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Focal Length of Convex Lens via Graphs

This document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using a graphical method. The experiment involves measuring the distances of an object needle and image needle from the lens for different object positions. Graphs are plotted of 1/u versus 1/v and u versus v, from which the focal length is calculated. The focal length is found to be approximately 10.1 cm from the u-v graph and 10.2 cm from the 1/u - 1/v graph.

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kopal94135
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879 views2 pages

Focal Length of Convex Lens via Graphs

This document describes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens using a graphical method. The experiment involves measuring the distances of an object needle and image needle from the lens for different object positions. Graphs are plotted of 1/u versus 1/v and u versus v, from which the focal length is calculated. The focal length is found to be approximately 10.1 cm from the u-v graph and 10.2 cm from the 1/u - 1/v graph.

Uploaded by

kopal94135
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Aim: To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting a graph:

(i) between u and v () between -and

Apparatus: An optical bench with three uprights, aconvex lens, lens holder, two optical needles, akniting needles &
a half-metre scale.

Ray Diagram

2F
+

Object Imege
Nooclle Neecdle

Fg *1 Focal Length o Covex Lers


Formula Used:
The relation between u, v and ffor convex lens is:

f v u
Wheref: focal length of convex lens
u: distance of object needle rom lens' optical centre.
v: distance of image needle from lens' optical centre.
Observations:
) Rough focal length of the lens = 10 cm
(ü) Actual length of knitting needle, x = 15 cm
(ui) Observed distance between object needle & the lens when knitting neede is placed between them y= 15.2 cm
(iv) Observed distance between image needle & the lens when knitting needle is placed between them, z= 14.l cm
(v) Index corection for the object distance u, x-y =-0.2 cm
(i) Index corection for the image distance v, x-z= +0.9 cm
Observation Table:

Position of: (cm)


S. No. Object Lens Image u (cm) v (cm) Vu (cm)
needlle needle
1 66 26 16 24 0.041 0.062
2 67 50 27 17 23 0.043 0.058
3 68 50 28 18 22 0.045 0.055
4 70 50 30 20 20 0.05 0.05
75 50 33 23 1 0.058 0.043
6 80 50 34 24 16 0.062 0.041

Caleulation of focal length by graphical metbod:


)u-vgraph: The graph is a rectangular hyperbola:
Scale: Xaxis: 1 cm=5 cm ofu
Yaxis: lcm=5 cm of v
AB = AC =for OC = OB = 2f
-and aso f -0C
2 2
..Mean value off= 10.1 cm
1_1
(u) *-gaph:The graph is a straight line.
u (cn)
Page 11 (PHYSICS)
I/u vs Iv Curve

Scale: X* axis: 1 cm= 0.01 cm' of

Yaxis: 1cm=0.01 cm' of -


1
Focal lengh.f= -10.2cm.
Result:
() From u-v graph is,f= 10.lcm

(ü) From ! graph is. f= 10.2 cm


Precautions:
() Tips of object & image needles should be at the same height as the centre of the lens.
(ü) Parallax should be removed from tip-to-tip by keeping eye at a distance at least 30 cm away from
the needle.
(im)) The image & the object needles should not be interchanged for different sets of
observations.

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