Name: Class: Date: Assessment Chapter Test A Teacher Notes and Answers Circular Motion and Gravitation CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL) Le id 2. Ia 3 13. 4 1b 5. Given 6 , F -3.0x10°N d = 080m Solution G = 6673410 Nea! 1 = Fd ~ (3.0%10? NXO.80m) ~ Solution bdgithitem 15. m 1Be -36N 17. Acceleration depends on the change in an object's velocity. An object moving at a ‘constant speed can experience a nonzero acceleration ifthe direction of the object's ‘motion changes. mats _ gata _ gis Cy Op? 9 18, Friction between the car's tires and the track provides the centripetal force, 19, No, there is only an inward force causing a deviation from a straight-line path. The tendeney to move in a straight line away from the circular path is inertia 20. A satellite in a cireular orbit around Earth moves like a projectile. One component of ‘ts motion is parallel to Earth's surface, while the other component is a free-fall acceleration toward Earth. The horizontal ‘component of the motion is just the right magnitude for Earth's curved surface to fall away at the same rate as the satellite's free fall acceleration, = 2y;,, ie. speed would increase by a factor of 2 (apna coment Cops € by Ho, Rasta an Waste Adios ant changes othe ia cota the espns ofthe see Hot Physics 7 ‘Chapter TestsName: Class: 21. They both accelerate toward each other. Earth's acceleration is extremely small ‘compared to that of the apple because Earth hhas a much greater mass than the apple does. 22, No, astronauts in orbit are not truly ‘weightless, They experience apparent ‘weightlessness because they are in continual fee fall, along with their surrounding ‘environment. 23, 21s Given y= 26m’ Solution r-32m Solution my? _ (35 kg)(2.6 mis) R TAN 3.2m 28.143 Gren 5, iy =255N Eng, = 3650.N Solution Fa Date: 3650N 255N 143, (apna coment Cops € by Ho Rasta a Waste Adios ant changes othe ia cota the espns ofthe see Hot Physics 2 ‘Chapter TestsName: Class: Date: Assessment Circular Motion and Gravitation Chapter Test A MULTIPLE CHOICE In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1, When an object is moving with uniform circular motion, the object’s tangential speed a. is circular b. is perpendicular to the plane of motion. . is constant d. is directed toward the center of motion. ny ‘The centripetal force on an object in circular motion is a. in the same direction as the tangential speed. b, in the direction opposite the tangential speed. ¢. in the same direction as the centripetal acceleration, 4. in the direction opposite the centripetal acceleration, 3. A ball is whirled on a string, then the string breaks. What causes the ball to move off in a straight line? a. centripetal acceleration c. centrifugal force b. centripetal force d. inertia 4. Ifyou lift an apple fiom the ground to some point above the ground, the gravitational potential energy in the system increases. This potential is stored in a. the apple b. Earth. c. both the apple and Earth 4d. the gravitational field between Earth and the apple 5. When calculating the gravitational force between two extended bodies. you should measure the distance a. fom the closest points on each body b. from the most distant points on each body. c. from the center of each body d. fiom the center of one body to the closest point on the other body 6. The gravitational force between two masses is 36 N. What is the gravitational force if the distance between them is tripled? (G= 6.673 x 10 Nex ad 0N c. 18N b.90N 4.27N (apna coment Cops by Ho, Rae an Wise Adios aod angst the iia cata a the respond af een Hot Physics 3 ‘Chapter TestsName: Class: Date: Chapter Test A continued Ar, 7. In the figure above, according to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, ad, ©. if At) = Af, then the orbit is circular dif Ary = Ar, then 4; 8. Newton’s law of universal gravitation a. can be derived from Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. b. can be used to derive Kepler’s third law of planetary motion, c. can be used to disprove Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. 4. does not apply to Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. 9. The equation for the speed of an object in circular orbit is v, What does nm represent in this equation? a. the mass of the sun c.the mass of the central object b. the mass of Earth dite mass of the orbiting object 10. How would the speed of Earth’s orbit around the sun change if Earth’s ‘mass increased by 4 times? a. It would increase by a factor of 2. b. It would increase by a factor of 4. c. It would decrease by a factor of 2 4d. The speed would not change 11. When an astronaut in orbit experiences apparent weightlessness, a. no forces act ou the astronaut. b. no gravitational forces act on the astronaut c. the net gravitational force on the astronaut is zero. . the net gravitational force on the astronaut is not balanced by a nonmal force. 12. If you cannot exert enough force to loosen a bolt with a wrench, which of the following should you do? a. Use a wrench with a longer handle. b. Tie a rope to the end of the wrench and pull on the rope. cc. Use a wrench with a shorter handle. d. You should exert a force on the wrench closer to the bolt. (apna coment Cops € by Ho, Rasta an Waste Adios ant changes oh ia cota the espns ofthe see Hot Physics 4 ‘Chapter TestsName: Class Date Chapter Test A continued 13, Suppose a doorknob is placed at the center of a door. Compared with a door whose knob is located at the edge, what amount of force must be applied to this door to produce the torque exerted on the other door? a. one-half as much ¢. one-fourth as much b, two times as much d, four times as much 14, A heavy bank-vault door is opened by the application of a force of 3.0 x 10° N directed perpendicular to the plane of the door at a distance of 0.80 m from the hinges. What is the torque? ©. 300 Nem 4d. 360 Nem 15, What kind of simple machine are you using if you pry a nail from a board with the back of a hammer? a. awedge c. alever b. apulley d. ascrew ______ 16. Which of the following is nor a valid equation for mechanical advantage? F W, . MA = Maa Mow , SOT, b. MA= a. wa — Matos input force SHORT ANSWER 17. Explain how an object moving at a constant speed can have a nonzero acceleration. 18. What provides the centripetal force for a car driving on a circular track? 19. Is there an outward force in circular motion? Explain. (apna coment Cops by Ho, Rae a Waste Adios ant changes othe ia cota the espns ofthe see Hot Physies 3 ‘Chapter TestsName: Class: Date: Chapter Test A continued 20. Discuss the following statement: “A satellite is continually in free fall.” 21. Earth exerts a 1.0 N gravitational force on an apple. Does the apple accelerate toward Earth, or does Earth accelerate toward the apple? Explain your answer 22. Are astronauts in orbit weightless? Explain your answer PROBLEM 23. A 35 kg child moves with uniform circular motion while riding a horse ona carousel. The horse is 3.2 m from the carousel’s axis of rotation and has a tangential speed of 2.6 m/s. What is the child’s centripetal acceleration? 24. What is the centripetal force on the child in item 25. A force of 255 N is needed to pull a nail from a wall, using a claw hammer. If the resistance force of the nail is 3650 N, what is the mechanical advantage of the hammer? (apna coment Cops € by Ho Rasta a Waste Adios ant changes othe ia cota ae the espns ofthe see Hot Physics 6 ‘Chapter Tests