Chapter 02 Chemistry of Life

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called

A. an isotope.
B. a nucleus.
C. an atom.
D. a molecular bond.
E. a neutrino.

2. In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number

A. of electrons.
B. of neutrons.
C. of neutron and protons.
D. of quarks.
E. of neutrinos.

3. Examine the section of the periodic table in Figure 2.1. Which element will behave similarly to C?

A. Ca
B. S
C. A
r
D. Si
E. Mg

4. How many elements occur naturally?

A. 112
B. 92
C. 64
D. 32
E. 6

5. The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

A. protons.
B. neutrons.
C. electrons.
D. protons and neutrons.
E. protons and electrons.
True / False Questions

6. An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

7. Why is He over Ne in the periodic table? (Refer to Figure 2.1)

A. They both have the same atomic mass.

B. They both have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbital.
C. They both have a full outermost orbital.
D. They both have the same atomic number.
E. They both have the same number of protons in their nuclei.

8. Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 9
D. 13

9. What is the symbol for sodium?

A. Na
B. S
C. So
D. N
E. Dm

10. An element has its outermost orbital full and contains more than 2 electrons. Which element is this?

A. He
B. Ne
C. C
D. N
E. O

11. Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of

A. protons.
B. neutrons.
C. electrons.
D. both protons and electrons.
E. neutrinos.
12. Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is based upon the radioactive decay of an
isotope of carbon (C14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from figure 2.1, how many neutrons does C14 have?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 12
E. 14

13. What is iodine 131, used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues, called?

A. A mixture
B. A tracer
C. An emulsion
D. A colloid
E. A sensor

True / False Questions

14. Radiation can produce both positive and negative effects for humans.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

15. A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called

A. an atomic unit.
B. a molecule.
C. a compound.
D. an isotope.
E. an ion.

16. Ca3(PO4)2 represents a/an

A. element.
B. mixture.
C. compound.
D. isotope.
E. atom.
17. Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?

A. covalent
B. neutral
C. hydrogen
D. colloidal
E. ionic

18. CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond?

A. covalent
B. hydrogen
C. polar
D. non-polar
E. ionic

True / False Questions

19. Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

20. Hydrogen bonds

A. resu
lt
fro
m
the
loss
of
neut
rons
by
an
ato
m.
B. resu
lt in
the
for
mati
on
of
salts
.
C. invo
lve
the
loss
and
gain
of
elec
tron
s.
D. invo
lve
the
shar
ing
of
elec
tron
s.
E. are
relat
ivel
y
wea
k
and
can
be
bro
ken
rath
er
easi
ly.
21. The reason water is polar is because

A. in
pola
r
mol
ecul
es
ato
ms
shar
e
elec
tron
s
eve
nly.
B. the
oxy
gen
ato
m is
larg
er
than
the
hyd
roge
n
ato
m.
C. hyd
rop
hilic
mol
ecul
es
inte
ract
with
wat
er.
D. hyd
rop
hobi
c
mol
ecul
es
do
not
inte
ract
with
wat
er.
E. ther
e is
a
tran
sfer
of
elec
tron
s
fro
m
the
hyd
roge
n to
the
oxy
gen.
22. Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible
for the sinking of the Titanic?

A. Wat
er is
liqu
id at
roo
m
tem
pera
ture
.
B. Wat
er
has
a
high
heat
of
vap
oriz
atio
n.
C. The
tem
pera
ture
of
liqu
id
wat
er
rise
s
and
falls
slo
wly.
D. Fro
zen
wat
er is
less
den
se
than
liqu
id
wat
er.
E. Wat
er
mol
ecul
es
are
coh
esiv
e.
23. On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To
her surprise the water was really cold. Which property of water did
she discover?

A. Wat
er
mol
ecul
es
are
coh
esiv
e.
B. The
tem
pera
ture
of
liqu
id
wat
er
rise
s
and
falls
slo
wly.
C. Wat
er
poss
esse
s
hyd
roge
n
bon
ds.
D. Wat
er is
a
pola
r
mol
ecul
e.
E. Fro
zen
wat
er is
less
den
se
than
liqu
id
wat
er.
24. William noticed blood mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube.
This is an example of which property of water?

A. Fro
zen
wat
er is
less
den
se
than
liqu
id
wat
er.
B. The
tem
pera
ture
of
liqu
id
wat
er
rise
s
and
falls
slo
wly.
C. Wat
er
mol
ecul
es
are
coh
esiv
e.
D. Wat
er
has
a
high
heat
of
vap
oriz
atio
n.
E. Wat
er is
a
solv
ent.
25. In an acidic solution

A. the
num
ber
of
H+
is
less
than
the
num
ber
of
OH-
.
B. the
num
ber
of
H+
is
grea
ter
than
the
num
ber
of
OH-
.
C. the
num
ber
of
H+
is
equ
al to
the
num
ber
of
OH-
.

True / False Questions

26. A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H+ as a pH of 6.

True False
Multiple Choice Questions

27. A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H+ has a pH of

A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9
E. 11

True / False Questions

28. The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of

homeostasis.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

29. Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer
chains (polymers) requires a process called

A. a
hyd
roly
sis
reac
tion
.
B. a
deh
ydra
tion
reac
tion
.
C. mon
ome
rizat
ion.
D. emu
lsifi
cati
on.
E. disa
sse
mbl
y.

30. Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic
molecules found in cells?

A. vita
min
s
B. lipi
ds
C. prot
eins
D. carb
ohy
drat
es
E. nucl
eic
acid
s

True / False Questions

31. NaCl is not an organic molecule.

True False
32. A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

33. Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called

A. mon
osac
char
ides
.
B. disa
cch
arid
es.
C. trisa
cch
arid
es.
D. poly
sacc
hari
des.
E. ster
oids
.

34. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A. gluc
ose
B. fruc
tose
C. gala
ctos
e
D. malt
ose
35. What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?

A. Chit
in
B. Glu
cose
C. Gly
cog
en
D. Star
ch
E. Cell
ulos
e

36. Which polysaccharide is branched the most?

A. cell
ulos
e
B. star
ch
C. glyc
oge
n

True / False Questions

37. The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy

storage.

True False

38. Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

39. Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that

A. they
are
all
mad
e of
gluc
ose.
B. they
cont
ain
the
sam
e
num
ber
of
side
chai
ns.
C. they
hav
e
the
sam
e
type
s of
bon
ds
bet
wee
n
the
mon
ome
r
unit
s.
D. they
are
all
fou
nd
in
ani
mal
s.
E. they
can
all
be
dige
sted
by
our
bodi
es.
40. A fat contains how many fatty acids?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
41. How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?

A. The
y
are
all
soli
d at
roo
m
tem
pera
ture
.
B. The
y
eac
h
cont
ain
a
pola
r
pho
sph
ate
gro
up.
C. The
y
eac
h
cont
ain
only
1
fatt
y
acid
.
D. The
y do
not
diss
olve
in
wat
er.
E. The
y all
cont
ain
at
leas
t
one
carb
on
ring
.
42. A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon
atoms is considered

A. satu
rate
d.
B. uns
atur
ated
.
C. tran
s
uns
atur
ated
.

True / False Questions

43. Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant
origin.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

44. The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?

A. ster
oids
B. fats
C. oils
D. trigl
ycer
ides
E. pho
sph
olip
ids
45. The membranes of cells are composed of

A. pho
sph
olip
ids.
B. fats.
C. oils.
D. ster
oids
.
E. trigl
ycer
ides
.

True / False Questions

46. Fats and oils function well as energy-storage molecules because

they contain carbon.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

47. The monomer unit of a protein is

A. fatt
y
acid
s.
B. ami
no
acid
s.
C. mon
osac
char
ides
.
D. poly
sacc
hari
des.
E. nucl
eic
acid
s.
48. What makes each amino acid unique?

A. the
cent
ral
carb
on
B. the
R
gro
up
C. the
ami
no
gro
up
D. the
carb
oxyl
gro
up

49. Which of the following is not a function of proteins?

A. quic
k
ener
gy
B. sup
port
C. tran
spor
t
D. enz
yme
s
E. mot
ion

50. An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of

protein structure?

A. seco
ndar
y
B. pri
mar
y
C. terti
ary
D. quat
erna
ry
51. When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction,

A. a
pept
ide
bon
d is
for
med
.
B. the
R
gro
ups
are
lost.
C. wat
er is
add
ed
to
begi
n
the
reac
tion
.
D. the
carb
oxyl
gro
up
of
eac
h
join
toge
ther
.
E. the
ami
no
gro
up
of
eac
h
join
toge
ther
.

True / False Questions

52. All amino acids are alike in that their R groups are polar.

True False

Multiple Choice Questions

53. The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are

A. alter
nati
ng
carb
ons
and
nitr
oge
ns.
B. the
R
gro
ups.
C. the
nitr
oge
nou
s
base
s.
D. alter
nati
ng
nitr
oge
ns
and
pho
sph
ates
.
E. sug
ars
and
pho
sph
ates
.
54. When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the
following occurs?

A. a
pho
sph
ate
bon
d is
add
ed
B. a
pho
sph
ate
bon
d is
bro
ken
C. oxy
gen
is
rem
ove
d
D. oxy
gen
is
add
ed
E. an
ade
nine
is
add
ed

55. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

A. cyto
sine
B. thy
min
e
C. urac
il
D. gua
nine
E. ade
nine
56. Which of the following is not present in a nucleotide?

A. pho
sph
ate
B. nitr
oge
nou
s
base
C. 5
ring
sug
ar
D. an
R
gro
up
E. a
pent
ose

57. A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide

containing guanine (G). What percent does the nitrogen base
thymine (T) equal?

A. 58
%
B. 42
%
C. 21
%
D. 67
%
E. 29
%
58. ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy

A. carb
ohy
drat
e
bon
ds.
B. pept
ide
bon
ds.
C. lipi
d
bon
ds.
D. pho
sph
ate
bon
ds.
E. hyd
roge
n
bon
ds

True / False Questions

59. The function of RNA in the body is to store the genetic

information in the nucleus.

True False

60. ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it is a type
of electricity.

True False
 Chapter 02 Chemistry of Life Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and
physical properties of that element is called

A. an
isot
ope.
B. a
nucl
eus.
C. an
ato
m.
D. a
mol
ecul
ar
bon
d.
E. a
neut
rino
.

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the

chemical and physical properties of that element.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry
2. In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number

A. of
elec
tron
s.
B. of
neut
rons
.
C. of
neut
ron
and
prot
ons.
D. of
quar
ks.
E. of
neut
rino
s.

In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number of

electrons.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Illustrate the structure of an atom.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

3. Examine the section of the periodic table in Figure 2.1. Which

element will behave similarly to C?

A. Ca
B. S
C. Ar
D. Si
E. Mg

Si or silicon will behave similarly to carbon because they are in the

same column.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry
4. How many elements occur naturally?

A. 112
B. 92
C. 64
D. 32
E. 6

There are 92 naturally occurring elements.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

5. The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

A. prot
ons.
B. neut
rons
.
C. elec
tron
s.
D. prot
ons
and
neut
rons
.
E. prot
ons
and
elec
tron
s.

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

protons.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Illustrate the structure of an atom.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

6. An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.

TRUE

An element is one of the basic building blocks of matter and

cannot be broken down by chemical means.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

7. Why is He over Ne in the periodic table? (Refer to Figure 2.1)

A. The
y
both
hav
e
the
sam
e
ato
mic
mas
s.
B. The
y
both
hav
e
the
sam
e
num
ber
of
elec
tron
s in
thei
r
oute
rmo
st
orbi
tal.
C. The
y
both
hav
ea
full
oute
rmo
st
orbi
tal.
D. The
y
both
hav
e
the
sam
e
ato
mic
num
ber.
E. The
y
 both
hav
e
the
sam
e
num
ber
of
prot
ons
in
thei
r
nucl
ei.

He has a full outermost orbital with 2 electrons. Ne has a full

outermost orbital with 8 electrons.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Illustrate the structure of an atom.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

8. Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many

protons does it have?

A. 4
B. 5
C. 9
D. 13

The atomic number gives the number of protons, so Be has 4

protons.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Illustrate the structure of an atom.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

9. What is the symbol for sodium?

A. Na
B. S
C. So
D. N
E. Dm

Na (short for natrium) is the symbol for sodium.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.01 Distinguish between atoms and elements.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry
10. An element has its outermost orbital full and contains more than 2
electrons. Which element is this?

A. He
B. Ne
C. C
D. N
E. O

He contains 2 electrons and Ne contains 10 electrons. Both have

their outermost orbital filled.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.01.02 Illustrate the structure of an atom.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

11. Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of

A. prot
ons.
B. neut
rons
.
C. elec
tron
s.
D. both
prot
ons
and
elec
tron
s.
E. neut
rino
s.

Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of neutrons.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry
12. Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain
kinds of fossils. It is based upon the radioactive decay of an
isotope of carbon (C14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon
attained from figure 2.1, how many neutrons does C14 have?

A. 2
B. 4
C. 8
D. 12
E. 14

Carbon fourteen possesses two more neutrons than carbon twelve,

for a total of 8 neutrons.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

13. What is iodine 131, used in medicine to produce various images of

organs and tissues, called?

A. A
mix
ture
B. A
trac
er
C. An
emu
lsio
n
D. A
coll
oid
E. A
sens
or

Tracers, such as iodine 131, can be used in medicine to produce

various images of organs and tissues.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

14. Radiation can produce both positive and negative effects for
humans.

TRUE

Radiation can be used beneficially but can also harm.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.01.03 Define an isotope and summarize its application in both medicine and biology.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

15. A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called

A. an
ato
mic
unit
.
B. a
mol
ecul
e.
C. a
com
pou
nd.
D. an
isot
ope.
E. an
ion.

Two or more atoms of the same type that combine are defined as a
molecule.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry
16. Ca3(PO4)2 represents a/an

A. ele
men
t.
B. mix
ture
.
C. com
pou
nd.
D. isot
ope.
E. ato
m.

Ca3(PO4)2 represents a compound because it is a combination of

different atoms.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

17. Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?

A. cov
alen
t
B. neut
ral
C. hyd
roge
n
D. coll
oida
l
E. ioni
c

Atoms that share electrons have covalent bonds.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry
18. CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond?

A. cov
alen
t
B. hyd
roge
n
C. pola
r
D. non
-
pola
r
E. ioni
c

CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of an ionic bond.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 02.01.04 Distinguish between ionic and covalent bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

19. Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight.

TRUE

Water is the most abundant molecule in living organisms.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 List the properties of water.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

20. Hydrogen bonds

A. resu
lt
fro
m
the
loss
of
neut
rons
by
an
ato
m.
B. resu
lt in
the
for
mati
on
of
salts
.
C. invo
lve
the
loss
and
gain
of
elec
tron
s.
D. invo
lve
the
shar
ing
of
elec
tron
s.
E. are
relat
ivel
y
wea
k
and
can
be
bro
ken
rath
er
easi
ly.
Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak and can be broken rather
easily, but are very strong because there are so many of them.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.02.01 Describe how hydrogen bonds are formed.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry
21. The reason water is polar is because

A. in
pola
r
mol
ecul
es
ato
ms
shar
e
elec
tron
s
eve
nly.
B. the
oxy
gen
ato
m is
larg
er
than
the
hyd
roge
n
ato
m.
C. hyd
rop
hilic
mol
ecul
es
inte
ract
with
wat
er.
D. hyd
rop
hobi
c
mol
ecul
es
do
not
inte
ract
with
wat
er.
E. ther
e is
a
tran
 sfer
of
elec
tron
s
fro
m
the
hyd
roge
n to
the
oxy
gen.

Because the oxygen is larger than the hydrogen, the electron

spends more time circling the oxygen, and therefore, water is
polar.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.02.01 Describe how hydrogen bonds are formed.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry
22. Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible
for the sinking of the Titanic?

A. Wat
er is
liqu
id at
roo
m
tem
pera
ture
.
B. Wat
er
has
a
high
heat
of
vap
oriz
atio
n.
C. The
tem
pera
ture
of
liqu
id
wat
er
rise
s
and
falls
slo
wly.
D. Fro
zen
wat
er is
less
den
se
than
liqu
id
wat
er.
E. Wat
er
mol
ecul
es
are
coh
esiv
e.
Since frozen water is less dense than liquid water, ice, including
icebergs, will float in liquid water.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 List the properties of water.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry
23. On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To
her surprise the water was really cold. Which property of water did
she discover?

A. Wat
er
mol
ecul
es
are
coh
esiv
e.
B. The
tem
pera
ture
of
liqu
id
wat
er
rise
s
and
falls
slo
wly.
C. Wat
er
poss
esse
s
hyd
roge
n
bon
ds.
D. Wat
er is
a
pola
r
mol
ecul
e.
E. Fro
zen
wat
er is
less
den
se
than
liqu
id
wat
er.
Water is a good temperature buffer because a great deal of energy
is required to raise the temperature of water.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 List the properties of water.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry
24. William noticed blood mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube.
This is an example of which property of water?

A. Fro
zen
wat
er is
less
den
se
than
liqu
id
wat
er.
B. The
tem
pera
ture
of
liqu
id
wat
er
rise
s
and
falls
slo
wly.
C. Wat
er
mol
ecul
es
are
coh
esiv
e.
D. Wat
er
has
a
high
heat
of
vap
oriz
atio
n.
E. Wat
er is
a
solv
ent.

Water climbing up a capillary tube is an example of the cohesive

nature of water.
 Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 02.02.02 List the properties of water.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry

25. In an acidic solution

A. the
num
ber
of
H+
is
less
than
the
num
ber
of
OH-
.
B. the
num
ber
of
H+
is
grea
ter
than
the
num
ber
of
OH-
.
C. the
num
ber
of
H+
is
equ
al to
the
num
ber
of
OH-
.

In an acidic solution the number of H+ is greater than the number

of OH-.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry
True / False Questions

26. A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H+ as a pH of 6.

FALSE

A pH of 7 actually has 10 times fewer H+ as a pH of 6.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

27. A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H+ has a pH of

A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9
E. 11

This (0.00001 moles) is the same as 1 x 10-5 moles, so the pH

would be 5.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

28. The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of

homeostasis.

TRUE

A buffer maintains the pH within a normal range which is required

for homeostasis.

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Learning Outcome: 02.02.03 Summarize the structure of the pH scale and the importance of buffers to biological systems.
Section: 02.02
Topic: Chemistry
Multiple Choice Questions

29. Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer

chains (polymers) requires a process called

A. a
hyd
roly
sis
reac
tion
.
B. a
deh
ydra
tion
reac
tion
.
C. mon
ome
rizat
ion.
D. emu
lsifi
cati
on.
E. disa
sse
mbl
y.

Polymerization of monomers into polymers requires a process

called a dehydration reaction.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the processes by which the organic molecules are assembled and disassembled.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemistry
30. Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic
molecules found in cells?

A. vita
min
s
B. lipi
ds
C. prot
eins
D. carb
ohy
drat
es
E. nucl
eic
acid
s

Vitamins are not one of the four categories of organic molecules

unique to cells.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 List the four classes of organic molecules that are found in cells.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

31. NaCl is not an organic molecule.

TRUE

Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen and NaCl does

not.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.03.01 List the four classes of organic molecules that are found in cells.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemistry

32. A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.

FALSE

A hydrolysis reaction involves the addition of water.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.03.02 Describe the processes by which the organic molecules are assembled and disassembled.
Section: 02.03
Topic: Chemistry
Multiple Choice Questions

33. Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called

A. mon
osac
char
ides
.
B. disa
cch
arid
es.
C. trisa
cch
arid
es.
D. poly
sacc
hari
des.
E. ster
oids
.

Sugars with only three to seven carbon atoms are called simple
sugars or monosaccharides.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.04.01 Summarize the basic chemical properties of a carbohydrate.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemistry

34. Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

A. gluc
ose
B. fruc
tose
C. gala
ctos
e
D. malt
ose

All of these are single sugars except maltose which is a

disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.04.01 Summarize the basic chemical properties of a carbohydrate.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemistry
35. What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?

A. Chit
in
B. Glu
cose
C. Gly
cog
en
D. Star
ch
E. Cell
ulos
e

Cellulose passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage

because we are unable to break it down.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.04.04 Explain the importance of fiber in the diet.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemistry

36. Which polysaccharide is branched the most?

A. cell
ulos
e
B. star
ch
C. glyc
oge
n

Glycogen has more side chains than the others.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.04.03 Compare the structure of simple and complex carbohydrates.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

37. The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy

storage.

FALSE

The main function of carbohydrates is for quick and short-term

energy storage.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.04.02 State the roles of carbohydrates in human physiology.
Section: 02.04
 Topic: Chemistry

38. Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.

TRUE

We eat starchy foods, and the glucose enters the bloodstream. The
liver then can store this glucose as glycogen.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 02.04.02 State the roles of carbohydrates in human physiology.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

39. Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that

A. they
are
all
mad
e of
gluc
ose.
B. they
cont
ain
the
sam
e
num
ber
of
side
chai
ns.
C. they
hav
e
the
sam
e
type
s of
bon
ds
bet
wee
n
the
mon
ome
r
unit
s.
D. they
are
all
fou
nd
in
ani
mal
s.
E. they
can
all
be
dige
sted
by
our
bodi
es.
 Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all made of glucose molecules.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.04.03 Compare the structure of simple and complex carbohydrates.
Section: 02.04
Topic: Chemistry

40. A fat contains how many fatty acids?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

A fat, or triglyceride, contains three fatty acids.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Compare the structure of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Chemistry
41. How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?

A. The
y
are
all
soli
d at
roo
m
tem
pera
ture
.
B. The
y
eac
h
cont
ain
a
pola
r
pho
sph
ate
gro
up.
C. The
y
eac
h
cont
ain
only
1
fatt
y
acid
.
D. The
y do
not
diss
olve
in
wat
er.
E. The
y all
cont
ain
at
leas
t
one
carb
on
ring
.
 All lipids are insoluble in water.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Compare the structure of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Chemistry

42. A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon
atoms is considered

A. satu
rate
d.
B. uns
atur
ated
.
C. tran
s
uns
atur
ated
.

If all the carbon atoms are connected by single bonds, the fatty
acid is considered saturated.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Compare the structure of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

43. Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant
origin.

TRUE

Fats, such as lard and butter, are of animal origin, while oils, such
as corn oil and soybean oil, are of plant origin.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.05.01 Compare the structure of fats, phospholipids, and steroids.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

44. The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?

A. ster
oids
B. fats
C. oils
D. trigl
ycer
ides
E. pho
sph
olip
ids

The sex hormones are steroids.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.05.02 State the function of each class of lipids.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Chemistry

45. The membranes of cells are composed of

A. pho
sph
olip
ids.
B. fats.
C. oils.
D. ster
oids
.
E. trigl
ycer
ides
.

Membranes are bilayers of phospholipids.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.05.02 State the function of each class of lipids.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Chemistry

True / False Questions

46. Fats and oils function well as energy-storage molecules because
they contain carbon.

FALSE

Fats and oils function well as energy-storage molecules because

they contain more energy per gram than other biological
molecules. All organic molecules contain carbon.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.05.02 State the function of each class of lipids.
Section: 02.05
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

47. The monomer unit of a protein is

A. fatt
y
acid
s.
B. ami
no
acid
s.
C. mon
osac
char
ides
.
D. poly
sacc
hari
des.
E. nucl
eic
acid
s.

Proteins are composed of amino acids.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.06.02 Explain how amino acids are combined to form proteins.
Section: 02.06
Topic: Chemistry
48. What makes each amino acid unique?

A. the
cent
ral
carb
on
B. the
R
gro
up
C. the
ami
no
gro
up
D. the
carb
oxyl
gro
up

The R group for each amino acid is unique.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.06.01 Describe the structure of an amino acid.
Section: 02.06
Topic: Chemistry

49. Which of the following is not a function of proteins?

A. quic
k
ener
gy
B. sup
port
C. tran
spor
t
D. enz
yme
s
E. mot
ion

Carbohydrates, not proteins, serve as a source of quick energy.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.06.03 Summarize the four levels of protein structure.
Section: 02.06
Topic: Chemistry
50. An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of
protein structure?

A. seco
ndar
y
B. pri
mar
y
C. terti
ary
D. quat
erna
ry

The secondary structure of a protein can be an alpha helix or a beta

sheet.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 02.06.03 Summarize the four levels of protein structure.
Section: 02.06
Topic: Chemistry
51. When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction,

A. a
pept
ide
bon
d is
for
med
.
B. the
R
gro
ups
are
lost.
C. wat
er is
add
ed
to
begi
n
the
reac
tion
.
D. the
carb
oxyl
gro
up
of
eac
h
join
toge
ther
.
E. the
ami
no
gro
up
of
eac
h
join
toge
ther
.

When two amino acids form a dipeptide, a peptide bond is formed

between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of the
other.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 02.06.02 Explain how amino acids are combined to form proteins.
Section: 02.06
Topic: Chemistry
True / False Questions

52. All amino acids are alike in that their R groups are polar.

FALSE

The R groups of an amino acid can be polar or nonpolar.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.06.01 Describe the structure of an amino acid.
Section: 02.06
Topic: Chemistry

Multiple Choice Questions

53. The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are

A. alter
nati
ng
carb
ons
and
nitr
oge
ns.
B. the
R
gro
ups.
C. the
nitr
oge
nou
s
base
s.
D. alter
nati
ng
nitr
oge
ns
and
pho
sph
ates
.
E. sug
ars
and
pho
sph
ates
.

Sugars and phosphates make up the sides of the DNA ladder.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.07.01 Explain the differences between RNA and DNA.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry
54. When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the
following occurs?

A. a
pho
sph
ate
bon
d is
add
ed
B. a
pho
sph
ate
bon
d is
bro
ken
C. oxy
gen
is
rem
ove
d
D. oxy
gen
is
add
ed
E. an
ade
nine
is
add
ed

A phosphate bond is broken when ATP is converted to ADP +

phosphate + energy.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.07.02 Summarize the role of ATP in cellular reactions.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry
55. Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

A. cyto
sine
B. thy
min
e
C. urac
il
D. gua
nine
E. ade
nine

Uracil is found in RNA, not DNA.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.07.01 Explain the differences between RNA and DNA.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry

56. Which of the following is not present in a nucleotide?

A. pho
sph
ate
B. nitr
oge
nou
s
base
C. 5
ring
sug
ar
D. an
R
gro
up
E. a
pent
ose

R groups are found in amino acids, not nucleotides.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.07.01 Explain the differences between RNA and DNA.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry
57. A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide
containing guanine (G). What percent does the nitrogen base
thymine (T) equal?

A. 58
%
B. 42
%
C. 21
%
D. 67
%
E. 29
%

Since G pairs with C and A pairs with T, the amount of the base
thymine (T) would equal 21%.

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 02.07.01 Explain the differences between RNA and DNA.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry

58. ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy

A. carb
ohy
drat
e
bon
ds.
B. pept
ide
bon
ds.
C. lipi
d
bon
ds.
D. pho
sph
ate
bon
ds.
E. hyd
roge
n
bon
ds

ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy phosphate bonds.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.07.02 Summarize the role of ATP in cellular reactions.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry
True / False Questions

59. The function of RNA in the body is to store the genetic

information in the nucleus.

FALSE

The function of DNA is to store genetic information in the nucleus.

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Learning Outcome: 02.07.01 Explain the differences between RNA and DNA.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry

60. ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it is a type
of electricity.

FALSE

ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it can be

spent (like money or currency) to facilitate reactions.

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Learning Outcome: 02.07.02 Summarize the role of ATP in cellular reactions.
Section: 02.07
Topic: Chemistry
Chapter 02 Chemistry of Life Summary

Ca # of
teg Qu
ory esti
ons
Bl 19
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 1.
Re
me
mb
er
Bl 16
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 2.
Un
der
sta
nd
Bl 6
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 3.
Ap
ply
Bl 14
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 4.
An
aly
ze
Bl 5
oo
m's
Le
vel
: 5.
Ev
alu
ate
Le 5
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
1.0
1
Dis
tin
gui
sh
bet
we
en
ato
ms
an
de
le
me
nts.
Le 5
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
1.0
2 Il
lus
trat
et
he
str
uct
ure
of
an
ato
m.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
1.0
3
De
fin
ea
n is
oto
pe
an
ds
um
ma
riz
e it
sa
ppl
ica
tio
ni
nb
oth
me
dic
ine
an
db
iol
og
y.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
1.0
4
Dis
tin
gui
sh
bet
we
en
ion
ic a
nd
co
val
ent
bo
nds
.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
2.0
1
De
scr
ibe
ho
w
hy
dro
ge
nb
on
ds
are
for
me
d.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
2.0
2L
ist
the
pro
per
ties
of
wa
ter.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
2.0
3S
um
ma
riz
et
he
str
uct
ure
of t
he
pH
sca
le a
nd
the
im
por
tan
ce
of
buf
fer
s to
bio
log
ica
l sy
ste
ms.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
3.0
1L
ist
the
fou
r cl
ass
es
of
org
ani
c
mo
lec
ule
s th
at a
re f
ou
nd
in
cel
ls.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
3.0
2
De
scr
ibe
the
pro
ces
ses
by
wh
ich
the
org
ani
c
mo
lec
ule
s ar
ea
sse
mb
led
an
dd
isa
sse
mb
led
.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
4.0
1S
um
ma
riz
et
he
bas
ic c
he
mi
cal
pro
per
ties
of
ac
arb
oh
ydr
ate.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
4.0
2S
tat
et
he
rol
es
of
car
bo
hy
dra
tes
in
hu
ma
np
hys
iol
og
y.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
4.0
3C
om
par
et
he
str
uct
ure
of
si
mp
le a
nd
co
mp
lex
car
bo
hy
dra
tes.
Le 1
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
4.0
4E
xpl
ain
the
im
por
tan
ce
of f
ibe
r in
the
die
t.
Le 4
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
5.0
1C
om
par
et
he
str
uct
ure
of f
ats,
ph
osp
hol
ipi
ds,
an
d st
ero
ids.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
5.0
2S
tat
et
he
fun
cti
on
of
eac
hc
las
so
f li
pid
s.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
6.0
1
De
scr
ibe
the
str
uct
ure
of
an
am
ino
aci
d.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
6.0
2E
xpl
ain
ho
wa
mi
no
aci
ds
are
co
mb
ine
dt
of
or
m
pro
tei
ns.
Le 2
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
6.0
3S
um
ma
riz
et
he
fou
r le
vel
so
f pr
ote
in s
tru
ctu
re.
Le 5
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
7.0
1E
xpl
ain
the
dif
fer
enc
es
bet
we
en
RN
Aa
nd
D
N
A.
Le 3
arn
ing
Ou
tco
me
:0
2.0
7.0
2S
um
ma
riz
et
he
rol
eo
fA
TP
in
cel
lul
ar r
eac
tio
ns.
Se 18
cti
on:
02.
01
Se 10
cti
on:
02.
02
Se 4
cti
on:
02.
03
Se 7
cti
on:
02.
04
Se 7
cti
on:
02.
05
Se 6
cti
on:
02.
06
Se 8
cti
on:
02.
07
To 60
pic
:C
he
mi
str
y