed in Sections 10 through 13. 9.3 Weld Pad. For composite electrodes only, a weld pad shall be prepared as specified in Figure 2, except when cither alternative in 9.1.2 is selected, Base metal of any convenient size, and of the type specified in Table 4, shall be used as the base metal for the weld pad. The surface of the base metal on which the filler metal is deposited shall be clean. The pad shall be welded in the flat position, three passes per layer, four layers high, using the flux for which classification of the composite electrode is intended. The preheat temperature shall not be less than 60°F [15°C] and the interpass temperature shall not exceed 325°F [165°C]. The slag shall be removed after each pass. The pad may be quenched in water between passes but shall be dry before the start of each pass. Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in Section 10, Chemical Analysis. 9.4 Groove Weld for Mechanical Properties and Soundness. For classification ofa flux- electrode combination, a test assembly shall be prepared and welded as specified in Figure 3A using base metal of the appropriate type specified in Table 4, Prior to welding, the assembly may be preset so that the welded joint will be sufficiently flat to facilitate removal of the test specimens. As an altemative, restraint or a combination of re~ straint and presetting may be used to keep the welded Jjint within 5 degrees of plane, A welded test assembly that is more than 5 degrees out of plane shall be discarded, Straightening of the test assembly is prohibited, Testing shall be as specified in Sections 10 through 13, withthe assembly in either the as-welded or the postweld heat-treated condition, according to the classification of the weld metal (See Figures 1U and 1M), ‘When the tests are to be conducted in each condition (as-welded and postweld heat treated), two such assemblies, or one single assembly of sufficient length to provide the specimens required for both conditions, shall be prepared. In the latter case, the single assembly shall be cut transverse to the weld into two pieces; one of the pieces shall be tested in the as-welded condition, and the ‘other piece shall be heat treated prior to testing. ‘Any test assembly to be heat treated shall be heat treated at 1150 + 25°F (620 + 15°C] for one hour (-0, +15 minutes). The furnace shall be at a temperature not higher than 600°F (315°C) when the test assembly is placed in it. The heating rate, from that point to the 1150 ++ 25°F [620 + 15°C] holding temperature, shall not exceed 40°F per hour [220°C per hour]. When the holding time has been completed, the assembly shall be allowed to cool in the furnace to a temperature below 600° [315°C] at a rate not exceeding 350° per hour (195°C per hour). The assembly may be removed from the fur= race at any temperature below 600°F [315°C] and al- Towed to cool in still ar, to room temperature, 9.5 Diffusible Hydrogen. In those cases in which an optional supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator is to be added to the flux-electrode classification designation, 10four diffusible hydrogen test assemblies shall be pre pared, welded, and tested as specified in Section 14, Dif fusible Hydrogen Test. 10. Chemical Analysis 10.1 For solid electrodes, a sample of the electrode shall be prepared for chemical analysis. The rod stock from which the electrode is made may also be used for chemical analysis, provided the electrode manufacturing process does not alter the chemical composition. Solid electrodes, when analyzed for elements that are present in a coating (copper flashing, for example), shall be analyzed without removing the coating. When the electrode is analyzed for elements other than those in the coating, the coating shall be removed ifits presence affects the results of the analysis for other elements. Rod stock may be analyzed prior to coating for those elements not added inthe coating, In this case, the analysis of the elements in the electrode coating must be made on the finished electrode, 10.2 Composite electrodes shall be analyzed in the form ‘of weld metal. The sample for analysis shall be taken from weld metal obtained with the electrode and the flux with which itis classified. The sample shall come from the weld pad in Figure 2, from the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen (see 12.1), or from a corresponding location (or any location above it in the weld metal in the groove weld in Figure 3. In case of dispute, the weld pad shall be the referee method. ‘The top surface of the pad described in 9.3 and shown in Figure 2 shall be removed and discarded, and a sample for analysis shall be obtained from the underlying metal of the fourth layer of the weld pad by any appropriate mechanical means. The sample shall be free of slag. ‘The alternatives to the weld pad outlined above and in 9.1.2 shall be prepared for analysis by any appropriate mechanical means. 10.3 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted analytical ‘methods. The referee method shall be the procedure in the latest edition of ASTM E350, Testing Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Stel, Sil» icon Electrical Stel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron 10.4 The results of the analysis shall meet the requirements of Table 1 or 2, as applicable, for the classification of electrode under test 11. Radiographic Test 11.1 The groove weld described in 9.4 and shown in Fig- ure 3A shall be radiographed to evaluate the soundness ANSVAWS AS.17/A5.176.97 (F2007) of the weld metal. In preparation for radiography, the backing shall be removed, and both surfaces of the weld shall be machined or ground smooth and flush with the original surfaces of the base metal. Both surfaces of the test assembly, in the area of the weld, shall be smooth enough to avoid difficulty in interpreting the radiograph. 11.2 The weld shall be radiographed in accordance with ASTM E142, Method for Controlling Quality of Radio- graphic Testing. The quality level of inspection shall be 221 113 The soundness of the weld metal meets the requirements of this specification ifthe radiograph shows the following (1)No cracks, no incomplete fusion, and no incom plete penetration (2) No slag inclusions longer than 5/16 in, [8 mm] or no groups of slag. inclusions inline that have an agare- gate length greater than 1 in. 25 mm] in a 12 in, [300 ram] length except when the distance between the sue cessive inclusions exceeds 6 times the length of the long- est inclusion in the group, and (3) No rounded indications in excess of those permite ted by the radiographic standards in Figure 4 In evaluating the radiograph, 1 in. [25 mm] ofthe weld ‘oneach end ofthe test assembly shall be disregarded. 11.3.1 A rounded indication is an indication (on the radiograph) whose length is no more than 3 times its ‘width. Rounded indications may be circular, oF irregular in shape, and they may have tails. The size of a rounded indication isthe largest dimension of the indication, in- ‘cluding any tal that may be present. 11.3.2 Indications whose largest dimension does not exceed 1/64 in. (0.4 mm] shall be disregarded. Test assemblies with indications larger than the large indications permitted in the radiographic standards do not meet the requirements of this specification. 12. Tension Test 12.1 One all-weld-metal standard round tensile specimen, as specified in the Tension Tests section of ANSV AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds, shall be machined from the groove weld described in 9.4 and shown in Figure 3A. The tensile specimen shall have a nominal diameter of 0.500 in, [12.5 mm] and a nominal gage length-to-diameter ratio of 4:1. 12.2 The specimen shall be tested in the manner de~ seribed in the tension test section of the latest edition of ANSVAWS B40, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. nANSUAWS AS.17/A8.17M-97 (R2007) . . (A) ASSORTED ROUNDED INDICATIONS ‘SIZE PERMITTED IS 1/64 in. 0.4 mm] TO 1/16 in. [1.6 mm] NUMBER PERMITTED IN ANY 6 in. (150 mm] OF WELD = 18, WITH THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS: LARGE: 9164 in. [1.2 mm} TO 1/16 in. [1.6 mm] = 9 PERMITTED. MEDIUM: 1/32 in. [0.8 mm) TO 3164 in. [1.2 mm] = PERMITTED. SMALL: 164 in, [04 mma} TO 1/82 in, (0.8 mm] = 10 PERMITTED, ° . . . . 0 (8) LARGE ROUNDED INDICATIONS ‘SIZE PERMITTED IS 9/64 in. [1.2 mm] TO 1/16 in [1.6 mm] NUMBER PERMITTED IN ANY 6 in [150 mm] OF WELD = 8 (C) MEDIUM ROUNDED INDICATIONS SIZE PERMITTED IS 1/82 in. 0.8 mm) TO 3/64 in. [1.2 mm] NUMBER PERMITTED IN ANY 6 in (150 mm] OF WELD = 15. (0) SMALL ROUNDED INDICATIONS. SIZE PERMITTED IS 164 in. 0.4 mm} TO 1/82 in, [0.8 NUMBER PERMITTED IN ANY 6 in. [150 mm] OF WELD = 30, Notes: , largest dimension ofthe indication (including ary tal) isthe size of the indication “The chart which s most representative of he size ofthe rounded indcations in he radiograph ofthe test assembly shall be used for lished for that filler metal. The manufacturer may do this by following the procedure given here. When the manufacture elects to use the “G” classification, the Commit- tee on Filler Metals recommends that the manufacturer still request that a classification be established for that filler metal, as long as the filler metal is of commercial significance, (2) A request to establish a new filler metal classification must be submitted in writing, and it needs to provide sufficient detail to permit the Committee on Filler Metals or the Subcommittee to determine whether a new classification or the modification of an existing classification is more appropriate, and whether either is necessary 10 satisfy the need. The request needs to state the variables and their limits, for such a classification or modification, ‘The request should contain some indication of the time by which completion of the new classification or modification is needed (3) The request should be sent to the Secretary of the Commitee on Filler Metals at AWS Headquarters. Upon receipt of the request, the Secretary will: (a) Assign an identifying number to the request ‘This number will include the date the request was received, (b)Confirm receipt of the request and give the identification number to the person who made the request. (6) Send a copy of the request to the Chair of the ‘Committee on Filler Metals and the particular Subcom= mittee involved (a) File the original request. (@)Add the request to the log of outstanding requests (4) All necessary action on each request will be completed as soon as possible. If more than 12 months lapse, the Secretary shall inform the requestor of the status of the request, with copies to the Chairs of the Committee and the Subcommittee. Requests still outstanding after 18 months shall be considered not to have been answered ina “timely manner” and the Secretary shall report these to the Chair of the Committee on Filler Metals, for action. (5) The Secretary shall include a copy of the log of all requests pending and those completed during the preced- ing year with the agenda for each Committee on Filler Metals meeting, Any other publication of requests that hhave been completed will be atthe option of the Ameri- ‘can Welding Society, as deemed appropriate. A2.3 Classification of Fluxes. Fluxes are classified on the basis of the mechanical properties of the weld metal they produce, with some certain classification of elee- trode, under the specific test conditions called for in Part B ofthis specification. A23.1U As examples of AS.17 U.S. Customary Unit classifications, consider the following: PTA2-EHIS FS6A0-EMI3K F7P6-EMIIK FIP4-EC] ‘The prefix “F” designates an unused (virgin) lux. The prefix “FS” designates a flux that is made solely from crushed slag or is a blend of crushed slag with virgin ‘lux, This is followed by a single digit representing the ‘minimum tensile strength required of the weld metal in 10 000 psi increments. When the letter “A” follows the strength designator, indicates that the weld metal was tested (and is classified) inthe as-welded condition. When the leter “P” follows the strength designator, it indicates that the weld ‘metal was tested (and is classified) after postweld heat 20treatment called for in the specification. The digit that follows the “A” or “P" willbe a number or the letter “Z.” This digit refers tothe impact strength ofthe weld meta. Specifically, it designates, on the Fahrenheit scale, atem- perature at (and above) which the weld metal meets, or exceeds, the required 20 f bf Charpy V-notch impact strength (except for the letter “Z,” which indicates that no impact requirement is specified—see Table 6U).* ‘These mechanical property designations are followed by the designation of the electrode used in classifying the flux (see Tables 1 and 2). The suffix (EHI4, EMI2K, ECI, etc) included after the hyphen refers tthe elec- twode classification with which the ux will deposit weld metal that meets the specified mechanical properties when tested as called for inthe specification, A23.1M As examples of AS.17M International Sys- tem of Units (SI) classifications, consider the following: F43A3-EMI3K FS43A0-EMIIK PA8PS-EHI2K, The prefix “F" designates a virgin flux. The prefix “FS” designates a flux that is made solely from crushed slag or isa blend of crushed slag with virgin flux. This is followed by two digits representing the minimum tensile strength required ofthe weld metal in 10 MPa increment ‘When the leter “A” or “P” follows the strength designator, it indicates, a it does in the AS.17 classification system, the weld metal was tested (and is classified) in either the asewelded (A) oF postweld heat-treated (P) condition. The digit that follows the “A” or “P” willbe a number oF the letter “Z." This digit refers to the impact strength ofthe weld metal Specifically, it designates, onthe Celsius scale, a tem perature at (and above) which the weld metal meets, or ‘exceeds, the required 27 J Charpy V-notch impact strength (except for the letter “Z," which indicates that no impact requirement is specified—see Table 6M). These mechanical property designations are followed by the designation ofthe electrode used in classifying the flux (see Tables 1 and 2). The sufix (EMI3K, EHI2K, tc.) included after the hyphen refers to the electrode classification with which the flux will deposit weld metal that meets the specific mechanical properties when tested as called for in the specification A2.3.2It should be noted that flux of any specific trade designation may have many classifications. The 4. Note that except for digit “4” the same designator for impact strength in Tables GU and 6M signify different temperatures. For example, "6" in Table 6U signifies a maximum test temperature of -60°F, whereas the same designator in Table 6M signifies. a maximum test temperature of -60°C, equivalent to -76°F. ANSVAWS A5.17/A5.17M.97 (72007) number is limited only by the number of different elec- ‘rode classifications and the condition of heat treatment {as-welded and postweld heat treated) with which the flux can meet the classification requirements. The flux marking lists a least one, and may list all, classifications to which the flux conforms. It should also be noted that the specific usability (or operating) characteristics of various fluxes of the same classification may differ in one respect or another. ‘A2.3.3 Solid electrodes having the same classification are interchangeable when used with a specific flux; composite electrodes may not be. jon System. An international system for designating welding filler metals is under development by the Intemational Institute of Welding (IIW) for use in future specifications to be is- ‘sued by the Intemational Standards Organization (ISO). ‘Table AI shows the proposed designations for ste! filler metals. In that system, the initial “S” designates a solid ‘wire or rod followed by a fourdigit number. Composite Wires are designated with an initia “7.” A3. Acceptance Acceptance of all welding materials classified under this specification is in accordance with the latest edition of ANSVAWS AS.01, as the specification states. Any testing a purchaser requires of the supplier, for material shipped in accordance with this specification, shall be clearly stated in the purchase order, in accordance with ANSV/AWS AS.01 Table At Comparison of Electrode Designations AWS Classification Proposed 150 No* ELS 1100 ELK su10 ELIZ 1000 EMIIK 2030 EMI2 2000 EMI2K s2010 EMI3K 2020 EMIK 2021 EMISK sm2i0 EHIOK. 33000 EHIK $3030 EH 2010 EH 4000 "Based on HW Doo. XU-1232.91 aANSVAWS AS.17/A5.174.97 (R007) In the absence of any such statement in the purchase ‘order, the supplier may ship the material with whatever testing is normally conducted on material of that class fication, as specified in Schedule F, Table 1, of ANSI/ AWS ASI. Testing in accordance with any other Schedule in that Table must be specifically required by the purchase order. In such cases, acceptance of the material shipped will be in accordance with those requirements. Ad. Certification ‘The act of placing the AWS specification and clasi cation designations on the packaging enclosing the product, ofthe classification on the product itself, constitutes the supplier’s (manufacturer's) certification thatthe product meets all ofthe requirements ofthat specification. The only testing requirement implicit in this certification i that the manufacturer has actually conducted the tests required by the specification on material that is representative of that being shipped and that the material ‘met the requirements ofthe specification. Representative ‘material, in this cas, is any production run of that classification using the same formulation, “Certification” is not to be construed to mean that tests of any kind were necessarily conducted on samples of the specific material shipped. Tests on such material ‘may or may not have been made. The basis forthe ceri- fication required by the specification isthe classification test of “representative material” cited above, and the “Manufacturer's Quality Assurance System” in ANSI AWS AS.OL AS. Ventilation During Welding /AS.1 The following are five major factors which govern the quantity of fumes to which welders and welding operators can be exposed during welding (1) Dimensions of the space in which welding is done (ith special regard tothe height of the ceiling) (2) Number of welders and welding operators working in that space (3) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust according othe material and processes involved (4) The proximity of the welders or welding operators to the fumes as they issue fom the welding zone, and to the gases and dusts inthe space in which the welders or ‘welding operators are working (5) The ventilation provided tothe space in which the ‘welding is done AS.2 American National Standard ANSVASC 749.1, Safewy in Welding, Cuting, and Allied Processes (published by the American Welding Society), discusses the ‘ventilation that is required during welding and should be referred to for details, Attention is particularly drawn to the section dealing with ventilation. A6. Welding Considerations AG. Types of Flux. Submerged are welding fluxes are tranulr, fusible mineral compounds of various propor- ons and quantities, manufactured by any of several di ferent methods. In addition, some fluxes may contain intimately mixed metallic ingredients to deoxidize the ‘weld pool. Any flux is likely to produce weld metal of somewhat different composition from that of the elec- tuode used with it due to chemical reactions inthe ae and sometimes fo the presence of metalic ingredients inthe flux. change in ar voltage during welding will change the quantity of flux interacting with a given quantity of electrode and may, therefore, change the composition of the weld metal. This later change provides a means of describing fluxes as “neutral,” “active,” or “alloy” AGLI Neutral Fluxes. Neutral fluxes are those which will not produce any significant change in the weld metal chemical analysis as a result of a large cchange inthe are voltage, and thus, the arc length. ‘The primary use for neutral fluxes is in multipass ‘welding, especially when the base metal exceeds 1 in [25 mm] in thickness. ‘Note the following considerations concerning neutral ‘fluxes: (1) Since neutral fluxes contain little or no deoxidiz~ es, they must rely on the electrode to provide deoxidation. Single-pass welds with insufficient deoxidation on heavily oxidized base metal may be prone to porosity, centerline eracking, or both. (2) While neutral fluxes do maintain the chemical composition of the weld metal even when the voltage is changed, itis not always true thatthe chemical composi- ‘of the weld metal is the same as the chemical composition of the electrode used. Some neutral fluxes decompose in the heat of the are and release oxygen, resulting in a lower carbon value in the weld metal than the carbon content of the electrode ‘itself: Some neutral fluxes contain manganese silicate which can decompose inthe heat ofthe are to add some manganese and silicon to the weld metal even though no metalic manganese or silicon was added to these particular fluxes. These ‘changes in the chemical composition of the weld metal are fairly consistent, even when there are large changes: in voltage. (3) Even when a neutral flux is used to maintain the weld metal chemical composition through a range of ‘welding voltages, weld properties such as strength level n‘and impact properties can change because of changes in other welding parameters such as depth of fusion, heat input, and number of passes. AG.1.2 Active Fluxes. Active fluxes are those which contain small amounts of manganese, silicon, or both. ‘These deoxidizers are added to the flux to provide im- proved resistance to porosity and weld cracking caused by contaminants on or in the base metal, ‘The primary use for active fluxes is to make single- pass welds, especially on oxidized base metal. Note the following considerations concerning active fluxes: (1) Since active fluxes do contain some deoxidizers the manganese, silicon, or both, in the weld metal wi vvary with changes in are voltage. An increase in manga nese or silicon increases the strength and hardness ofthe ‘weld metal in multipass welds but may lower the impact properties. For this reason, the voltage may need to be ‘more tightly controlled for multipass welding with active ‘luxes than when using neutral fluxes. (2)Some fluxes are more active than others. This ‘means they offer more resistance to porosity due to base- ‘metal surface oxides in single-pass welds than a flux whichis less active, but may pose more problems in multipass welding. AG.1.3 Alloy Fluxes. Alloy fluxes are those which cean be used with a carbon steel electrode to make alloy weld metal. The alloys for the weld metal are added as ingredients in the flux. ‘The primary use for alloy fluxes is to weld low-alloy steels and for handfacing. As such, they are outside ofthe scope of this specification. See the latest edition of ANSI/AWS A5.23/A5.23M, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding, for a more complete discussion of alloy fluxes. .A6.1.4 Wall Neutrality Number. The Wall Neutral- ity Number (N) is a convenient relative measure of flux neutrality. The Wall Neutrality Number addresses fluxes and electrodes for welding carbon steel with regard tothe weld metal manganese and silicon content. It does not address alloy fluxes. For a flux-electrode combination to be considered neutral, it should have a N of 35 or les. ‘The lower the number, the more neutral isthe flux. Determination of the Wall Neutrality Number can be done in accordance with the following: (1)A. weld pad of the type shown in Figure 2 is welded withthe flux-electrode combination being tested, ‘The welding parameters shall be as specified in Figure 3B for the weld test plate for the diameter electrode being used. 2)A second weld pad is welded using the same parameters, except that the arc voltage is increased by 8 volts. ANSUAWS AS.17/AS.17M-97 (R2007) (3) The top surface of each of the weld pads is ground for machined smooth to clean metal. Samples sufficient for analysis are removed by machining. Weld metal is analyzed only from the top (fourth) layer of the weld pad. The samples are analyzed separately for silicon and ‘manganese (4) The Wall Neutrality Number depends on the change in silicon, regardless of whether it increases or decreases, and on the change in manganese, regardless of whether it increases or decreases. The Wall Neutrality ‘Number isthe absolute value (ignoring positive or nega- tive signs) and is calculated as follows: 00 (|A%Sil + |A%Mn) where A% Si is the difference in silicon content of the two pads, and A% Man is the corresponding difference in ‘manganese content. AG.L5 Crushed Slags. Slag formed during the welding process that is subsequently crushed for use as welding flux is defined as crushed slag. This i different from a recycled flux which was never fused into a slag and can often be collected from a clean surface and re- used without crushing. Crushed slag and blends of crushed slag with unused (virgin) flux may be classified as a welding flux under this specification, but shall not bbe considered to be the same as virgin flux Although it is possible to crush and reuse submerged are slag as a welding flux, the crushed slag, regardless of any addition of virgin flux to it, is @ new and chemically different flux. This is because the slag formed during submerged arc welding does not have the same chemical ‘composition or welding characteristics as the virgin flux Its composition is affected by the composition of the original flux, chemical reactions which occur due to the welding arc, the base metal and electrode compositions, and the welding parameters. Blends of crushed slag with the original brand of virgin flux from which it was generated cannot be assumed to conform to the classification of either component, even when both the crushed slag and virgin lux conform to the same classification (except for the “S” designator) It shall be the responsibility of the crusher or fabricator partner, who performs the blending, to verify that any intended blend of crushed slag with the original brand of virgin flux is in full conformance with the classification requirements of this specification, ‘As with any flux product, the manufacturer (crusher) shall follow a detailed processing procedure with controlled input material, preparation, crushing, and blending, which will ensure that a standard quality of output welding flux product is attained that meets the require- ‘ment for the classification designator. 2BANSUAWS AS.17/AS.174.97 (R007) A6.1.6 Closed-Loop, Crushed Slags. Slag generated by a fabricator fom a specific brand of flux under controlled welding conditions and crushed for subsequent reuse by the same fabricator is defined as closed-loop, crushed slag. Closed-loop, crushed slags, or blends of closed-loop, ‘rushed slag with the original brand of virgin flux ensure better control of input material by virtue of the inherent parinering ofthe fabricator withthe erushe. In some in- stances, these partners may be one and the same. If blending of slag with virgin flux is done, changes in the original brand of virgin flux or in the blending rato can affect the quality ofthe final product. 6.2 Choice of Electrodes. In choosing an electrode classification for submerged are welding of carbon steel, ‘the most important considerations are the manganese and silicon contents in the electrode, the effect of the flux on recovery of manganese and silicon in the weld metal, whether the weld is to be single pass or multipass, and the mechanical properties expected of the weld metal. A certain minimum weld-metal manganese content is necessary to avoid centerline cracking, This minimum depends upon restraint of the joint and upon the weld- ‘metal composition. In the event that centerline cracking is encountered, especially with a low-manganese elec ‘rode (see Table 1) and neutral flux, a change to a higher ‘manganese electrode, a change to a more active flux, or both, may eliminate the problem. Certain fluxes, generally considered to be neutral, tend to remove carbon and manganese toa limited extent and to replace these elements with silicon. With such fluxes, a silicon-killed electrode is often not necessary though it may be used. Other fluxes add no silicon and ‘may therefore require the use ofa silicon-killed electrode for proper wetting and freedom from porosity. The flux. ‘manufacturer should be consulted for electrode recom- ‘mendations suitable for a given flux. In welding single-pass fillet welds, especially on scaly ‘base metal, it is important that the flux, electrode, or both, provide sufficient deoxidation to avoid unaccept- able porosity. Silicon is a more powerful deoxidizer than ‘manganese. In such applications, use of a silicon-killed electrode or of an active flux, or both, may be essential Again, manufacturer's recommendations should be consulted The EMI4K electrodes are alloyed with small amounts of titanium, although they are considered as carbon steel electrodes. The titanium functions to improve strength and notch toughness under certain conditions of | high-heat input welding or PWHT. The manufacturer's, recommendations should be consulted. Electrodes of the EHI2K classification are high Mn clectrodes with the Mn and Si balanced to enhance impact properties on applications that require high deposi tion rates or multiple are procedures, or both, in both the as-welded and postweld heat-treated conditions. Composite electrodes are generally designed for a specific flux. The flux identification is required (see 16.7.1) to be marked on the electrode package. Before using a composite electrode with a lux not indicated on the electrode package markings, the electrode producer should be contacted for recommendations. A composite electrode might be chosen for higher melting rate and lower depth of fusion at a given current level than would bbe obtained under the same conditions with a solid electrode, AG3 Mechanical Properties of Submerged Arc ‘Welds. Tables SU and 6U (for the U.S. Customary Units classification system) and Tables SM and 6M (for the Inter= national System of Units classification system) of this specification list the mechanical properties required of weld metal from flux-electrode classifications (the electrodes are classified in Tables 1 and 2). The mechanical properties are determined from specimens prepared according to the procedure called for in the specification ‘That procedure minimizes dilution from the base metal and thereby more accurately reflects the properties of the un- diluted weld metal from each flux-electrode combination mn use, the electrodes and fluxes are handled separately, and either of them may be changed without changing the other. For this reason, a classification system with standardized test methods is necessary to relate the electrodes and fluxes to the properties of their weld ‘metal. Chemical reactions between the molten portion of the electrode and the flux, and dilution by the base metal all affect the composition of the weld metal Submerged arc welds are not always made with the ‘multipass procedure required in the specification. They frequently are made in a single pass, at least within certain limits on the thickness of the base metal. When a high level of notch toughness is required, multipass ‘welds may be necessary. ‘The specific mechanical properties of a weld are a function of its chemical composition, cooling rate, and postweld heat treatment. High-amperage, single-pass ‘welds have greater depth of fusion and hence, greater dilution by the base metal than lower current, multipass ‘welds. Moreover, large, single-pass welds solidify and coo! more slowly than the smaller weld beads of a multi- ‘pass weld. Furthermore, the succeeding passes of a mul- ass weld subject the weld metal of previous passes to a variety of temperature and cooling cycles that alter the metallurgical structure of different portions of those ‘beads. For this reason, the properties of a single-pass ‘weld may be somewhat different from those of a multi pass weld made wit the same electrode and flux. ‘The weld metal properties in this specification are determined either in the as-welded condition or after a 24postweld heat treatment (one hour at 1150°F [620°C)), or ‘both, Most of the weld metals are suitable for service in cither condition, but the specification cannot cover all of| the conditions that such weld metals may encounter in fabrication and service. For this reason, the classifications in this specification require that the weld metals be ‘produced and tested under certain specific conditions. Procedures employed in practice may require voltage, amperage, type of current, and travel speeds that are con- erably different from those required in this specification. In addition, differences encountered in electrode size, electrode composition, electrode extension, joint configuration, preheat temperature, interpass tempera ture, and postweld heat treatment can have a significant effect on the properties ofthe joint. Within a given electrode classification, the electrode composition can vary sufficiently to produce variations in the mechanical properties of the weld deposit in both the as-welded and postweld heat-treated conditions. Postweld heat-treatment times in excess ofthe | hour used for classification purposes in this specification (conventionally, 20 to 30 hours for very thick sections) ‘may have a major influence on the strength and toughness of the weld metal. Both can be substantially reduced. The user needs to be aware ofthis and of the fact thatthe mechanical properties of carbon steel weld metal produced with other procedures may differ from the properties required by Tables SU and 6U or Tables SM and 6M of this specification, as applicable. AG.4 Diffusible Hydrogen. The submerged are welding process can be used to provide low-hydrogen weld de- posits when care is taken to maintain the flux and elec twode in a dry condition. In submerged are welding with carbon steel electrodes and fluxes classified inthis specification, weld metal or heat-affected zone cracking ass0- ciated with diffusible hydrogen tends to become more of a problem with inereasing weld-metal strength, increasing heat-affected zone hardness, increasing. diffusible hydrogen content, decreasing preheat and interpass temperature, and decreasing time at or above the interpass temperature during and after welding. The detection of hydrogen cracking may be delayed for several hours after cooling due to the time required for the crack to grow to a size which can be detected by routine inspeo- tion methods. It may appear as transverse weld cracks, longitudinal centerline cracks (especially in root beads), and toe or underbead cracks inthe heat-affected zone. Since the available diffusible hydrogen level strongly influences the tendency towards hydrogen-induced cracking, it may be desirable to measure the diffusible hydrogen content resulting from a particular flux-electrode combination. Accordingly, the use of optional supplemental designators for diffusible hydrogen is introduced to indicate the maximum average value ob- ANSUAWS AS.17/AS.174-97 (R2007) tained under a clearly defined test condition in ANSVAWS A43, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bai- nitic, and Ferritic Stee! Weld Metal Produced by Are Welding. ‘The user of this information is cautioned that actual fabrication conditions may result in different diffusible hydrogen values from those indicated by the designator. The use of a reference atmospheric condition during welding is necessitated because the are always is imper- fectly shielded. Moisture from the air, distinct from that in the electrode or flux, can enter the arc and subsequently the weld pool, contributing to the resulting observed diffusible hydrogen. This effect can be minimized by maintaining a suitable depth of flux cover (normally 1 to 1-1/2 in, (25 to 38 mm)) in front of the electrode during welding. ‘Nevertheless, some air will mix with the flux cover and add its moisture to the other sources of diffusible hydrogen. It is possible for this extra diffusible hydrogen to sig- nificantly affect the outcome of a diffusible hydrogen test, For this reason, itis appropriate to specify a reference atmospheric condition. The reference atmospheric condition of 10 grains of moisture per Ib [1.5 grams of moisture per kilogram] of dry air is equivalent to 10 percent relative humidity at 68°F [20°C], AT. General Safety Considerations AT Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag, and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting, and allied processes. These can cause burns if precautionary measures are not used. Workers should wear protective clothing made of fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open pockets, or other places on clothing that can catch and re- tain molten metal or sparks should not be worn. Hgh-top shoes or leather leggings and fire-resistant gloves should be wor. Pant legs should be worn over the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide protection for the face, neck, and ears, and a head covering to protect the head should be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection should be used. ‘When welding overhead or in confined spaces, ear plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear canal should be worn in combination with goggles or equiva- Tent to give added eye protection. Clothing should be kept free of grease and oil. Combustible materials should not be carried in pockets. If any combustible substance hs been spilled on clothing, a change to clean, fire-resistant clothing should be made before working with open ares or flame. Aprons, cape-sleeves, leggings, and shoul- der covers with bibs designed for welding service should 25ANSUAWS AS.17/A5.17M-97 (R2007) be used. Where welding or cutting of unusually thick base metal is involved, sheet metal shields should be used for extra protection. Mechanization of highly hazardous processes or jobs should be considered, Other personnel in the work area should be protected by the use of noncombustible sereens oF by the use of appropriate protection as described in the previous paragraph. Before leaving a work area, hot workpieces should be marked to alert other persons of this hazard. No attempt should be made to repair ‘or disconnect electrical equipment when it is under load. Disconnection under load produces arcing of the contacts, and may cause bums or shock, or both. (Note: Burns can be caused by touching hot equipment such as electrode holders, tips, and nozsles. Therefore, insulated gloves should be worn when these items are handled, unless ‘an adequate cooling period has been allowed before touching) The following sources are for more detailed informa tion on personal protection: (1) American National. Standards Institute. ANSU/ ASC ZAL.1, Safety-Toe Footwear. New York, N.Y. ‘American National Standards Institute (@) ANSUASC 249.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Miami, Fla.: American Welding Society (G) ANSUASC 287.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection. New York, N.Y.: ‘American National Standards institut. (4) Occupational Safety and Health Administration Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910, Washington, D.C: US. Goverment Printing Office.* ‘A72 Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill; how- ever, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should not be touched. The manufacturer's instructions and recom= ‘mended safe practices should be read and understood. Faulty installation, improper grounding, and incorrect ‘operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are all sources of danger. Al electrical equipment and the workpieces should be ‘grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead. It is used only to complete the welding circuit. A separate connection is required to ground the workpiece. The workpiece should not be mistaken for a ground connection. ‘The correct cable size should be used, since sustained overloading will cause cable failure and result in possible electrical shock or fire hazard, All electrical connections 5. ANSI documents are published by the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Steet, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. 6. OSHA documents are published by the U.S. Government Printing Ofice, Washington, DC 20402. should be tight, clean, and dry. Poor connections can ‘overheat and even melt. Further, they can produce dan- ‘gerous arcs and sparks. Water, grease, or dirt should not be allowed to accumulate on plugs, sockets, or electrical units. Moisture can conduct electricity. To prevent shock, the work area, equipment, and clothing should be kept dry at al times. Welders should ‘wear dry gloves and rubber-soled shoes, or stand on a dry board or insulated platform. Cables and connections should be kept in good condition. Improper or wor electrical connections may create conditions that could cause electrical shock or short circuits. Worn, damaged), or bare cables should not be used. Open-circut voltage should be avoided. When several welders are working with ares Of different polarities, or when a number of alternating, ‘current machines are being used, the open-cireuit voltages can be additive. The added voltages increase the se- verity ofthe shock hazard In case of electric shock, the power should be tumed off, Ifthe rescuer must resort to pulling the victim from the live contact, nonconducting materials should be used. Ifthe vietim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscita- (CPR) should be administered as soon as contact with the electrical source is broken. A physician should be called and CPR continued until breathing has been re- stored, or until a physician has arrived. Electrical burns are treated as thermal burns; that is, clean, cold (iced) compresses should be applied. Contamination should be avoided; the area should be covered with a clean, dry dressing; and the patient should be transported to medi- cal assistance. Recognized safety standards such as ANSVASC 749.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, and NFPA No. 70, National Electrical Code, available from National Fire Protection Association, 1 Battery ‘march Park, Quincy, MA 02269, should be followed. A7.3 Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be hharmful to health, Fumes are solid particles that originate from welding filler metals and fluxes, the base metal, and any coatings present on the base metal. Gases are produced during the welding process or may be produced by the effects of process radiation on the surrounding envi- ronment. Management personnel and welders alike should be aware of the effects ofthese fumes and gases. ‘The amount and composition of these fumes and gases depend upon the composition ofthe filler metal and base ‘metal, welding process, current level, arc length, and other factors. The possible effects of overexposure range from iri- tation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more se- ‘vere complications. Effects may occur immediately or at some later time. Fumes can cause symptoms such as 6

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