Solution

XII B PRE-BOARD-1

Class 12 - Chemistry
The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each question carries 1 mark. There is no
internal choice in this section.
1.
(c) gem-dihalide
Explanation: Gem-dihalides are dihaloalkanes that have two halogen atoms of the same type attached to the same carbon atom
in a molecule. The common naming system of gem-dihalides (geminal halide) is alkylidene dihalides. Ethylidene dichloride
thus is a gem-dihalide. The chemical formula of ethylidene dichloride is C​3​H6Cl​2.

2.
(d) All of these
Explanation: Phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to give a colourless solution containing sodium phenoxide. In this
reaction, the hydrogen ion has been removed by the strongly basic hydroxide ion in the sodium hydroxide solution.
3. (a) 1
Explanation: A chiral molecule is one that is not superimposable on its mirror image.
2-Butanol is a small molecule with a chirality center. It is the simplest alcohol containing an asymmetric carbon. For a better
illustration, the four different substituents are shown in different colours.
Carbon atom C-2 of 2-butanol carries four different substituents H, CH3, OH, and CH2CH3. Exchange of any two of these
substituents would yield the opposite enantiomer. However, such an exchange does not occur spontaneously because it requires
a bond breakage. Therefore, enantiomers are different, stable, coexisting compounds.
4.
(b) both as nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Explanation: Alcohols as nucleophile: The bond between O−H is broken when alcohol react as nucleophiles.
Alcohols as electrophile : The bond between C−O is broken when alcohol reacts as electrophiles
5.
(d) Pentan-3-one
H
⎛ | ⎞

Explanation: IoIodoform test is given by compounds which have (CH3-CO-) group or ⎜C H 3 − C −⎟ group.
|
⎝ ⎠
OH

Hence, 2-pentanone, CH3​CHO, and C2​H5​OH give an iodoform test. But 3-pentanone (CH3​CH2​COCH2​CH3​) does not give an
iodoform test.
6.
(b)

Explanation:
Benzaldehyde has no hydrogen. So, on reaction with aqueous KOH solution, it undergoes Cannizzaro's reaction. One molecule
of aldehyde is reduced and other is oxidized to carboxylic acid salt.

7.
(c) Fehling’s solution
Explanation: Fehling's solution oxidises aliphatic aldehydes very easily but does not react with acetone and aromatic
aldehyde; benzaldehyde.

1/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir
 8.
(b) Aluminium chloride reacts with Aniline
Explanation: AlCl3 being a lewis acid reacts with the lone pair of -NH2 group of aniline forming an adduct (C6H5NH2+AlCl3)
which deactivates the benzene system hence no friedal craft reaction occurs.
9.
(c) N-ethyl propan -1-amine
Explanation:
This is secondary amine because nitrogen is connected to 2 carbon atoms directly.

10.
(b) Dimethylamine
Explanation: NH3​< primary amine < tertiary amine < secondary amine
This is because:
i. Steric hindrance
The size of an alkyl group is more than that of a hydrogen atom. So, an alkyl group would hinder the attack of a hydrogen
atom, thus decreasing the basicity of the molecule. So, the more the number of alkyl groups attached, lesser will be its
basicity.
ii. Solvation of ions
When amines are dissolved in water, they form protonated amines. Also, the number of possibilities for hydrogen bonding
also increases. More the number of hydrogen bonding more is the hydration that is released in the process of the formation
of hydrogen bonds.

11. (a) Lewis acid

Explanation: The central metal atom/ion behaves as a Lewis acid while the ligand acts as a Lewis base. The ligand can be a
negatively charged ion or a neutral molecule that donates its electron pair to the central metal atom/ion which acts as an
electron pair acceptor (Lewis acid).
12.
(b) 1:2 electrolyte
Explanation: 1 : 2 electrolyte
13.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Haloalkanes react with AgCN to form alkyl isocyanides as the main product while KCN forms alkyl cyanides as
the chief product.
14.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are wrong.
Explanation: If both Assertion and Reason are wrong.
15.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.

2/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: At isoelectric point, protein molecules behave as zwitter ions and hence, do not move toward any electrode or act
as neutral molecules. This reduces their solubility to minimum and thus, helps in their separation and purification.
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are very short answer type and
carry 2 marks each
peroxide

17. i. −−−−−→ C6H5 - CH2 - CH2Br

ii. CH3 - CH2 - CH = CH2 + HCl → CH3 - CH2 - CHCl-CH3

18. i.

C H3

| H2 O2

ii. 3C H 3 − C = C H2 + BH3 −−−−−−−−→ B[(C H3 )2 C HC H2 ]3 −−−−−−−−→ H3 C − C H − C H2 OH

2−methyl propene Hydroboration − |
OH ,− H3 BO3
CH
3

2−methyl propanol

19. (C 2
H5 )3 N > (C2 H5 )2 N H > C2 H5 N H2 > N H3

OR

i.

HN O2 [O] C2 H5 N H2
CH3 CH2 NH 2 CH3 CONHC 2 H5
ii. −−−−→ CH3CH2OOH −→ CH3CHOOH −−−−−−→
Ethanamine N-ethylethanamide

20. i. Carbohydrate which have free aldheyde group and reduce Fehling’s solution an Tollen’s reagent are called reducing sugars.
All monosaccharides are reducing sugars. Disaccharides where the linkage between the two monosaccharides where the
linkage between the two monosaccharides is not through aldheydic group are also reducing sugars.
ii. Teritary and secondary structures of protein is ruptured by heating, change in pH or by adding electrolyte. It is called
denaturation of proteins. Primary structure still remain intact. Coagulation of egg white and curding of milk are examples of
denaturation.
iii. We take oxygen from atmosphere and release CO2. Plant take CO2,H2O from atmosphere to prepare their food in presence of
sunlight and release O2 and thus O2 is replenished in our atmosphere.
21. i. Peptide linkage.
ii. Hydrogen bond, disulphide linkage, van der Waals' forces.
iii. Hydrogen bonds.
iv. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are short answer type and carry
3 marks each
EtOH− H2 O

22. n − BuBr + K C N −−−−−−−→ n − BuC N

The given reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this reaction, CN- acts as the nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom
to which Br is attached. CN- ion is an ambident nucleophile and can attack through both C and N. In this case, it attacks through
the C-atom.

3/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir
23. a. Conversion of N-phenylethanamide to p-bromoaniline:

b. Conversion of Benzene diazonium chloride to nitrobenzene:

c. Conversion of Benzoic acid to aniline:

OR
i. Out of (CH3)3 C-Br and (CH3)3C-I, (CH3)3C-I is more reactive towards SN1 due to the large size of iodine. Also, iodine is a
better-leaving group due to lower electronegativity.
ii. The reaction is as follows:

iii. Dextoro and laevo rotatory isomers of Butan-2-ol are enantiomers. Enantiomers have the same boiling points and the same
physical properties. So, it is difficult to separate them by fractional distillation.

24. i.

ii.

OH
⎡ | ⎤
dil. NaOH Δ

iii. 2CH 3 − CHO −−−−−−→ ⎢CH3 − CH − CH2 − CHO− ⎥ −−−→ CH3 − CH = CH − CHO
Acetaldehyde But−2−enal
− H2 O
⎣ ⎦

Aldol (intermediate)

Aldol condensation reaction

25. The aromatic compound A is benzoic acid C6H5COOH.

On treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound B, which is benzamide C6H5CONH2.
Benzamide on heating with bromine and KOH forms a compound C of molecular formula C6H7N, which is aniline C6H5NH2.

4/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir
 The reaction is called Hoffmann bromamide degradation.

26. i.

N aCN LiAlH4

ii. C H 3 C H2 C H2 Br −−−−→ C H3 C H2 C H2 C ≡ N −−−−→ C H3 C H2 C H2 N H2

′ ′ ′ ′
A −Bu tan e nitrile B −Bu tan a min e

iii.

27. i.

Br2 water

ii. C HO −−−−−→ C OOH

| |

(CHOH)4 (CHOH)4

| |

CH2 −OH CH2 −OH

HI,△

iii. C HO −−−→ CH3 . CH2 CH2 CH2 . CH2 . CH3

|

(CHOH)
4

CH2 −OH

28. i. In fibrous protein, the polypeptide chains run parallel while in globular protein, the chains of polypeptides coil around to give
a spherical shape / Fibrous proteins are insoluble in water while globular proteins are soluble.
ii. Amino acids which cannot be synthesized in the body and are obtained through diet are essential amino acids while those
which can be synthesized in the body are known as non-essential amino acids.

iii. DNA RNA

(i) DNA has Thymine RNA has Uracil base

(ii) DNA has deoxyribose sugar RNA has ribose sugar

(iii) DNA has double helical RNA has single helical structure

The following questions are case-based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries 4 (1+1+1+1)marks each.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Alcohols and phenols are most important compounds used in our daily life. Alcohols are prepared by hydration of alkenes,
fermentation of glucose, reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Alcohols are soluble in water. Boiling points
increase with increase in molar mass and decrease with branching. Alcohols on dehydration gives alkene at 443K, follow
carbocation mechanism. Excess of alcohol at 413K on dehydration with conc. H2SO4 also follow carbocation mechanism but
gives diethyl ether. Alcohols undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, esterification with carboxylic acids and derivatives like
amides, acid halides, acid anhydride. Phenol is prepared from cumene, diazonium salts, anisole, chlorobenzene. Phenol is used to
prepare salicylaldehyde, salicylic acid, aspirin, methyl salicylate, p-benzoquinone. Phenol undergoes electrophilic substitution

5/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir
 reaction at o & p-position. Ethers are functional isomers of alcohols, have low boiling points. Ethers are used as solvents.
Unsymmetrical ethers are prepared by Williamson synthesis. Ethers react with HI and undergo SN1 or SN2 mechanism depending
upon stability of carbocation formed. Aromatic ethers like anisole undergoes electrophilic substitution at o & p-position.
(i) Tertiary butyl alcohol will undergo dehydration faster because 3° carbocation is more stable.
(ii)

Na 2 Cr2 O7 /H2 SO 4 Conc.

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−→
[O] heat

(iii)It is due to resonance in phenol, there is double bond character in C—O bond, therefore shorter than single bond in
methanol.
(iv)It is due to repulsive interaction between two lone pair of electrons in alcohol.
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model which considers the metal-ligand bond to be ionically arising purely from
electrostatic interactions between the metal ion and the ligand. Ligands are treated as point charges in case of anions or point
dipoles in case of neutral molecules. The five d orbitals in an isolated gaseous metal atom/ion have the same energy, i.e., they are
degenerate. In an octahedral coordination entity with six ligands surrounding the metal atom/ion, there will be repulsion between
the electrons in metal d orbitals and the electrons (or negative charges) of the ligands. This splitting of the degenerate levels due to
the presence of ligands in a definite geometry is termed as crystal field splitting and the energy separation is denoted by Δ . The
0

colour in the coordination compounds can be readily explained in terms of the crystal field theory.
(i) The configuration of CO2+ is t 6 eg and for CO3+ it is t 6 The crystal field stabilisation energy is more than
2g 1 2g

compensated for the third ionisation enthalpy. Therefore, CO2+ is easily oxidised to CO3+ in the presence of a strong
ligand.
(ii) i. When Δ >P; t 4
2g0

ii. When Δ < P; t2g3 eg1

0

(iii)t 4
2g
(iv)Fe (III): 3d5

i. Strong field ligand: t2g5 eg0

ii. Weak field ligand: t2g3 eg2

The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an internal choice
31. Answer all the questions
(i)

i.

3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropane
ii. Carbon chain of 4 atoms, -Br at C1 and C4, double bond between C2 and C3
4 3 2 1

H2 C − H C = C H − C H2
| |

Br Br

1,4-dibromobut-2-ene

iii.

3-bromo-2-methylprop-1-ene

6/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir
 iv. When CH3-Br is treated with KCN, methyl cyanide is obtained.
- + -
CH3 - B r + K - CN → CH3 − CN + KBr
Potassium Cyanide Potassium bromide
Methyl bromide Methyl Cyanide

It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Nucleophile CN- substitutes Br-.

v. 1-Chloropropan-2-ol
OR

i.

peroxide

ii. H 3C − C = C H − C H2 − C H3 + HBr −−−−−→ H3 C − C H − C HBr − C H2 − C H3

| |

CH3 CH3

1 2 3 4 5

iii. C H 3 − C H − C H2 − C H2 − C H3
|

Br

2-bromopentane
32. Answer the following
(i)

i.

ii. It is ammoniacal silver nitrate (AgNO3 + NH4OH) solution. It is used to test the presence of aldehyde group as it is a
mild oxidising agent.

iii.

The IUPAC name is 4-fluoro phenyl ethanone

iv.

The IUPAC name is 1-phenylpropan-1-one.

1 2 3 4 5

v. C H 3 − C − CH = C − C H3
|| |

O CH3

The IUPAC name is 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one

OR
i. Etard Reaction: Toluene reacts with chromyl chloride in presence of CS2 followed by hydrolysis produces
benzaldehyde.

ii. i. Alcohols are produced by the addition reaction of Grignard's reagents with the carbonyl group of aldehydes and
ketones.
Mechanism
Step I The first step of the reaction is the nucleophilic addition of Grignard's reagent to the carbonyl group to
form an adduct.

7/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir
 Step II Hydrolysis of the adduct yields an alcohol.

ii. a. 3-methylbutanal
CH3 O

| ||
4 3 2 1
H3 C − C H − C H2 − C − H

b. p-nitropropiophenone

33. Though both [NICl4]2- and [Ni(CO)4] are tetrahedral, their magnetic characters are different. This is due to a difference in the

nature of ligands. CN- is a weak field ligand and it does not cause the pairing of unpaired 3d electrons. Hence, [NICl4]2- is
paramagnetic.

In [Ni(CO)4] ,Ni is in the zero oxidation state i.e., it has a configuration of 3d84s2.

But CO is a strong field ligand. Therefore, it causes the pairing of unpaired 3d electrons. Also, it causes the 4s electrons to shift to
the 3d orbital, thereby giving rise to sp3hybridization. Since no unpaired electrons are present in this case, [Ni(CO)4] is
diamagnetic.
OR
a. The IUPAC name of Tetrahydroxozincate(II) is [Zn(OH) ] 4
2−

b. The IUPAC name of Potassium tetrachloridopalladate(II) is K 2 [P dC l4 ]

c. The IUPAC name of Diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) is [P t(N H ) C l ] 3 2 2

d. The IUPAC name of Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II) is K [N i(C N ) ] 2 4

2+
e. The IUPAC name of Pentaamminenitrito-O-cobalt(III) is [C o (ON O) (N H ) 3 5
]

f. The IUPAC name of Hexaamminecobalt(III) sulphate is [C o(N H ) ](SO ) 3 6 4 3

g. The IUPAC name of Potassium tri(oxalato)chromate(III) is K [C r(C O ) ] 3 2 4 3

4+
h. The IUPAC name of Hexaammineplatinum(IV) is [P t(N H ) ] 3 6
2−
i. The IUPAC name ofTetrabromidocuprate(II) is [C u(Br) ] 4

j. The IUPAC name of Pentaamminenitrito-N-cobalt(III) is [C o (N O 2) (N H3 ) ]

5
2+

8/8
Achariya Siksha Mandir