SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PART 1)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 5

Q. 1. (A) 

(i) (A)

(ii) (C)

(iii) (B)

(iv) (C)

(v) (D)
Q. 1. (B)

(i) Nitrogen. (The others are inert gases.)

(ii) Anomalous behaviour of water : Cracking of rocks

(iii) True

(iv) (a) rods and (b) cones

(v) Regelation

Q. 2. (A)

(i) (1) The motion of a body falling in air is accelerated due to the earth’s gravitational

force on the body. The force due to buoyancy of air acts on the body in the
upward direction. Thus, it opposes the downward motion of the body. As the
body falls, the friction with air opposes its motion.

(2) This opposition due to air depends on the size, shape, density and velocity
of the body. It is greater for a feather than for a stone. Hence, the stone has
greater downward acceleration than the feather. Therefore, the stone reaches
the ground earlier than the feather though they are released simultaneously
from the same height.

(ii) 
(1) In cold countries, in winter, the temperature of the atmosphere falls below
0 °C. When the temperature of water falls below 4 °C, it expands. Hence the
water in pipes expands. Even if ice is formed, there is an increase in the
volume.

(2) As there is no room for expansion, water or ice exerts a large pressure on
the pipes. Hence, the pipelines carrying water burst.

(iii) (1) Most of the carbon compounds lack ionic bonds.

(2) The chemical bonds in carbon compounds do not produce ions. Ions carry
electric charge. Hence, carbon compounds are bad conductor of electricity.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)] 1
Q. 2. (B)
(i) Newland’s law of octaves : This law states that when the elements are arranged

in the order of their increasing atomic masses, every eighth element has
properties similar to those of the first.
Example : If the first 21 elements, except inert gases, are arranged in the order

of their increasing atomic masses, we have octaves as given hereafter :
H Li Be B C N O
F Na Mg Al Si P S
CI K Ca Cr Ti Mn Fe

It is found that Na is the eighth element from Li and both of them have similar
properties.

(ii) Solution : Data : I  0.2A, R  60 ,

t  3 minutes  3  60 s  180  s, H  ?

H  I2Rt
 (0.2A)2  60   180 s
 0.04  60  180
 4  6  18  432 J.

Heat produced  432 joules.

(iii) Dispersion of light :

(1) The process of separation of light into its component colours while passing
through a medium is called dispersion of light.
(2) When white light passes through a glass prism, it spreads out into a band of
different colours ( components ) called the spectrum of light. The colours in
the spectrum of white light are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and
red.
(3) Formation of a rainbow is an example of dispersion of light in nature. In this
case, raindrops are responsible for dispersion of sunlight.
(4) 
Dispersion takes place because the refractive index of a material such as
glass or water, is different for different colours.
Heat
(iv) (a) 4Al  3O2 ¾® 2Al2O3
(b) Mg  2HCl ¾® MgCl2  H2
(v) Type of Satellite Function of the satellite
(i) Provides the real time information about the
(a) E
 arth – observation
earth.
satellite
(ii) Collects the information about the resources.
(b) Military satellite Helps to monitor movement of enemy countries.
(c) Broadcasting Transmit various radio and television programmes
satellites and even live programmes from any place.

2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]
Q. 3.

(i) Solution : Data : v  3  10 4 m/s, r  1.5  1011 m

Centripetal acceleration of the earth,

v2 (3  104 m/s)2 3  3
a     10  3 m/s2
r 1.5  1011 m 1.5

 6  10  3 m/s2
It is directed towards the centre of the sun.
(ii)

Elements Formula Physical state

Fluorine F2 Gas

Chlorine Cl2 Gas

Bromine Br2 Liquid

Iodine I2 Solid

(iii) (a) BaSO4(aq)  K2CrO4 ¾® BaCrO4   K2SO4(aq).

(b) Products are Barium chromate (BaCrO4) and Potassium sulphate (K2SO4).

(c) This reaction is a double displacement reaction.

(iv) (a) In this reaction, oxidation of Mg takes place.

(b) In this reaction, reduction of Ag2O takes place.
(c) In this reaction, reduction of NiO takes place and oxidation of H2 takes place.
(v) a : Incident ray

b : Refracted ray

c : Emergent ray

(vi) (a) Defect of the eye is hypermetropia. (farsightedness).

(b) Hypermetropia is corrected using a suitable convex lens.
(c) Possible reasons of hypermetropia : (1) The curvature of the cornea and the
eye lens decreases. Hence, the converging power of the eye lens becomes less.
(2) The distance between the eye lens and retina decreases (relative to the
normal eye) and the focal length of the eye lens becomes very large due to the
flattening of the eyeball.
(vii) Different methods to prevent corrosion of metals are as under :

(1) Corrosion of a metal can be prevented if the contact between metal and air is
cut off.
(2) Corrosion of a metal is prevented by coating with something which does not
allow moisture and oxygen to react with it.
(3) A layer of oil or paint or grease is applied on the surface of a metal to prevent
corrosion. The rusting or corrosion of iron can be prevented by this method.

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 (4) Corrosion is also prevented by coating a corrosive metal with a noncorrosive
metal. Galvanising, tinning, electroplating, anodizing and alloying are the
different methods in which a metal is coated with a noncorrosive metal to
prevent corrosion.

(viii) Consider a satellite that revolves around the earth in the equatorial plane, at
35780 km from the earth’s surface, in the same sense as the earth’s revolution and
has a period of 24 hours which is the same as that of the earth’s rotation. Such
a satellite appears stationary when observed from the earth. Hence, it is called a
geostationary satellite.

Q. 4.

 (i) (a) Electric motor.

(b) Fleming’s left hand rule.

Fleming’s left hand rule : The left hand thumb, index finger and middle finger

are stretched so as to be perpendicular to each other. If the index finger is in the

direction of the magnetic field, and the middle finger points in the direction of

the current, then the direction of the thumb is the direction of the force on the

conductor.

(c) (1) It is used in a fan and a washing machine.

(2) Used in an electric car, electric lift and electric train.

(ii) Functional group :

(1) The compound acquires specific chemical properties due to these hetero atoms or
the groups of atoms that contain hetero atoms, irrespective of length and nature
of the carbon chain in that compound. Therefore these hetero atoms or groups of
atoms containing hetero atoms are called the functional groups.

(2) Example : Methyl alcohol, acetic acid.

(3) In methane (CH4), when one hydrogen atom is replaced by an – OH group, methyl
alcohol (CH3OH), is formed. The – OH is known as the alcoholic functional group.

  Similarly, from methane (CH4) when one hydrogen atom is replaced by – COOH
group, acetic acid (CH3COOH) is formed. The – COOH group is known as the
carboxylic acid functional group.

(4) 
The functional group – CHO is present in aldehyde and the functional group
O

 C  is present in ketone.

4 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 1)]