Policy implications of SDGs
March 23, 2022
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals
Aspirational global targets
55. The Sustainable Development Goals and targets are
integrated and indivisible, global in nature and universally
applicable, taking into account different national realities,
capacities and levels of development and respecting national
policies and priorities. Targets are defined as aspirational
and global, with each Government setting its own national
targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into
account national circumstances. Each Government will also
decide how these aspirational and global targets should be
incorporated into national planning processes, policies and
strategies. It is important to recognize the link between
sustainable development and other relevant ongoing
processes in the economic, social and environmental fields.
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Role of Member States
Set national targets, review progress
78. We encourage all Member States to develop as soon as
practicable ambitious national responses to the overall
implementation of this Agenda. These can support the
transition to the Sustainable Development Goals and build on
existing planning instruments, such as national development
and sustainable development strategies, as appropriate.
79. We also encourage Member States to conduct regular and
inclusive reviews of progress at the national and sub-national
levels which are country-led and country-driven. Such reviews
should draw on contributions from indigenous peoples, civil
society, the private sector and other stakeholders, in line with
national circumstances, policies and priorities. National
parliaments as well as other institutions can also support these
processes.
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Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all
6.1 Means of Implementation
Drinking
Water
6.6 6.2 6.A
Eco- Sanitation International
and
systems Hygiene cooperation
and capacity
Goal 6 development
6.5
Water 6.3
resource Water 6.B
managem quality Local
ent 6.4 participation
Water-use
Efficiency
Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all
Target 6.1: By 2030, achieve universal and
equitable access to safe and affordable drinking
water for ALL
Target 6.2: By 2030, achieve access to adequate
and equitable sanitation and hygiene for ALL, and
end open defecation, paying special attention to the
needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable
situations
Target 6.1: Drinking water
The SDGs include a goal on water and sanitation with
ambitious targets for universal access to drinking water,
sanitation and hygiene by 2030.This calls for a step
change in current rates of progress as part of a wider
effort to ‘end poverty in all it’s forms’ by 2030.
SDG targets were carefully negotiated by member states
using very specific language (universal, safe and
affordable drinking water for all, adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all) with special emphasis on
ending open defecation, needs of women and girls and
those in vulnerable situations
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Target 6.1: Drinking water
These targets have been agreed by all countries and are
applicable to all countries (low, middle and high income).
Individual countries are expected to use them as a
reference when developing their own national targets
How do we make sure we capture these multiple
dimensions of «access» without losing conceptual clarity
and rigour in measurement and monitoring?
Lead: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme
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Target 6.1: Drinking water
By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and
affordable drinking water for all
6.1.1: Population using safely managed drinking water
services
Definition: Pop. using an improved drinking water source
which is:
• located on premises,
• available when needed, and Accessibility
• free of faecal and priority chemical Availability
contamination Quality
Lead: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme
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MDG/SDG
SDG 6.1 Service ladder Progressive realization
Safely managed drinking Improved facility located on premises, available when needed, and
Developed
water free from contamination
Basic water Improved facility within 30 minutes round trip collection time
MDG continuity
Developing
Unimproved water Unimproved facility does not protect against contamination
No service Surface water
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Where will the data come from?
Criterion Household Surveys Regulatory authorities
Availability Is water always available when Reported hours of service
needed from your main drinking (piped)
water source?
Accessibility Is the main drinking water Reported household
source located in the dwelling connections
yard or plot? (piped supplies)
Quality Testing for fecal (and chemical) Compliance with national
contamination in household standards, WSPs
surveys
Affordability?
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Implications for Country X
100 98 95
89
90
80 74
70
58 58
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Improved Basic (<30 Available when On premises E. coli <1 Safely
(MDG) mins) needed (accessible) (quality) managed (SDG)
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Target 6.2: Sanitation and
hygiene
By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open defecation,
paying special attention to the needs of women and girls
and those in vulnerable situations
6.2.1: Population using safely managed sanitation
services including a handwashing facility with soap and
water
Definition: Pop. using an improved sanitation facility
which is: Accessibility
• not shared with other households and where
Quality
• excreta are safely disposed in situ or
• transported and treated off-site
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MDG/SDG Service ladder Progressive realization
SDG 6.2
Private improved facility where faecal
wastes are safely disposed on site or
Developed
Safely managed sanitation
transported and treated off-site; plus a
handwashing facility with soap and water
Improved facility which separates excreta
Basic sanitation
from human contact (private)
MDG continuity
Improved facility which separates excreta
Shared sanitation
Developing
from human contact (shared with other hh)
Unimproved facility does not separate
Unimproved sanitation
excreta from human contact
No service Open defecation
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Containment Emptying Transport Treatment End-use/disposal
27%
Offsite
sanitation
Basic sanitation (BAP)
33%
Onsite 6%
sanitation:
Septic
tanks, pit
latrines,
VIPS, and
other
systems
Shared
services
Unimproved
services
SDG 6.2 Sanitation Ladder for Peru
No sanitation
services Safely managed services (SMaSS) 33%
Basic services (BSS = BAP - SMaSS) 41%
Country Y Shared services (SHS) 9%
6% 11% 9%
41% Unimproved services (USS) 11%
Source:
No sanitation services (NSS) 6%
Where will the data come from?
Household surveys Regulatory authorities
Fecal wastes reach a treatment plant
Sewer connections and adequately treated before
discharge
Septic tanks
Fecal wastes emptied and treated
- fecal wastes safely
off-site
stored on site, or
Latrines
Fecal wastes emptied and treated
– fecal wastes safely
off-site
stored on site, or
Country Y
Latrines
Septic tanks
Sewered
83 74
74 33
33 2 35
35
65
62
27 27
11
8 4
7 4 4
2 0
2 4
Improved + shared Improved Treated offsite Treated onsite Safely managed
sanitation services
Target 6.2: Sanitation and hygiene
By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all, and end open
defecation, paying special attention to the needs of
women and girls and those in vulnerable situations
Population using safely managed sanitation services including
a handwashing facility with soap and water
Standard question in MICS and DHS since 2009
Accessibility
• Observation by survey teams
Availability
• Data available from 50+ countries
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Between countries
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Within and among countries
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Between urban and rural
Population practising open defecation in urban and rural areas, 2012
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Monitoring 6.3 (WHO, UN-Habitat, UNEP)
6.3.1. Wastewater 6.3.2. Ambient Water
treatment Quality
• Ratio: safely treated / total • Key water bodies
• Multi-sectoral • Water Quality Index
• Domestic wastewater • Total dissolved solids
(sewage + faecal sludge) • Dissolved O2
Drawn from 6.2.1 • Dissolved inorganic N
• Hazardous industrial wastes • Dissolved inorganic P
(point sources)
• E. coli
• Data from:
• JMP, AQUASTAT, IB-NET (domestic
• Multiple rungs
wastewater) • # of noncompliant parameters,
WQ index, more parameters
• National inventories of industries
(hazardous wastes) • Data from GEMS/Stat (in situ and
modeled), OECD, remote sensing
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Monitoring 6.4 (FAO-AQUASTAT+)
6.4.1* Efficiency 6.4.2* Water stress
• Ratio: value added to volume • Ratio: total freshwater withdrawn
water used to total renewable resources
• Change over 3-5 year period • Reserving environmental water
requirements
• Multi-sectoral
• Multi-sectoral
• Agricultural
• Agricultural
• Industrial
• Industrial
• Energy
• Municipal supply
• Municipal supply
• Data from AQUASTAT (including
• Data from AQUASTAT (including
national sources)
national sources), World Energy
Outlook, IB-NET …
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Monitoring 6.5 and 6.6 (UNEP+)
6.5.1* IWRM 6.6.1* Ecosystems
implementation • Percentage of change in water-
• Composite indicator related ecosystems extent
• Policies overtime
• Institutions • Wetlands, forests and drylands
• Management tools • Wetlands: marshes, fens, swamps,
ponds, lakes, rivers, aquifers…
• Financing
• Extent, (Quantity, Quality, Status)
• Equal weighting,
score 0-100 • Data from ground data + Earth
Observations
• Data from national surveys
completed by ministries and • Reporting on UNEP-Live platform
consultations
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