Extra examples for SDOF free response
Example 1
Given: The system shown below.
Find: The EOM of this system in terms of the coordinate x and the natural frequency of the
system.
+
x A
!
k
B
m
f(t)
5
Vibrations VI-18 ME274
Example 2
Example VI.2.2
Given: Blocks A and B (having masses of m and 3m, respectively) are connected by a cable-pulley
Blocks
system A andbelow.
as shown B (having masses
A spring of m and
of sti↵ness 3k3m, respectively)
is attached betweenareAconnected by aAcable-
and ground. second spring
pulley system as shown below. A spring of stiffness k is attached between A
of sti↵ness k is attached between block B and ground. Let x describe the position of A, and ground.
where the
A vertical force f(t) is applied
springs are unstretched when x = 0. to B. Assume the mass of the pulleys to be negligible. Let x
describe the position of A, where the spring is unstretched when x = 0.
Find:Derive
The the
EOMEOM forfor
thethe system
system in in termsofofthe
terms thecoordinate
[Link]
Determine the natural
the natural frequency of free
frequency
oscillations for of free
this oscillations for this system.
system.
+
x
3k A
m
B
3m
k
6
Example 3
Given: The block has a downward speed of 2 m/s as it passes through its equilibrium position.
Find: The maximum acceleration of the block over one cycle of oscillation. Use k = 1000 N/m
Vibrations VI-19 ME274
and m = 50 kg.
Example VI.2.3
The block has a downward speed of 2 m/sec as it passes
through its equilibrium position. Determine the maximum
acceleration of the block over one cycle of oscillation. Use k k
k = 1000 N / m and m = 50 kg .
m
+
x
3k
7
Example 4
Given: The system shown below.
Find: The di↵erential equation of motion for the system using the coordinate x and the natural
frequency of the system. Assume small oscillations of the system.
x+
m k
L/2
m
k
L/2
8
Example 5
Given: The pulley has a mass moment of inertia of IO .
Find: The di↵erential equation of motion for the system in terms of ✓ and the natural frequency
for the system.
k2
!
r
O 4r
k1
9
Example 6
Given: The system shown below.
Find: The value of c corresponding to critical damping. Use k = 30 kN/m and m = 35 kg.
+
m x
c
10
Example 7
Given: The system shown below.
Find: The value of the damping constant c, such that the system has 50 percent of critical damping.
Vibrations
Use k = 3000 N/m and m = 10 kg. VI-23 ME274
Example VI.2.7
Determine the value of the damping constant c such that the system
has 50% of critical damping. Use k = 3000!N / m and m = 10 kg .
k
m
+
x
2k
c
11
Example 8
Given: The system shown below.
Find: The value of the damping constant c, such that the system has 50 percent of critical damping.
Use k = 2000 N/m and m = 10 kg.
Vibrations VI-24 ME274
Example VI.2.8
Determine the value of the damping constant c such that +
the system has 50% of critical damping. Use x k
k = 2000!N / m and m = 10 kg .
4k
m
30°
c
12
Example 9
Given: The system shown below.
Find: The free response of the system corresponding to x(0) = x0 and ẋ(0) = 0. Use c = 2.5
lb-s/ft, k = 36 lb/ft and mg = 8 lb.
+
x
k
m
c
13
Example 10
Given: The addition of damping to an undamped system causes the period to increase by 25
percent.
Find: The value of the damping ratio after the addition of damping.
14
Example 11
Given: The free response of the single degree of freedom system:
M ẍ + C ẋ + Kx = f (t)
shown below. It is known that M = 2 kg.
Find: The damping coefficient C from this free response plot.
1.5
0.5
x(t)
0.5
1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
time (sec)
15
Example 12
Given: The system shown below is released from rest under the action of gravity.
Find: The initial overshoot past the static equilibrium state of the system. Use m = 3 kg, c = 18
N-s/m and k = 108 N/m.
c k
+
m x
16
Vibrations
Example 13 VI-29 ME274
Given: Block A strikes stationary block B with a speed of v. Upon impact, A sticks to B. Assume
Example VI.2.13
all surfaces to be smooth.
Block A strikes stationary block B with a speed of v. Upon impact, A sticks to B.
Find: The
Determine the time
time history
history of
of motion
motionx(t)
x(t) of
of the
the system
system after
after AA sticks
sticksto
toB.
[Link] v = 30
Assume allm/s, k = 3000
N/m, to
surfaces c =be30smooth.
N-s/m Use
and mv ==30 / sec , k = 3000!N / m , c = 30 N / m ! sec and
10mkg.
m = 10 kg .
+
x
v
B
k m
A
2m
c
17
Example 14
Given: The system moves in a horizontal plane.
Find: The value of c for critical damping. Assume small oscillations.
k c
O
b
18
Example 15
The location center of percussion P for a rigid body is given by: h = IO /md, where h is the distance
from the support point O to P, d is the distance from the support point O to the center of mass G
and IO is the mass moment of inertia of the body about the support point O. In this example, we
will explore using the free vibration response of a baseball bat suspended from support point O to
determine the location of the bat’s center of percussion.
1. Draw an FBD of the bat.
2. Develop the equation of motion (EOM) of the bat in terms of the angle ✓. Linearize this
EOM for small ✓ (recall that for small ✓ we have sin ✓ ⇡ ✓).
Vibrations VI-31 ME274
3. Based on your linearized EOM, what is the natural frequency of free response of the bat in
terms of the parameters of the problem?
Example VI.2.15
4. Determine the relationship between the distance h to the center of percussion and the natural
frequency of free oscillations for the bat.
5. Discuss how you could set up a simple experiment to determine the location of the center of
percussion of the bat.
O
d h
G
P
