Understanding Technology Technology Learner- Anyone who makes

use of man-made inventions such as books in

Learners learning.

“It is not easy to understand learners - technology HOWEVER, in the context of Educational
learners,” I must say. Technology, we are referring to TECHNOLOGY
LEARNERS as DIGITAL LEARNERS, a learner
who learns with the use of technology, anything that
Education must cope up with the trends of the world. is digital.
In the same way, teachers and students too must
adapt. Why? Is there really a need to adapt? This In my opinion, there should be no comparing of
could be opinionated, but, we just cannot deny the traditional learners and technology learners because I
fact that even before the advent of technology in believe the latter is just the transition of the other, it
education, schools have already been producing very may even just be a shifting! You may disagree with
good students. Some people may even say, “Learners me, but if we just come to think, no one has ever
now are only smart because they know how to use learned to do anything without going through the
technology, but old times ‘smarties’ are different traditional way of learning. Let me ask this question,
from now.” how did a child learn to differentiate the voice of his
mother and his father? Do you think the mother use
Based on the assertion above, what then are the any device just to teach her child to differentiate her
significant differences of learners yesterday and voice and her husband’s voice? No, right. By mere
learners today? What makes a traditional learner talking to the child, the child gets to learn his
better than a technology learner, or the latter better mother’s and father’s voice – that is natural,
than the other? Are the two even comparable? traditional. Allow me to cite myself as an example, I
learn to read by reading books – traditional; now, I
It is indeed a need for Education as a whole, to adapt read Ebooks at times because they are less bulky – I
to what is in. I cannot say that without technology, a am a technology/digital learner. See? From being a
teacher is less effective but I want to emphasize that traditional learner I turned into a Technology learner.
with technology, teachers’ teaching will become (There are even times that I shift styles because going
better. If teachers will not adapt, there is a big through the traditional makes me learn better than
tendency that students will become passive learners doing the digital way). (I may have answered
and will easily get bore because in the environment differently from the report)
now, everyone needs to do something to learn. If
students will not adapt, they will find a hard time in
school (say, submitting requirements, getting
informed, and accessing information). In the future A traditional learner is indeed different from a
where technology will become a necessity, anyone technology learner, in terms of the medium used. But
who sticks with the traditional may not be able to as I say, the other is just the transition of the other,
understand the language of world (figuratively!). It they may even shift depending on what’s necessary.
may be true that intellectuals have been products of
traditional schools, but human as we are, we change,
we innovate, and we find ways to improve things. The most important question is, how then should we
understand the technology learners? One must go
back to the basic. The teacher must identify first the
strengths and weaknesses among his/her students.
He/she must give activities catering the strengths and
Let me define the following terms: weaknesses of his/her students to develop what needs
to be developed. If there be deviations, that this the
Traditional Learner – basically, a leaner time the teacher makes the analysis leading him/her
who makes use of traditional ways of learning; one understand his/her students.
who studies from books and other second sources of
information.
EXPERIENCE:

Integration of technology in education really

Bridging the
helps. I am a traditional learner but I am also a
technology learner. Sometimes I shift my styles to Generation Gap
cater my preferences in learning. Sometimes I prefer
reading books rather than just read the softcopy of it.
Old generation usually compares their time with
Moreover, it is important for a teaching to new [Link] believe that their generation is
have an understanding of technology learners, what better than [Link] their times,dressing must be
are they and what makes them that. decent and must hide your skin from the sight of
other specially for men,they believe that the manner
I failed to answer one of the questions thrown of dressing is letting everyone now that your a
during the report because I failed to differentiate what respected [Link] is a formal gathering
a “traditional learner” and “technology” is. The and must be held on formal [Link] terms of
question is kind of hard. It’s like differentiating a relationship, old generation value the traditional way
human and papers. It is somehow distinct but I think I of courtship wherein the guy need to ask permission
got the essence of understanding technology learners. first to the parents of the girl he like/love before
Being digital learners, learners construct their own proceeding to the formal way of [Link]
meanings which are sometimes crooked. That is why now, new generation seems to forget
the teacher should be there to assist. this [Link] are more focus on the what’s new
neglecting the values and beliefs of the old
[Link] of the time,old generation feel a
REFLECTION huge gap between them and the
new [Link] terms of technology, old people
The following are among realizations on this tends to feel like “dumb” not because they can’t
lesson: it is not good to compare students with afford to buy new gadgets but because they are old
regards to the type of learner they choose to be. enough to learn how to use the [Link] we all
Instead, a teacher must be the aid of the students in know, as people gets older their neurons and nerves
transforming into learners they are supposed to be, to function becomes slower the reason why its hard fo
be in conformity with the trend of global education. them to learn how to us technologies
The change must not be abrupt so as not to shock the and [Link] well as they said that its hard for
students. them to look at the screen because the letters are so
small and the lights are to bright for their eye sight.

In general,there us a huge gap existing on

APPLICATION both [Link] Alvin Toffler’s book, Future
Shock he shows how information or technology
A traditional learner is indeed begun to create many cultural changes in the
different from a technology learner in terms of the family,societies, businesses, government, etc. Old
medium used for learning. As a future, I must not things are difficult to overcome yet older generation
make any comparison with the learning styles of my must also need to understand that new generation are
students. Instead, I must develop the necessary skills just adapting the culture they born [Link] must
they need to have to compete with the world. Not all accept the fact that we can do nothing about it,for we
students prefer technology all the time, some prefer
all now that changes is a part of life and the only
the traditional. Hence, it goes back to the issue of
thing that we can do is to accept and cope up with the
appropriateness. As a future teacher, I must evaluate
the usefulness and application a certain technology [Link] gap is normal for we all now that
we are not born on the same time.

Preferences of Technology
Generation
 Learning to Do versus Learning to Pass the Test –
The past generation are taught by teachers because
CONTENT: the teachers back then wanted the students to pass the
Only a fool would ever deny the major differences of test – they are basically after the score (although
the teaching-learning styles and strategies of the there is still learning, short-term learning and not on
previous and present generation. There are major the effective learning (one that really lasts for a long
differences even from the media used up to the time – true learning). Now, acquired skill/s is/are the
outcome produced. The previous generation are more determining factor/s of learning. There is much more
into content in every lesson while for now, there so emphasis on the process than on the outcome,
much more in school than just learning but also although the outcome is also an important
developing necessarily values and significant skills to determinant of learning.
cope with the world. These major differences makes
the gap – the “generation gap.” This gap impacts the
teaching and learning process most especially if the Delayed Rewards and Instant Gratification
teacher isn’t in conformity with new trend in
education. Below are the defining differences that – Rewarding learning in the past wasn’t immediate.
contributes to the generation gap. Medals, certificates and diplomas and other objects of
gratification are given at the end. Today, rewards are
immediate – right after the endeavor, the reward is
given say for example. It is only at the end of the
Text versus Visuals – The previous generation were school year that the learner can get the rewards and
into written and tangible materials enriched with gratification of his/her efforts; however today,
illustrations and photos while the generation now has rewarding is immediate, just like after playing plants
broader and greater preference to visuals. The versus zombies, the learner gets to know how well
learners now are mostly visual learners so they he/she did the game.
understand concepts if visuals are used. There are
“not so into” in reading but more on believing and
understanding what they see. They tend to choose
pictures over reading materials. Rote Memory versus Fun Learning – The traditional
teachers obliged their students to memorize lessons
and test memory (which was back then perceived as
“knowledge”) through standard test. Memory back
Linear versus Hyper-media – The previous then was the measure of understanding. Today there
generation learned in a sequential and linear manner is still an emphasis on the use of memory but learning
no wonder learners before are more logical than has become fun because knowledge is not just based
today, they have become reflective thinkers and on memory or perhaps may no longer be on memory,
focused. Today, because of “hyper-media,” the but more into actions and practical applications
learner now gets to access to information easily. It is which yields better learning and understanding
notable that because of the learners’ random access to because it is actual and because the learners
hyperlinked digital information, they are bored and remember things if he/she does it but because the
distracted easily during classes. learner gets to experience the actual thing. Learning
is no longer mundane and cyclical but it has become
“active.”
Independent versus Social Learners

– The traditional way of learning is more on

independent learning; the way of learning today EXPERIENCE:
encourages collaboration and cooperation among I can say that the way I learn now is way to
learners. The trend now is more social and that digital better than the way I learn in high school. Back then
learning is better when it is done in groups. Learners concepts about chemical reactions were made known
can communicate in many ways, in many avenues. to me through books and lectures; at this degree, I get
to understand better because I made it happen and I
witness how it worked. I have evolved from being an Developing Basic Digital Skills
auditory learner (solely) into a visual learner. I now
understand things better. All thanks to technology,
there is a better and faster way of learning. I have CONTENT:
become a better learner. Moreover, I can also attest to In order for teachers to better adapt of the digital
the gap made by technology to the teaching and world, it must be made to know to them the basic
learning process. Some of my teachers don’t use the skills to develop. Of course, primarily, it should be
available materials for digital learning for the reason the 3 R’s: Reading, wRitng, and aRithmetic. There
that they are expensive and they should only be used are six skills essential in equipping the students to
some times. Now, with my learning, I get to ask become successful – fluency skills.
questions: was that the REAL reason why? : Or was
it because my teachers back then didn’t have the zest Solution Fluency – This refers to the capacity of
to learn how to manipulate it: Did my teachers before students to devise creative solution to problems,
fail to fill the generation gap? Hmmm? apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

Learning can be facilitated in many ways depending Information Fluency - This refers to the (a) ability
on the concept being taught. Traditional way of to access information not only in the internet but on
teaching and learning is not bad if it is just employed other resources too; (b) ability to retrieved
correctly. With the advent of digital education, the information; and (c) ability to evaluate and reflect on
teaching and learning process have become better. the validity and accuracy of information and be able
However, the extent and effectivity of this digital to rewrite the information in own words.
education is also still dependent on the
Collaboration Fluency – This refers to the
appropriateness of its application. The gap is not that
teamwork be it virtual or actual, of the learners.
big only if traditional teachers would just have the
There is partnership among learners in learning.
courage to blow to cloud of fear in front of them.
They play important roles in bringing the students to
the 21st century education – digital education. Media Fluency - This refers to the ability to evaluate
Students have become better in multitasking because information from chosen media and the ability to
of the avenue being opened by technology to them, to creatively make one that can also be published.
us. Hence, teachers must be the first ones to leap into
this trend in education so that students will come Creativity Fluency – This refers to the ability to
after. creatively create stuffs.

APPLICATION: Digital Ethics – As a digital citizen, the digital

learner is guided by principles that would help
As a future teacher, I promise to bring to him/her do right decisions. Before he/she clicks,
my students to the 21st century education. I must he/she thinks.
never be afraid of learning what is new. I must never
be the cause of the generation gap. I must make my Higher thinking skills are important to a digital
experiences learning curves so that I may avoid learner. Such thinking helps him/her process
committing gap mistakes. It is important for me too information, create ideas, and solve real-world
to consider the learning preferences of my students problems. To attain HTS, Blooms Taxonomy can be
(whether they prefer the text ones or visuals) but later a guide, it has the following framework: (1)
lead them into employing better ways of learning remembering – recall information; (2) understanding
with the application of digital approach to learning. – explain ideas; (3) applying – use the information in
several ways; (4) analyzing – distinguishing parts; (5)
Howbeit, to be able to this all, it is evaluating – justify stand; and (6) creating – making
important for me to learn and internalize first the new product.
principles of educational technology to do the right
choice today and later generation. EXPERIENCE:

I could still remember the first time I used

google, and that was to search for the lochness
monster. I learned to manipulate the computer on my
own and that was yet I went to high school. As a future teacher, I must seriously aim
Basically, I perceived internet as a source for the development of the higher level of thinking of
my students so that they will get to develop the six
of information. Back then I wasn’t aware
essentials skills to be better digital learners. I will
of all its other uses. But now, I get to make use of activities that will make them solution
acquire said above skills because of the makers, evaluator and retriever of information,
experiences I was let to experience. I collaborative, skeptic (in a good way) in choosing
cannot say that I have acquired all the media, and be model netizens. I must see to it that all
basic skills but I can say that I have these skills are in them and they get to be in
conformity with the trend of the world.
something of them. I am still in the
process of developing all of them.
Evaluation of Technology
Back then, the focused of my computer class was just
to develop basic computer skills. We were not
Learning
molded into becoming fluent in making solutions
using technology or evaluate information from the CONTENT:
internet. It’s totally different in college. At this point
in time, I constantly bombarded activities and It is not only important the learners
requirements that develop the skills. I think, at some metamorphosed into digital learners but also
point later, I’ll get to have all these skills. assessment. Once effective methods of assessment
may no longer be effective now. Assessment has to
evolve! Being digital learners means being evaluated
REFLECTION: the digital way to (in a sense not necessarily
technology is involved, but the method is), Mass
Good for me because even before I went to high amateurization refers to the change in evaluation
school, I already have the prior knowledge on how to approach which implies mass reach of students
use the computer but my classmate who hadn’t had outputs. It is not solely “paper-and-pencil test” but
their prior experiences on how to use computers it’s more on the outcomes. The standard paper test
really had hard times in using it. I cannot say that my proven inadequate in assessing the competencies of
teacher’s approach in teaching the subject was wrong this generation. In this evolution, outcomes that are
but with my knowledge now, I could say that it verbal-textual may be expressed in digital way or
would have been better if there was a “more basic” tangible outputs may be expressed though media
approach in teaching. There should have been projects (video, ppt, multimedia etc.).
repetitive activities and drills to so that we could have
learned better, my classmates would learned the EXPERIENCE:
easier way. There should have also been emphasis on
Even though the standard way if assessing
at least developing our skills to develop media skill
learning is still employed, I can say that my
so that we could have been, I could have been a better
capabilities and abilities are also tested the digital
evaluator of information.
way today. Documentations in our surroundings are
being required to determine whether we really have
developed values that we really need to develop. Our
It is important for the digital teacher to be presentation skills are being tested through Microsoft
able to develop the said above skills so that in turn, PowerPoint presentations done in every reports we
the students get to develop them too. It is important do. Our editing skills as well as our elaboration skills
for the teacher to develop the higher thinking skills of are being tested. It may not be usual but it’s no longer
his/her students because without this, the above said standard tests that are always employed in assessing
skills cannot be manifested. our learning.
APPLICATION: Personally, I could say that I am being
measured not just with how much I know but on how
I apply it too and how I devise ways in dealing with and facilities; and (c) the teacher facilitating the
challenges also. learning. It is the students who demonstrate higher
level of thinking and creativity. These creativity
projects can be achieved with the help of teachers
REFLECTION: equipped with the technical skills. The following
projects are tools in initiating them.
Indeed, assessment has to evolve! In this
generation of digital education, learning is way too
far to be measured using standard test. Although it Resource-based Projects – Here, the teacher shifts
may still be used in content-based approaches but from the sole source of information. Instead, the
learning the digital way takes more than a pen and a students generate their own meaning and facts.
paper, it has to be actual! It is important that the six However, the teacher is still in the process. The
skills must be assessed appropriately because it all teacher determines the topic and presents the
becomes void if assessed poorly. problem, then, the students search for information
about the problem and organize information to
answer/solve the problem. In here, the students are
APPLICATION: encouraged to go beyond the book. Inquiry-based or
discovery approach is given much emphasis in
As a future teacher I must make it sure that
resource-based projects. It is the process that is given
later, my assessment is in conformity with the digital
much emphasis than the product.
trend and parallel with how taught it. As a future
teacher, it should be my top priority to make it sure
that my students’ learning are not in vain just because
I assessed it poorly. As much as possible I must Simple Creations – Students creativity is tested
deviate from the standard test and method of teaching here. Creativity here connotes planning, making,
not unless the topic is so conceptual that I really have assembling, designing or building. It is a combination
to go back to the basic. It is important for me to note of the following skills: (a) analyzing – ability to
the improvement of my students so that is get to distinguish differences and similarities; (b)
know where should stand and what I should do. synthesizing – ability to make connections among
ideas; and (c) promoting – ability to sell new ideas. In
order to develop creativity, the following tasks may
be done: (a) define the task – set up goals to complete
the project; (b) brainstorm – students generate their
own ideas; (c) judge the ideas – students decide
which “idea” is good, what to include and what to
exclude; (d) act – students do the work; and (e) adopt
flexibility – students are allowed to shift or to change
paths for the better.
Higher Thinking Skills Through Guided Hypermedia Projects – This refers to self-
IT-Based Projects made projects. It could be approached as an
instructive way such as making of PowerPoint
CONTENT: presentation or as a communicative tool such as when
students make multimedia presentations.

Web-based Projects – Here, students create and post

This lesson focuses on the four types of IT-based their own webpages.
projects that effectively to develop higher level of
thinking. These projects makes use of constructivist
approach in instruction. Furthermore, these projects
contains the key elements of a constructivist EXPERIENCE:
approach namely: (a) the teacher creating the learning During Edtech 1, we were required to make
environment; (b) the teacher giving students the tools a movie to test whether we have learned how to use
Cyberlink Powerdirector and submit an edited picture Computer has really played a very
as a learning outcome of Adobe Photoshop. We were significant role in educational technology and the
also required to make PowerPoint presentation most indispensable tool for ICT revolution.
demonstrating and employing the principles of Computer-assisted Instruction (CAI) was introduced
effective PowerPoint presentation. Our professor as an approach which promotes individualize
served as an instructor and facilitator monitoring our learning. Information technology is so dynamic that
learning. We were given chances to express our ideas computers used as computing devices are now used
and make an output of it. in the educative process. It serves two major
functions: communication media and audiovisual
REFLECTION: media.
In this information age, the 3 R’s are no
longer sufficient to meet the demand of the world.
There is indeed the need in the development and Communication media – Computers serve as
acquiring of the six skills. It is important to have all communication tool. Internet has paved the way for
of them because absence of one affects all. The this to happen. Email, chat rooms, blog sites, news
teacher must give IT-based projects and activities that services, and movies/music/television room are just
develops higher level of thinking of the students. The some of the avenue for communication.
teacher must bear in mind that in employing IT-based
projects, the teacher must act as facilitator not the
sole source of information. The teacher must develop Audiovisual media - Computers served as media for
creativity in students. multimedia applications for better teaching inside the
classroom, such multimedia are text, sound, graphics,
chart, photos, and PowerPoint presentation.
Educational websites where learners could log into
and learned has also emerged. Not only that it helped
improved teaching and learning process but also
APPLICATION: other institutional functioning such as accounting.

As a future teacher, I must be the catalyst What is the difference between instructional media
for the development of higher level of thinking. I and educational communication media? The audio-
must provide the conducive learning environment. I visual aids that served to enhance and enrich the
must be a facilitator of learning and not the sole teaching and learning process are referred as
source of information. My sources must be varied; I instructional media. Examples are blackboard, photo,
should make use of the Internet, print materials, and film, and video. On the other hand educational
multimedia materials. I must employ inquiry-based communication media is comprised of media of
approach to stimulate my students in learning and communication, such as prints, films, radio,
bring up their ideas. I must not only focus on the television or satellites. These two upon the advent of
output, rather on the process in how my students the microprocessor which also known as personal
would do it so my assessment must be both computer, merged. This is because with personal
qualitative and quantitative. computers, any learner can use it as tool for both
audio-visual creations and media communication.

Computers as Information and The following are some of the programs installed in a
Communication Technology personal computer:

CONTENT:
· Microsoft Office – Program for composing
text, graphics, etc.
· PowerPoint – For presentation In my teaching later, I will employ CAI. I
will exert an effort in learning more about computers
· Excel – Spreadsheet application so that better assist and facilitate in the learning of
· Internet explorer – Access to Internet my students. Even if I am going to teach science
(most likely), I believe that the Internet can provide
· Yahoo or Google – Websites for researching, what’s lacking in my teaching. I will try to deviate
chatting, blogging etc. from the traditional mode of teaching and employ
student-centered approaches with the help of
· Adobe Reader – Graphics/photo composing
computers; I can makes use of Inquiry-based
and editing
approach to stimulate and initiate learning in my
· MSN – Mailing/chatting/messaging students.

· Windows Media Player – CD/VCD player,

video playing
The Computer as a Tutor
· Gamehouse – gaming

CONTENT

EXPERIENCE: In this age, we are bombarded with so many

technologies that can really help us which may even
reach to the point of replacing us in the working
I can still remember my reason why I areas. Computers are among those techs which offers
wanted my father to buy computer when I was young, a big help in doing works in the corporate, industrial
and that was for gaming only. I never really have or educative aspect.
thought there was so much to computer than just
being a tool for entertainment. Now, my computer is
now is very important because it is my tool in making Computer in the teaching and learning process is of
some requirements. There was a little emphasis on great help in the sense that it assists the teacher in
the use and the usage of computer when I was yet in instruction with the advent of Computer Assisted
elementary and high school (although I have Instruction (CAI). With CAI, teachers are relieved
computer classes back then). Making reports, making from some of their works although computers really
PowerPoint presentation, editing picture, making cannot replaced teachers. CAI ensures that
multimedia projects, and many more are some of the knowledge and skills are acquired by the students in
stuffs in do with my personal computer. any computer activity. It helps the teacher decide on
the appropriate learning objectives and plan the
corresponding activities for the attainment of the
REFLECTION: objectives. It also evaluates students by providing
tests. Students in the process learn and apply their
It is important to note that computer is learning. Specifically the computer in “CAI” acts as
more than just a computing device; in education, it is tutor providing the information and reinforces
so much more than just that. It is important for a learning by providing feedback at the end of the
teacher to be knowledgeable of the different activity.
applications of computer. With the knowledge of it,
the teacher can extend the wings of teaching and
learning process. There are more gates of learning Further, CAI provides individualized learning. It
that can be open. Avenues of skill development are enables the students to learn at their own pace.
made available through computers so it is important Lessons that are supposed to be taught by the teacher
for teachers to employ CAI. or learned inside the classroom are integrated in the
computer. Drills and practice activities are provided
by CAI such as simulation programs which teaches
APPLICATION: students for real-life applications. It enables the
students to develop higher-order thinking skills
because they get to decide on matters. It also
develops students manipulative skills (example
laboratory skills, only that it is virtual) since it allows
students to manipulate models in a virtual manner.
However, activities that are provided by CAI should REFLECTION
conform to the lesson that are supposed to be learned
No matter how good CAI is, its effectiveness still
by the students. Moreover, aside from simulation
depends on the lesson the teacher wants the students
programs, instructional games are also provided by
to learn. The teacher has to be present when
CAI providing an avenue learning basic skills such as
employing CAI because there will really be some
spelling or math skills. Another, problem solving soft
things that will not be clear to the students. Though
wares which are a bit higher than simple drill and
the teacher will just act as a facilitator and not the
practice exercises, allows students to learn and
main tutor, the teacher’s presence is still very
improve problem solving skills. Lastly, multimedia
important. The teacher is the TEACHER, and
encyclopedia and electronic books from which
computer is just and aid in making the lesson easier
students access any information be it multimedia
to learn and more fun for the students. Many people
(video, audio, photo) or textual (Ebooks) in form, are
fear that later in the near future, teachers will be
provided by CAI.
replaced by CAI or any tech that is programed to
teach. But this should not happen because it is really
Computers have become an important tool of different when someone REAL teaches you. CAI
teachers in making learning for students fun and less only provides the virtual avenue for learning but the
burdensome. However, computer’s various functions classroom with the teacher provides the learning for
becomes a concern when appropriateness starts. No the real scenario. We don’t live virtually, hence we
matter how sophisticated or updated or new a need authentic experiences.
computer or computer program is, its usage and
CAI is indeed helpful most especially if the real thing
function still depend on the lesson and the expertise
that needs to be learned is not available. Good thing
of the teacher.
is we can now go for the virtual.
EXPERIENCE

I have experienced how it is being instructed by

APPLICATION
computer and then learning. Virtual DNA Laboratory
was one of those. I experienced how it is working in As a future teacher, I can use CAI to make my
the lab because that software lets anyone experience students learn our lesson in a “more fun” way. But I
laboratory works such as isolating DNA and should not forget that CAI is just my tool, my aid in
examining it. In high school, our computer teacher teaching. As much as possible, I will only employ
would just allow us to do our own thing with the CAI if the real thing or the real avenue is not
computer because she was confident that the software available. I can also make use of CAI if I am not
is enough for us to comprehend. Well, it was, and she around when I don’t want to compromise the learning
guided us all the way but I think my experience with of my students. Of course, I understand not everyone
CAI would have been better if she has guided us can have immediate access to CAI since not everyone
more all along. is fortunate enough to have PCs or if the lab is
available, not everyone may be accommodated. With
Since CAI can be found in the Internet, I sometimes
that, I think I will consider doing by group. But if it
visit sites which have that and play along. I can’t
happened that I get to work in a far flung school
remember what site was that but I was able to
without electricity, then I think I will just have to
practice DNA isolation on that site. I think games
introduce the important concepts or if I can look for
installed in the computer are also CAIs because users
an alternative for CAI then I think I should go for it.
can learn and something from them – strategic skills
for example.
 situation, teachers often makes students take time to
Information work individually on work sheets can help the
situation.
Technology in Another option is now presented and this adopting
the idea of developing students to be independent
Support of learners with the end of making them critical and
creative thinkers.
Student-Centered
Learning The SCL classroom

Desiring to gain effectiveness, efficiency and

economy in administration and instruction, schools
in this developed economies have also adopted the
The idea of student-centered learning is not a recent support of ICTs. Their students have now become
idea. In fact, as early as the 20th century, educational active not passive learners, who can interact with
educators such as John Dewey argued for highly other learners, demonstrating independence and self
active and individualized pedagogical methods which a awareness in the learning process.
place the student at the center of the teaching-
learning process.

In this Lesson, we shall see how the teacher can John Dewey has described traditional learning as
expand his options to make himself more effective process in which the teacher pours information to the
and relevant in the 21st millennium information age. student learners, much like pouring water from a jug
In particular, the lesson shall respond to questions on into cups. This is based on the long accepted belief
student-centered learning approaches in the that the teachers must perform his role of teaching so
classroom. From the traditional teacher-centered that learning can occur. This learning approach is
learning approach, practical helps on the designing generally known as direct instruction, and it has
and adapting student learning activities shall be worked well for obtaining many kinds of learning
examined. outcomes.

In addition, suggestions shall be made on how a The problem with the direct instruction approach to
student-centered classroom (SCL) can be supported learning, however, is he fact that the world’s societies
by information technology (IT) have begun to change. Of course, this change may
not be strongly felt in many countries in which the
economy no longer depends primarily on factory
The Traditional Classroom workers who repetitive work without thinking on the
job. The traditional classroom and direct instruction
It may be observed that classroom are usually approach to learning conform to this kind of
arranged with neat columns and rows of student economies.
chairs, while the teachers stands in front of the
classrooms or sits behind his/her desk. This situation
is necessitated by the need to maintain classroom
discipline and also to allow the teacher to control
classroom activities through lecture presentation and In contrast, in industrialized societies we find
teacher led discussions. knowledge-based economies in which workers
depend on information that can be accessed through
Noticeably, however, after spending so many minutes information and communication technologies (ICTs).
in lesson presentation and class management, Desiring to gain effectiveness, efficiency and
students can get restless and fidgety. Often enough, economy in administration and instruction, schools in
the teacher has to lack mange misbehavior in class as this developed economies have also adopted the
students start to talk among themselves or simply support of ICTs. Their students have now become
stare away in lack of attention. To prevent this
active not passive learners, who can interact with student seems to get bored easily because all the
other learners, demonstrating independence and self a talking and ideas are on the teacher and the role of
awareness in the learning process. the student is to listen and pass to the exam. This kind
of set up. the student remember the lesson but
Generally, the new school classroom environment is without understanding.
characterized by student individual to or in groups:
Learning to do is the best way to have a student
 performing computer word processing for centered learning in which student are engage on
text or graph presentation hands on experience to perform activities that will
 preparing power-point presentation measure their skills and abilities. For example is this
blog, none of us know how to do this but as we
 searching information on the internet explore the computer we discover different website
that allows everyone to have an account for [Link] is
 brainstorming on ideas, problems and a first hand experience yet we able to do it on our
project plans as needed, the teacher own and make ourselves discover the different
facilitating instruction, also gives features of our blog.
individualized instruction to serve individual
needs. The only problem in the Philippines are the resources
for hands on activity. For example, in Education
Observably, there is a departure from traditional Technology class, it would be more effective if the
worksheet, read-and-answer, drill-and-practice student has a ratio of 1:1 in a computer so that they
activities. Students also no longer need to mark the can explore and experience the activity but as a
tests if peers since the computer has program for test developing country it is hard for the government to
evaluation and computerized scoring of results. provide a computer that will be enough for all the
students. As a teacher, I must be creative in making
my cloakroom a student centered environment. If the
Given this new trend in teaching-and-learning , it resources are not enough then I must think for an
must be pointed out. however, that traditional alternative that will makes my student learned but in
classroom activities– especially in less developed the same time experiences a new but fun activity.
countries– will continue to have a strong place in the
classroom. In spite of this setback experienced in
some countries, the option has now been opened for
the modern teacher to shift gears to student-centered
Cooperative Learning with the
learning. Computer

CONTENT

Truly, the 1:1 ratio of computer and students is still

Reflection: an ideal to be achieved because even progressive
countries are still in the running in achieving that. But
The k-12 curriculum program brings all the schools
this should not be taken so negatively since it has
in Philippines into a Student Centered environment in
benefits. This situation offers the way for cooperative
which the teacher is a mere facilitator while the
or collaborative learning to come in. Since students
students are the one who explore and discuss the
have to share computers, they also in one way or
topic or lesson. As a student and a future teacher I
another get to learn together with other students and
can say that this set-up brings out the best on every
share their ideas.
student because they need to be competitive to the
other learners for them to be distinguish in class. As a
student in a student centered environment, I need to
do my best to make my report successful and Collaborative or cooperative learning is learning in
effective in which my co- students will learn from me groups to achieve a common goal. However, in order
and can gain knowledge. Unlike in the traditional for a group work to be called cooperative, it must
classroom in which it was teacher dominated, the have the following: common goal – the group must
have a unanimous target so that they can work Therefore researchers agree that the computer is
together towards the achievement of that goal; fairly natural learning vehicle for cooperative (at
interdependence – members of the group must times called promotive) learning.
depend on each other (but not totally be dependent
like leave the task to others) in a manner that the job
is shared and everyone has its job; interaction – Components of Cooperative learning
everyone in the group must interact and participate in
the work; individual accountability – each one must Educators are still wary about of the computer’s role
take responsibility and do his/her job in the group; in cooperative learning. Thus they pose the position
and social skills – members of the group must not that the use of computers do not automatically result
only be interactive but must also know how to in cooperative learning. In that case, therefore, assign
establish and maintain good relationship with other the teacher several task in order to ensure
members of the group. From the prerequisites above, collaborative learning. These are:
it can be said then that not every group work is a
cooperative one. A group of people may do the same  assigning students to mixed-ability teams;
thing in the same place but may have different  establishing positive interdependence;
targets.
 teaching cooperative social skills;

Cooperative learning also has its benefits. This type  insuring individual accountability, and
of learning is active and students in the process are
motivated to learn. Since it encourages group work  helping group process information
there is big chance that students will learn more since
These are in addition to assigning a common work
they can learn from their group mates and in the end
goal in which each member of the group will realize
there is an increase in the academic performance of
that their group will not succeed unless everyone
the students. Above all, the teacher becomes more
contributes to the groups success. It is also important
effective since he/she is also manifesting the other
for the teacher to limit learning group clusters (Six is
functions of a teacher being a facilitator of learning
the ideal number in a group) so that there can be
(since in this approach students learn together from
closer involvement in thinking and learning.
their group mates and the teacher is no longer the sole
source of information). Students develop socially and
personally.
Reflection:

Researchers have been made studies in the learning Computers makes a lot of changes in the teaching and
interaction between the student and the computer. learning process in education in which the computer
The studies have great value since it has been a long becomes the teacher and student partner in learning. I
standing fear that the computer may foster student learned to use computer when I was in grade 6 in
learning in isolation that hinders the development of which I the only thing that I know to do is to open my
the student’s social skills. friendster that I made with the help of my classmate.
When I was in high school, I thought that our subject
Now this mythical fear has been contradicted by true in ICT would help me in exploring the use of
studies which show that when students work with computer in education but there is a 4:1 ratio where
computers in groups, they cluster and interact with in the leader has the only one who use the computer
each other for advice and mutual help. And given the while the member are just observing on what he/she
option to work individually or in a group, the students doing. Based on this lesson it is said that cooperative
generally wish to work together in computer-based and collaborative learning is by small groups of
and non-computer-based activities. Reflecting on this students who work together in a common learning
phenomenon, psychologist this k the computer fosters task, but how it can be a cooperative leaning if there
this positive social behavior due to the fact that it has is only one person working for a group?. This past
a display monitor just like a televisions on set that is few meetings in our class in educational Technology
looked upon as something communal 2, our teacher told us to create a small group in which
we do a certain task in the computer. In our group,
we are free to use the computer/laptop if we want or
if we have an idea on the task, we our group but we
work us one and this is the idea of collaborative
learning in which the idea of a member in a group The Software as an Educational
becomes the idea of the whole group. Resource
As we work, we make sure that we has a common
goal and that is to do and finish the CONTENT
given [Link] interdependence or a mutual reliance
between two or more groups. An interaction between
each member and an individual accountability for the
idea as well as a social skill for us to interact with
each other.

As a future teacher, I must be the one who promote

the collaborative or cooperative learning in the
classroom. It will be successful if the collaboration
starts with the teacher and the students in which the
students are actively engage in the activities. A
classroom is like a small group in which the teacher
is the leader and the students are the member,if the
leader will dominated his group the member will
become uninterested and will not cooperate but if the
leader is open for the suggestion and ideas of
members they can make a very strong tie between When people think of a computer, they think of that
each other and with that there is no impossible task rectangular or square device that projects images or
for [Link] the teacher and the students the teacher shows videos, or they think of a machine from which
must include his/her student in every lesson for them anything can be searched. A computer however is not
to become interested and motivated. a computer just because of its appearance but it is
because of the programs and soft wares that run it. A
computer would just be a useless thing if no program
or software run it. There are two kinds of soft wares:
With computers, cooperative learning has become system software – this is the operating system of the
better because students can work together to come computer built in all computer machines, and
out with a very good output. Students can brainstorm applications software- a system that commands a
and express their ideas through computers. Working particular task or solves a particular problem. An
together in computer makes students interact with application software by the way can be: custom
each other for advice and help. However, computer software – performs a specific task for a specific
works does not necessarily mean cooperative because company or client, and commercial software – for
there are computer works that are better off personal computers performing specific task.
individualized. Hence, teachers should assign
students their task, must be able to establish
interdependence among students, teach cooperative
skills, make everyone aware of their responsibilities, Microsoft windows/Windows is the operating
and of course help the student’s process information. environment between the user and the computer
operating system; this enables the computer to work.
This provides user convenience - a file or a program
is just a click away to run, a new look – fancy
appearance of the computer (borders, streamlined
text), information center – windows puts all
communication activities and configures the
computer for Internet, and plug and play -
configures computer for sound and video. An
instructional software can be visited via Internet or The her can work in on-screen pictures (icons) and
purchased via dealers or software shops. suggestions (menus) to arrive at the desired software.
Windows 95 (now improve with Windows
Whenever people think about computers, they are 2003,2007) is a software designed for Microsoft
most likely thinking about the computer machine [Link], Windows is in itself a self-
such as the television-like monitor screen, the contained operatingsystemwhich provides :
keyboard to type on, and the computer housing called
“the box” which contains the electronics parts and
circuits (the central processing unit) that receives/
stores data and direct computer operations. The User convenience – just click on the file name to
computer machine or hardware is naturally an retrieve data or click from program to program as
attention-getter. easy as changing channels in your TV screen

It’s more difficult to realize, however, that the A new look- fancy boraders , smooth and streamlined
computer hardware can hardly be useful without the text fonts
program or system that tells what the computer Information center- Windows put all communications
machine should do. This is also called the software. activities (e-mail, download etc. in a single screen
There are two kinds if software: icon); adapts/configures the computer for the
internet .
1. The system software. at his is the operating
system that is found or bundle inside all Plug and play- configure the computer with added
computer machines components, such as for sound and video.

2. The applications software. This contains the

system that commands the particular task or Instructional software
solves a particular problem.
Instructional software can be visited on the Internet
In turn the applications software may be: or can be bought from software shops or dealers. The
teacher through his school should decide on the best
computer-based instructional (CBI) materials for the
1. a custom software that is made for specific school resource collection. But beware since CBIs
task often by large corporation, or need much improvement, while web-based
2. a commercial software packages for educational resources are either extremely good or
personal computers that helps with variety what is complete garbage. In evaluating computer-
of task such as writing papers, calculating based educational materials, the following can serve
numbers, drawing graphs, playing games, as guidelines:
and so much moire.

Microsoft Windows
 Be extremely cautious in using CBIs and
‘free’ Internet materials.
Also referred to as a program, Microsoft Windows or  Don’t be caught up by attractive graphics,
Windows for shot is an operating environment sound, animation, pictures, video clips and
between the user and the computer operating system. music forgetting their instructional wort
All called a shell, it is slayer that creates the way the
computer should work. Windows uses a colorful  Teachers must evaluate these resources
graphics interface (called GUI- pronounce “gooee”) using sound pedagogical principles.
that can vbeseen on the computer screen and monitor
 Among design and content elements to
whenever the computer is turn on.
evaluate are: the text legibility, effective use
of color schemes, attractive layout and
design, and easy navigation from section-to-
 section (such as from game to tutorial to videos, music or animations. The multimedia or
drill-and-practice section). electronic devices which are used to make this
information useful are monitor or display screen for
 Observe clarity in the explanations and graphics, images and videos. While speaker or mp3
illustrations of concepts and principles. players are used for music or audio. It can be in form
 Maintain accuracy, coherence, logic of of different contents consists upon text, audio,
information animation, video, etc. There are two kinds of
multimedia, namely linear and non linear multimedia.
 Are they being current since data/statistics When you watch a movie in a cinema, it is kind of
continually change. linear multimedia. You just control the voice and on
& off feature. While movie run without any further
 Are they relevant and effective in attaining navigation control. On the other hand, video game is
learning objectives. the kind of non linear multimedia, which is controlled
through external navigation. Game works according
 Observe absence of biased materials (e.g.
to your instructions.
gender bias or racial bias).

Instructional software can be visited on the Internet

or can be bought from software shops or dealers. The Hypermedia:
teacher through his school should decide on the best
computer-based instructional (CBI) materials for the Hypermedia is a complex term than multimedia. A
school resource collection. little effort will be required to completely understand
its core concept. Hypermedia means converting
Reflection: graphics, audios, videos, text, animation, hyperlinks,
drawings, etc. in hypertext form with the help of a
There is alot of software that can be use in
programming tool or software. Adobe Flash Player,
educational purposes. The use of computer and
Adobe Reader, Adobe Director, Macromedia Flash
software depends on the user if it use in a nonsense
Player, Macromedia Authorware, Visual FoxPro and
things software are just only a design on computers
FileMaker Developer are the tools, which are used
but if it use in a good and with a purposeful activity
for hypermedia applications. There is a special
the software becomes a great part of computer and
language for hypermedia, which is used to make
man invention.
multimedia files to be capable of in operating sate.
As a future teacher, I must practice using the software Unlike multimedia, it has only one non linear
in the computer because in the future most of my medium quality. If you are reading a document or
visual aids will be printed and done using the book on your computer, it allows you to navigate on
computers because digital age are more motivated to any part of the document. It is also the fundamental
learn if they see that the teacher has a creative way of and structural part of the World Wide Web.
teaching and not in traditional that just only using
manila paper, chalk and chalkboard in teaching.
From the Educational Technology I
course,the student has already become aware of
UNDERSTANDING HYPERMEDIA multimedia or an audiovisual package that includes
more than one instructional media (means of
knowing)such as text,graphics,audio animation and
video clips.
Multimedia:

When we talk about multimedia, first things

comes into mind are graphics, drawings, music and Hypermedia is nothing,but multimedia,but
videos and that is right. So, the definition of this time packaged as an educational computer
multimedia, is any kind of computer or other software where information is presented and student
technological information and material which can be activities are integrated in a virtual learning
presented through images, graphics, drawings,
[Link] educational IT applications are
hypermedia and these include:

 Tutorial software packages;

The learner also has a wide range of navigation
 Knowledge webpages; routes such as by working on concepts,

 Simulation instructional games;and he/she is already familiar with .He/she may follow a
linear or logical path,,even if the previous activity is
 Learning project management,and others. half-completed.
The presentation of information -learning
activities in hypermedia is said to be sequenced in a
non-linear manner,meaning that the learner may [Link] of media.
follow his path of activities thus providing an Hypermedia includes more than one media
environment of the learner autonomy and thinking (text,graphics, audio,animation,and video clip)but
skills. does not necessarily use all types of media in one
The flight simulator used train pilots is an example of presentation. Since only virtual learning activity takes
a highly developed hypermedia [Link] that place,it is important from the standpoint of the
is simulates an environment that allows student teacher to optimize the learning process oby
pilots to practice authentic (as is needed to be done in identifying the characteristics of media application,as
the real world) tasks while reducing the load of the well as the advantages and limitations of such an
cognitive mode of learning. application.

Given all its capabilities,hypermedia still does not

replace life's experience and learning from nature and
[Link] is the saying that information and
CHARACTERISTICS OF HYPERMEDIA
communication technology cannot replace the teacher
APPLICATIONS
altogether. Note that even technologists admit that the
There are two important features that are computer has an IQ of zero and depends on what man
outstanding among other features that characterize can input of make of [Link] or "garbage-in,garbage-
the hypermedia software: out"is the very first principle that should be
remembered about the computer.

In the use of hypermedia the following instructional

[Link] control.
events will prove useful to the teacher.
This means the learner makes his own decisions
on the path,flow or events of [Link] learner  Get the learner's attention.
has control on such aspects as  Recall prior learning.
sequence,pace,content,media,feedback,
 Inform learners of lesson objectives.
[Link] he/she may encounter in the hypermedia
learning program.  Introduce the software and its distinctive
features.

 Guide learning,eliciting performance.

 Provide feedback.
[Link] wide range of navigation routes.

For the most part,the learner controls the sequence  Assess performance.
and pace of his path depending on his/her ability and  Enhance retention and learning transfer
motivation. He/she has the option to repeat and
change speed ,if desired.
 Keeping them in the right track and giving
them right instructions in every activity to avoid
misconception in the class. Hypermedia is one way to
Reflection make the class interactive and comprehensive.
Hypermedia provides personalized learning
activities as it helps those slow and poor learners. It
gives activities suited to your learning objectives and
needs. It presents variety of media that will really The Internet
cater those fast and slow learners. Whereas in a
traditional teaching methods, the teacher would take
extra time, attention and effort to help the students
and Education
who are slow in understanding the lessons. With that
it gives teacher a hard time to develop new strategies
and objectives for both fast and slow learners. So, it The internet, also simply called the Net, is the largest
is really beneficial for the teacher to use hypermedia. and far-flung network system of all
It is also then possible for a teacher to let his students [Link], the internet is not really a
search, explore and discover in a traditional network but a loosely organized collection of about
classroom. But with that, you need to provide the 25,000 networks accessed by computer on
student an event to apply the learning, resources and the [Link] is astonishing to know that no one owns
materials as well as much time since the teacher has the internet. It has no central headquarters, no
to take into consideration each one especially the centrally offers services,and no comprehensive online
slow learners. index to tell users what information is available in the
system.

How is everything coordinated through the internet?

Hypermedia is really helpful for both the learner
This is done through a standardized protocol ( or set
and the teacher but traditional learning does not mean
of rules for exchanging data)
no improvement on the student. It is still the best way
called TRANSMISSION CONTROL
for a nation which is not more particular or do not
PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL
find it a need with using computers and information
(TCP/IP). To gain access to the internet, the
technology in boosting their economic status. Let us
computer must be equipped with as is called as server
remember, computers have limitations and
which has a special software that uses the internet
disadvantages too! As a teacher we should facilitate
[Link] develops and still subsidized by
them.
the united States Government,the internet connects
not only commercial , industrial,scientific
establishment but all other sectors including
Application education and its libraries,campuses and computer
centers.

The great atractions of the internet is one the

Before the implementation of the hypermedia
sign up fees Are paid, there are no extra
in the class we should be prepared first and know our
[Link] mail,for example, is free
capacity in handling this new innovation in order for
regardless of the amount
a good instruction to our students someday. Keeping
of [Link] contrast,individuals using the internet on
them in our guidance and also monitor them as we go
their own personal computers must pay ungoing
along the every activity in the class. Hypermedia is
monthly fees to whoever is their service provider.
an aid in our instruction and it is a big help as a future
educator someday and to have a collaboration
between you and to your students.
GETTING AROUND THE NET

The vast sea of information now in the internet,

including news and trivia,is an overwhealming
challenge to whom who wish to navigate In the digital age, we can’t imagine ourselves without
it .Everyday,the net user population and the available internet. It seems that people nowadays depend their
information,continue to grow , and new ways are selves with the use of internet. Students rely with the
continuously being developed to tour the internet. use of internet because it become their partner in
study. Most of the students projects are done by the
The most attractive way to move around the internet use of internet. it is said that today schools are
is called browsing. Using a program called browser, gearing up to take advantage of internet access,
the user can use a mouse to point and click on screen where they can plug into the library
icons to surf the internet, particularly the World Wide of [Link] the students on graders are engage
Web (the Web) , an Internet, s subset of text,images, in the use of internet to do their projects
and sounds are linked together to allow users to and [Link] Internet changes the view of
access data or information needed. education ,it makes the learning more accessible
The future of the internet seems limitless. Already its anytime anywhere.
complexity has spawned and continue to spawn Net I salute those people who invented the internet
sites including new demand for services to business, because they make the learning easy and accessible
indstries , science, government, and even homes. yet blaming them for making some of the students to
Many eroert predict that the internet is destined to become more dependent to the internet and
become the centerpiece of all online communication promote [Link] students nowadays become
in the planet and in some future time in the solar more relax in their studies because they believe that
system using interpkanetary satellite communication that internet is just one click away to provide the
stations. knowledge that they needed.

A view of educational uses of the Internet

Today, even elementary school paraders in

progressive countries like the United states are
corresponding via e-mail with pen pals in all 50
states. They ask probing questions like, “What is your
state’s most serious problem?,” or How much does a
pizza cost in your state? This educational activity
prodded by their schools are paying dividends for
increasing the pupil’s interest min Geography to a
greater understanding of how people live in large
cities and other places in the United States or the
world.

Educations software materials have also developed

both in sophistication and appeal. There is now a
wider choice from rote arithmetic or grammar lessons
to discovery and innovation projects. But the real
possibility today is connecting with the world outside
homes, classroom, and Internet cafes. Today schools
are gearing up to take advantage of the Internet
access, where they can plug into the library of
Congress, make virtual visits to famous museums in
the world, write to celebrities , and even send
questions to heads of states.

Reflection: