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Understanding RFM and Mr in Chemistry

The relative formula mass (Mr) of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses (Ar) of the atoms in its chemical formula. To calculate Mr: 1) Determine the number of atoms of each element in the formula 2) Add the Ar values for each atom present For example, the Mr of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 44, which is calculated as the Ar of 1 C atom (12) plus the Ar of 2 O atoms (2 * 16). Like Ar values, Mr values have no units as they are relative masses.

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66 views5 pages

Understanding RFM and Mr in Chemistry

The relative formula mass (Mr) of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses (Ar) of the atoms in its chemical formula. To calculate Mr: 1) Determine the number of atoms of each element in the formula 2) Add the Ar values for each atom present For example, the Mr of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 44, which is calculated as the Ar of 1 C atom (12) plus the Ar of 2 O atoms (2 * 16). Like Ar values, Mr values have no units as they are relative masses.

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lucy
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RFM/Mr

The relative formula mass of a substance made up of molecules is the sum of the relative
atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula.

Relative formula mass has the symbol, Mr. To calculate the Mr for a substance:

1. work out how many atoms of each element there are in the chemical formula
2. add together the Ar values for all the atoms of each element present
For example, the formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. It consists of one carbon atom (Ar = 12)
and two oxygen atoms (Ar = 16):

Mr of CO2 = 12 + 16 + 16 = 44

It could also be calculated this way:

Mr of CO2 = (1 × 12) + (2 × 16) = 12 + 32 = 44

Like Ar values, Mr values are just numbers. They have no units because they
are relative masses.

Ar
The top number on our periodic table
Percentage yield
Actual yield (What you get)

Theoretical yield (What you would get in a perfect world)


Then times by 100
Reasons why you might not get the theoretical
[Link] might not all react (Some of the mixture will still be reactants or it’s a
reversible)
[Link] react to produce a different product
[Link] some of the product during the process
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Moles
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Reacting masses

[Link]
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Percentage Composition
[Link]
Empirical formula

[Link]
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Water of crystallisation

• Water of crystallisation is when some compounds can form crystals which


have water as part of their structure
• A compound that contains water of crystallisation is called a hydrated compound
• The water of crystallisation is separated from the main formula by a dot when
writing the chemical formula of hydrated compounds
o Eg. hydrated copper(II) sulfate is CuSO4∙5H2O
• A compound which doesn’t contain water of crystallisation is called an anhydrous
compound
o Eg. anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is CuSO4
• The conversion of anhydrous compounds to hydrated compounds is reversible by
heating the hydrated salt
[Link]
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Limiting reagents
The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that gets consumed first in a
chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed. The amount of
product that can be formed based on the limiting reactant is called the theoretical yield. In
reality, the amount of product actually collected, known as the actual yield, is almost always
smaller than the theoretical yield. The actual yield is usually expressed as a percent yield,
which specifies what percentage of the theoretical yield was obtained.
[Link]

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