Worksheet for IC Engine and Reciprocating Machine

1. A diesel engine has a brake thermal efficiency of 30 per cent. If the calorific value of the
fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Find its brake specific fuel consumption.

2. A gas engine having a cylinder 250 mm bore and 450 mm stroke has a volumetric
efficiency of 80%. Air-gas ratio equals 9:1, calorific value of fuel 21000 kJ per m3 at NTP.
Calculate the heat supplied to the engine per working cycle. If the compression ratio is
5:1, what is the heat value of the mixture per working stroke per m3 of total cylinder
volume?

3. A certain engine at full load delivers a brake power of 36.8 kW at certain speed. It
requires 7.36 kW to overcome the friction and to rotate the engine without load at the
same speed. Calculate its mechanical efficiency. Assuming that the mechanical losses
remain constant, what will be the mechanical efficiency at half load and quarter load?

4. An engine develops a brake power of 3.68 kW. Its indicated thermal efficiency is 30%,
mechanical efficiency is 80%, calorific value of the fuel is 42 MJ/kg and its specific gravity
= 0.875. Calculate (i) the fuel consumption of the engine in (a) kg/h (b) liters/h (ii)
indicated Specific fuel consumption and (iii) brake specific fuel consumption.

5. A two-stroke CI engine develops a brake power of 368 kW while its frictional power is
73.6 kW. Its fuel consumption is 180 kg/h and works with an air-fuel ratio of 20:1. The
heating value of the fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) indicated power (ii) mechanical
efficiency (iii) air consumption per hour (IV) Indicated thermal efficiency and (v) brake
thermal efficiency.

6. Compute the brake mean effective pressure of a four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine
having 150 mm bore and 200 mm stroke which develops a brake power of 73.6 kW at
1200 rpm.

7. Compute the bmep of a four-cylinder, two-stroke engine, and 100 mm bore 125 mm
stroke when it develops a torque of 490 Nm.

8. Find the brake thermal efficiency of an engine which consumes 7 kg of fuel in 20

minutes and develops a brake power of 65 kW. The fuel has a heating value of 42000
kJ/kg.

9. Find the mean piston speed of a diesel engine running at 1500 rpm. The engine has a
100 mm bore and L/d ratio is 1.5.
10. An engine is using 5.2 kg of air per minute while operating at 1200 rpm. The engine
requires 0.2256 kg of fuel per hour to produce an indicated power of 1 kW. The air-fuel
ratio is 15:1. Indicated thermal efficiency is 38% and mechanical efficiency is 80%.
Calculate (i) brake power and (ii) heating value of the fuel.

11. A four-cylinder, four-stroke, and spark-ignition engine has a bore of 80 mm and stroke
of 80 mm. The compression ratio is 8. Calculate the cubic capacity of the engine and the
clearance volume of each cylinder. What type of engine is this?

12. A four-stroke, compression-ignition engine with four cylinders develops an indicated

power of 125 kW and delivers a brake power of 100 kW. Calculate (i) frictional power (ii)
mechanical efficiency of the engine.

13. An engine with 80 per cent mechanical efficiency develops a brake power of 30 kW.
Find its indicated power and frictional power. If frictional power is assumed to be
constant, what will be the mechanical efficiency at half load?

14. A single-cylinder, compression-ignition engine with a brake thermal efficiency of 30%

uses high speed diesel oil having a calorific value of 42000 kJ/kg. If its mechanical
efficiency is 80 per cent, calculate (i) bsf c in kg/kW h (ii) isf c in kg/kW h

15. A petrol engine uses a fuel of calorific value of 42000 kJ/kg and has a specific gravity
of 0.75. The brake thermal efficiency is 24 per cent and mechanical efficiency is 80 per
cent. If the engine develops a brake power of 29.44 kW, calculate (i) volume of the fuel
consumed per second (ii) indicated thermal efficiency

16. A single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine having a displacement volume of 790 cc is

tested at 300 rpm. When a braking torque of 49 Nm is applied, analysis of the indicator
diagram gives a mean effective pressure of 980 kPa. Calculate the brake power and
mechanical efficiency of the engine.

17. A four-stroke SI engine delivers a brake power of 441.6 kW with a mechanical

efficiency of 85 per cent. The measured fuel consumption is 160 kg of fuel in one hour and
air consumption is 410 kg during one sixth of an hour. The heating value of the fuel is
42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) indicated power (ii) frictional power (iii) air fuel
Ratio (IV) indicated thermal efficiency (v) brake thermal efficiency.

18. A two-stroke CI engine develops a brake power of 368 kW while 73.6 kW is used to
overcome the friction losses. It consumes 180 kg/h of fuel at an air-fuel ratio of 20:1. The
heating value of the fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) indicated power (ii) mechanical
efficiency; (iii) Air consumption (iv) Indicated thermal efficiency (v) brake thermal
efficiency.
19. A four-stroke petrol engine delivers a brake power of 36.8 kW with a mechanical
efficiency of 80%. The air-fuel ratio is 15:1 and the fuel consumption is 0.4068 kg/kW h.
The heating value of the fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) indicated power (ii) frictional
power (iii) brake thermal efficiency (iv) indicated thermal efficiency (v) total fuel
consumption (vi) air consumption/second.

20. A spark-ignition engine has a fuel-air ratio of 0.067. How many kg of air per hour is
required for a brake power output of 73.6 kW at an overall brake thermal efficiency of
20%? How many m3 of air is required per hour if the density of air is 1.15 kg/m3. If the
fuel vapour has a density four times that of air, how many m3 per hour of the mixture is
required? The calorific value of the fuel is given as 42000 kJ/kg.

21. A four-stroke CI engine having a cylinder diameter of 39 cm and stroke of 28 cm has

a mechanical efficiency of 80%. Assume the frictional power as 80 kW. Its fuel
consumption is 86 kg/h with an air-fuel ratio of 18:1. The speed of the engine is 2000
rpm. Calculate (i) indicated power (ii) if ηith is 40%, calculate the calorific value of the
fuel used (iii) pim (iv) m˙ a/hour (v) sp.

22.A four-stroke LPG engine having a cylinder 250 mm diameter and stroke of 300 mm
has a volumetric efficiency of 70% at atmospheric conditions. Gas to air ratio is 8:1.
Calorific value of the fuel is 100 MJ/m3 at atmospheric conditions. Find the heat supplied
to the engine per working cycle. If the compression ratio is 10, what is the heat value of
the mixture per working stroke per m3 of the total cylinder volume?

1.23 A four-cylinder spark-ignition engine has the following dimensions: bore = 680
mm and a crank radius = 375 mm. If the compression ratio is 8:1, determine the (i)
stroke length (ii) swept volume (iii) cubic capacity (iv) clearance volume and (v) total
volume. If the volumetric efficiency is 80% determine the (vi) actual volume of air
aspirated/stroke in each cylinder?

24. An engine with an indicated thermal efficiency of 25% and mechanical efficiency of
75% consumes 25 kg/h of fuel at a fixed speed. The brake mean effective pressure is 5 bar
and the mean piston speed is 15 m/s. assuming it is a single cylinder square engine
determine the crank radius and the speed in rpm. Take CV of the fuel = 42 MJ/kg.

25. A four-cylinder SI engine running at 1200 rpm gives 18.87 kW as brake power. When
one cylinder missed firing the average torque was 100 Nm. Calculate the indicated
thermal efficiency if the CV of fuel is 42 MJ/kg. The engine uses 0.335 kg of fuel per kW/h.
What is the mechanical efficiency of the engine?

26.A certain engine with a bore of 250 mm has an indicated thermal efficiency Of 30%.
The bsfc and specific power output are 0.35 kg/kW h and 90 kW/m2. Find the mechanical
efficiency and brake thermal efficiency of the engine. Take the calorific value of the fuel
as 42 MJ/kg.
27 A single-cylinder, four-stroke engine having a cubic capacity of 0.7 litre was tested at
200 rpm. From the indicator diagram the mean effective pressure was found to be 106
N/m2 and the mechanical efficiency is 75%.Find the frictional power of the engine if the
engine is an over-square engine with a over-square ratio of 0.8. Calculate the bore and
stroke.

28. In a performance test on a four-stroke engine, the indicator diagram area was found
to be 5 × 10−4 m2 and the length of the indicator diagram was 0.05 m. If the y-axis has a
scale of 1 m = 50 MPa, find the imep of the engine given that bore = 150 mm, stroke =
200 mm. The measured engine speed was 1200 rpm. Also calculate the ip and isf c of the
engine if the fuel injected per cycle is 0.5 cc with the specific gravity of 0.8.

29. A four-stroke, four-cylinder automotive engine develops 150 Nm brake torque at 3000
rpm. Assuming bmep to be 0.925 bar, find (i) brake power (ii) displacement volume (iii)
stroke (iv) bore, Take sp = 12 m/s.

30 A single-cylinder, four-stroke, engine has a bsf c of 1.13 ×10−5 kg/kW hand a fuel
consumption rate of 0.4068 kg/h. The specific power output of the engine is 0.33
kW/cm2. If the engine runs at 3000 rpm find the displacement volume of the cylinder
and if the sp is 15 m/s, find the bmep.