DepED HEALTH Quarter 3 Module 1: Global Initiatives to Improve World Health Angelina A. Mojica Scanned with CamScannerWhat You Will Learn This self-learning module makes learning easier as you face the “new normal’ situation, As an educational tool, this self-learning module about important global health initiatives will allow you to understand and discover meaningful and relevant concepts, principles, and values necessary for ‘a healthy and safe living. This self-learning module will provide you with varied activities that will encourage independent and self-guided learning experiences. Included in this self-learning module are lessons and activities on the significance of global health initiatives. After learning this module, you are expected to attain the most essential learning competencies such as: + Identifies some global health initiatives * Discusses the significance of global health initiatives (H10HC-IIa-1) Check and Learn Directions: Write True if the concept is correct and write False if it is wrong. Write down your answers in your notebook. 1. Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunization (GAVI) is a global health partnership of public and private sector organizations dedicated to “immunization for all.” 2. Empowered women and girls contribute to the health and productivity of their families, communities, and countries, and will create a ripple effect that benefits everyone. 3. In the MDGs’ report, the data show that even the poorest countries can make dramatic and unprecedented progress. 4. According to WHO report, globally, the rate of deaths from communicable causes is growing even with GAVI support. vi Scanned with CamScanner12. 13. 14. 15. . Global He: alth Initiatives (GHIs) are h tiatives (GHIs) are humanitarian initiatives that raise and disburse additional funds for global health issues Gender parity and women empowerment were not included in the eight international development goals in the MDGs. - Global Health Initiatives are organized efforts of government sectors around the world. - Saving money is the strong purpose of global health initiatives. . A pandemic disease like COVID-19 is a global health concern. 10. 1. Different health programs in the Philippines are funded by Global Fund. WHO, UNICEF, and Global Fund areworld partners in theimplementation of Global Health Initiatives. WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international crisis. ‘The attainment by all people of the highest possible level of wealth, is the main objective of WHO. Global partnership for development of developed countries with international organizations aim to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases is one of the MDGs’ nine international development goals. Scanned with CamScannerSignificance of Global Health Initiatives In this lesson, you will explore some of the global health initiatives and their significance. Are you ready? Review and Learn Recall the last lessons that you have learned about existing laws related to health trends, issues, and concerns on a national level. Why do we have these health-related laws? We have these to safeguard the health of the citizens in the national level in the same way that global initiatives address health issues of all people in the world. Activity: Laws that Protect Public Health ‘These are some of our existing laws. Put a check mark (/) if the law is meant to save and protect public health and a cross mark (X) if to does not. Write down your answers in your notebook. ve Existing Philippine Laws ‘|v Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 .. Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 ‘Consumer Act of the Philippines of 1991 . National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997 Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 . National Blood Services Act of 1994 . Republic Act No. 10351 of 2012 (known informally as the Sin Tax Reform Bill) 2 |rlalalelolofr|- 9. Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 10. Anti-Child Pornography Prevention Act of 2009 What did you notice in all these laws? How will you relate those laws with the global problems? As you go on with the lesson, you will see the connection of these laws to Global Health Initiatives. 2 Scanned with CamScannerFind Out and Learn What do you think is the relation of thi module? 'S Picture in your lesson in this eovintie <————— HUNGER +. POVERTY. HIV/AIDS ————_» TUBERCULOSIS ———___> + wortaLiry CLIMATE CHANGE —___, ‘——— orsipity MALARIA ee “<—— DRUG ABUSE, Global Crises Are you aware of these global issues? Are we in the Philippines also affected with these problems? Majority of the countries in the world have been affected by these social problems, may they be a developing or a developed country. In the world leaders’ summit, they adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets, with a deadline in 2015, which become known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). They all believe and agree to the most important goal: to save lives and improve health outcomes. How far have they gone in achieving the goals? Where are we now, as far as the prevention and control of diseases are concerned? What about the drug problem, environmental problem, poverty, and hunger? For 15 years, the MDGs drove progress in several important areas: reducing income poverty, providing much needed access to water and sanitation, driving down child mortality, and drastically improving maternal health. They also kick-started a global movement for free primary education, inspiring i is i ir ions. Most significantly, the MDGs countries to invest in their future generations. et ae made huge steps in combatting HIV/AIDS and other treatable diseases as malaria and tuberculosis. ‘i 4 s (SDGs) replaces the MDGs with Now, the Sustainable Development Gove ese es that affect us all new sets of goals. The SDGs are unique, they cover Tis ne nently, They reaffirm our international commitment es | poverty Pieft behind. everywhere. They are ambitious in mal ed a more sustainable, safer, More importantly, they involve us a to oe jumanity. and more prosperous planet for all val initiatives? Let's proceed to Do you want to learn more about these glo our global journey. Scanned with CamScannerDiscuss and Learn e Millennium Development What is It? alth Initiatives (GHIs). GHils arrangements; “they and/or implementing re than one region of Global Health Initiatives and th Goals Global Health Initiatives, Let us first define the meaning of Global He are based on their functions rather than governance are blueprint for financing, resourcing, coordinating, disease control across at least several countries in mo the world” (Brugha 2008: 74) ‘Another definition according to Wikipedia: Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) are humanitarian initiatives that raise and disburse additional funds for infectious diseases—such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria— for immunization and for strengthening health systems in developing countries. GHis classify a type of global initiative, which is defined as an organized effort integrating the involvement of organizations, individuals, and ore rcholders around the world to address a global issue (i.c., climate change, human rights, and others). Based on the definitions given, GHls are organized efforts of different sectors around the world—WHO, UNICEF, the World Bank, Global Fund ted donor governments, new actors including philanthropic trust® and other civil society organizations, and private-for-profit organizations. Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) and partnerships are becoming increasingly significant (Brugha 2008; Walt et al. 2009). They support interventions through global health initiatives with a strong sense of purpose and great ambition and that is to save lives, on an emergency basis. They are out on a mission to improve health care throughout the world. They are partners in addressing global health problems. The World Health Organization a specialized agency of United Nations responsible for international public health takes the lead in Global Health Initiatives. Its main objective is all peoples of the highest possible level of health. With the attainment by Global Health Initiatives’ assistance to different countries and the concerted efforts of each government, world health is possible. Global Health Initiatives and the Millennium Development Goals In September 2000 at t world leaders in history tool he Millennium Summit, the largest gathering of k place at the United Nations Headquarters in 4 Scanned with CamScannerk. Th New Yor! ese leaders adopted the UN Millennium Decl their nations to a ni setting out a series aie Partnership to reduce extreme poverty and Ree eacone ieee peaund targets, with a deadline in 2015, which § the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). aration, committing Pinetree eee oe (MDGs) are world’s time bound and - To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger To achieve universal primary education To promote gender equality and empower women To reduce child mortality To improve maternal health To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases To ensure environmental sustainability @NAASYNS To develop a global partnership for development The MDGs are interdependent; all the MDGs influence health, and health influences all the MDGs. For instance, better health enables children to learn and adults to earn. Gender equality is also essential to the attainment influences, but also depends on, better health. Developed countries and international organizations give assistance to developing countries in different ways. With a clear set of objectives and targets, they plan to achieve a “global partnership for development” by doing the following: + supporting fair trade * debt relief + increasing aid affordable essential medicines g technology transfer. * access to + encouraginy i ir missi ives brought not only new resources, I their mission to save lives oF a ‘and mechanisms. GHIs also brought new challenges to funds harmonization to link global goals with local actions. That is in the fight against disease, death, and malnutrition in the developing world. Scanned with CamScannerLooking back, have we achieved the objectives after 2015? These initiatives have unquestionably done great good. They have saved or prolonged millions of lives. The World Health Organization (WHO) values all its partners in global health, and values their clear contributions to better health. In the Philippines, several health programs and projects were funded by Global Fund. The National Voluntary Blood Services Program (NVBSP) of DOH received support from the Global Fund Round 6 HIV Project. Major Global Health Initiatives Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) were established to tackle increasing global health threats, reduce disparities within communities and between nations and contribute to a world where people live healthier, safer, and longer lives. The GHI’s collaborative work in different countries covers several areas such as: AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, immunization programs, maternal and child health, tobacco use, human resources, emerging diseases, nutrition, health promotion, and health system strengthening. Some of the world health problems where GHI’s assistance is helpful include the following: Disease Prevention and Control ‘The Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunization (GAVI) is a global health partnership of public and private sector organizations dedicated to “immunization for all.” GAVI was launched in 2000, at a time when the distribution of vaccines to children in the poorest parts of the world had begun to weaken. The Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); and the World Bank’s HIV and AIDS programs including the Multi-Country AIDS Program (MAP) collectively contribute more than two-thirds of all external funding for HIV and AIDS-related programs. ‘This initiative is based on the premise that immunization is a key element of public health, a prerequisite to economic and social development and a crucial element in enabling every child to reach his/her full physical and intellectual potential. It has five strategic objectives such as: 1. Improve access to sustainable immunization services 2. Expand the use of all existing safe and cost-effective vaccines 3. Accelerate the introduction of new vaccines 4, Strengthen research efforts on vaccines and related products specifically needed by developing countries 5. Make immunization coverage an integral part of the design and assessment of international development efforts, including deep debt relief Scanned with CamScannerAs a global health financier, GAVI contributes to the achievement of the fourth goal of MDGs, which aims to reduce the global under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Tobacco Control The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), marked the first time that the WHO went so far as to enact its international legal powers to address the problem. In terms of drug control treaties, the WHO FCTC asserts the importance of demand reduction strategies as well as supply issues. It is a treaty to address the health, social, environmental, and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke worldwide. The global approach to tobacco control adopted by WHO and its partners offers a powerful example of an integrated, cross-sectoral strategy. Harmful Use of Alcohol Global Strategy to Reduce Harmful Use of Alcohol The harmful use of alcohol is a serious health problem, and it affects practically all individuals on an international scale. Health problems from dangerous alcohol use arise in the form of acute and chronic conditions, and adverse social consequences are common when they are associated with alcohol consumption. The harmful use of alcohol resulted to the following: 1. It is the third leading risk factor for poor health globally. 2. It can have devastating effects on individuals and their families. 3. It contributes to 3 million deaths each year globally as well as to the disabilities and poor health of millions of people. Overall, harmful use of alcohol is responsible for 5.1% of the global burden of disease. 4, It can seriously affect community life. Global Mental Health Action Plan for 2013-2020 WHO's comprehensive mental health action plan for 2013-2020 has now been adopted by the 66th World Health Assembly. The action plan is the outcome of extensive global and regional consultations with a broad array of stakeholders including 135 member states, 60 WHO CCs and other academic centers, 76 NGOs, and 17 other stakeholders and experts. The four major objectives of the action plan are to: 1, Strengthen effective leadership and governance for mental health 2. Provide comprehensive, integrated, and responsive mental health and social care services in community-based settings Scanned with CamScanner3, Implement strategies for promotion and prevention in mental health 4, Strengthen information systems, evidence, and research for mental health ‘The plan sets important new directions for mental health including a central role for provision of community-based care and a greater emphasis on human rights. It introduces the notion of recovery, moving away from a pure medical model, and addresses income generation and education opportunities, housing and social services, and other social determinants of mental health in order to ensure a comprehensive response. The action plan also emphasizes the followin + empowerment of people with mental disabilities, + the need to develop a strong civil society, and + importance of promotion and prevention activities like preventing suicides or suicidal thoughts. Activity 1: What is the Word? Directions: Determine the words or terms hidden in the logos below and tell something about them that are related to health. Write down your answers in your notebook. D N < F Significance of Global Health Initiatives Global health plays an increasingly crucial role in the security of the world population. As the world and its economies become increasingly globalized, including extensive international travel and commerce, it is necessary to think about health in a global context. Rarely a week goes by without a headline about the emergence or re-emergence of an infectious disease or other health threat somewhere in the world. These threats can easily spread from one country to another thus affecting the whole world, just like our experience with the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Health Initiatives with their funds, ideas, energy, and mechanisms can play an important role in lessening and eventually solving global health threats. 8 Scanned with CamScannerHere is a short background and accomplishment reports of MDGs after 15 years of implementation, The report of United Nations on MDG’s accomplishments are as follows: 1, Since 1990, the number of people living in extreme poverty has declined He more than half, falling from 1.9 billion in 1990 to 83.6 million in 15. - The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almost half since 1990. - The primary school enrollment rate in the developing regions has reached 91 percent, and many more girls are now in school compared to 15 years ago. Gender parity in primary school has been achieved in the majority of countries. 5. Remarkable gains have also been made in the fight against HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. 6. The under-five mortality rate has declined by more than half, and maternal mortality is down 45 percent worldwide. 7. Globally, 147 countries have met the MDGs drinking water target, 95 countries have met the MDGs sanitation target, and 77 countries have met both. 8. Official development assistance from developed countries increased 66 percent in real terms from 2000 and 2014, reaching $135.2 billion. ‘The final MDGs’ report supports that goal-setting, can lift millions of people out of poverty, empower women and girls, improve health and well-being, and provide new chances for better lives. According to WHO report, globally, the rate ofdeaths from noncommunicable causes, suchas heart disease, stroke, and injuries, is growing. At the same time, the number of deaths from infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, and vaccine-preventable diseases, is decreasing. Many developing countries must now deal with a “dual burden” of disease: they must continue to prevent and control infectious diseases, while also addressing the health threats from noncommunicable diseases and environmental health risks. World Health Organization (WHO) also believes that the weak health systems are almost certainly the greatest impediment to better health in the world today. They are the central obstacle that blunts the power of global health initiatives. This weak health system must be the focus of improvement now. Scanned with CamScannerActivity 2: Explain It Directions: Explain your understanding about these two concepts. Write your answers in your notebook. + All the MDGs influence health, and health influences all the MDGs. + Better health enables children to learn and adults to earn. Learn Some More Now, are you ready to show what you have learned from the lesson on Global Health Initiatives? Do the next activity. Can you identify government and other sectors’ efforts to help in this Global Strategy to Reduce Harmful Use of Alcohol? Directions: Do these programs /projects of the government /nongovernmental organizations, existing laws help to reduce harmful use of alcohol? Write In if it helps and Out if it does not. Write down your answers in your notebook. Laws/Programs/Projects In/Out 1. Republic Act No. 10586 - An act of penalizing person driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs, and similar substances, and for other purposes. 2. It is a violation of Philippine law to serve alcohol to anyone under 18 years of age. 3. Ordinance prohibiting the drinking of alcoholic liquor and other intoxicating beverages in all public plazas, parks, roads, sidewalks, and alleys of the city and its barangays except on official functions 4. Feeding program for school children 10 Scanned with CamScannerGe’ What I Have Learned One of the eight Millennium Development Goals is to promote gender equality and empower women. Do you believe that empowered women and girls contribute to the health and productivity of their families, communities, and countries, and will create a ripple effect that benefits everyone? Activity: Analyzing Perspective Directions: Interview three persons with different perspectives about the chart below. Select one of these perspectives and fill it in the flow chart. Write down your answers in your notebook. I think this is because _ Empowered women and girls contribute to the health and productivity of their families, communities, Others think this is and countries, and will create a ripple effect because that benefits everyone. Do and Learn Activity: Convince Them Directions: You have encountered in this module many ideas and information about health and welfare of people. “Immunization for all,” “Health for all” are just some of the objectives of Global Health Initiatives. Your task is to find a way to make these objectives realized for all people. Select one objective and think of strategies to execute it. You can do this by creating a poster that can be used by the health center to communicate to the people in the barangay about this objective. Make a poster by using a half size of a white cartolina. 11 Scanned with CamScannerYour task will be assessed by using this rubric: Criteria * Points Your ability to understand the relationship between health 5 and behavior Your ability to convince through effective communication 5 Your ability to interpret generalization or principles 10 Total points 20 8 Evaluate Directions: Write True if the concept is correct and False if it is wrong. x 9-13. Write down your answers in your notebook. . Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) are humanitarian initiatives that raise and disburse additional funds for global health issues. . Empowered women and girls contribute to the health and productivity of their families, communities, and countries, and will create a ripple effect that benefits everyone. . In the MDGs report, the data show that, even the poorest countries can make dramatic and unprecedented progress. | One of the eight international development goals in the MDGs is to promote gender equality and empower women. . Global Health Initiatives are organized efforts of different sectors around the world. _ To save lives is the strong purpose of global health initiatives. _ An emerging disease like COVID-19 is a global health concern. Different health programs in the Philippines were supported and funded by Global Fund. Essay Write your understanding about the benefit of having the global health initiatives in addressing global health issues/crisis. Write down your essay in your notebook. Scanned with CamScannerRubric Your essay will be rated based on the following criteria: Criteria Points Score Correct grammar 1-2 Total 7 Try and Learn Activity: Watching Video Directions: For additional information about Global Health Initiatives, watch these videos on YouTube. 1. GlobalHealth Initiatives: [https: / /[Link]/watch?v=rlOmBS- LxsQ] 2. Global health: (https: / /[Link]/watch?v=PRyj6htVvUI] Scanned with CamScanner