CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGPY

3.0 Introduction
This chapter will present the methods and procedures that will carry out this study. Chapter
covers the following titles: operational definitions, research type and research approaches,
sample design, sampling technique, sources of data, data collection technique, data analysis and
ethical considerations.

3.1 Operational definitions.

Small Business: is a business that employs a small number of workers and does not have a high
volume of sales. Such enterprises are generally privately owned and operated sole
proprietorships, corporations or partnerships. The legal definition of a small-scale enterprise
varies by industry and country.

Strategic planning: Hough, Gamble, Strickland, & Thompson. (2008), defined strategic
planning as putting together an action plan for running the business and conducting operations

3.2 Research type

The study will use a descriptive research design. Descriptive studies are non-experimental
researches or cross sectional study design that describes the characteristics of a particular
individual, or of a group. It deals with the relationship between variables, testing of hypothesis
and development of generalizations and use of theories that have universal validity. It also
involves events that have already taken place and may be related to present conditions (Kothari,
2004). Is an appropriate choice when the research aim is to identify characteristics, frequencies,
trends, correlations, and categories (McCombes, 2019).

3.3 Research Approaches

The research approach is a plan and procedure that consists of the steps of broad assumptions
to detailed methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. It is, therefore, based on
the nature of the research problem being addressed (Chetty, 2016). The researcher will use for
this study in mixed approach. The researcher will choose this method as mixed methods research
is a research design with philosophical assumptions as well as methods of inquiry. As a
methodology, it involves philosophical assumptions that guide the direction of the collection and
analysis of data and the mixture of qualitative and quantitative data in a single study or series of
studies. Its central premise is that the use of quantitative and qualitative approaches in
combination provides a better understanding of research problems that either approach alone
(Cameron, 2015).

3.4 Sample design

Sampling is a process used in statistical analysis in which a predetermined number of
observations are taken from a larger population, the chosen sample should be a fair
representation of the entire population. When taking a sample from a larger population, it is
important to consider how the sample is chosen. To get a representative sample, it must be drawn
randomly and encompass the whole population (Tuovila, 2020). The sample design will provide
information on the target and final sample sizes, and the sample selection methodology.

3.4.1 Population
The target population of this study will be 70 and they are the managers and employees of small
business organizations in Hargeisa Somaliland, The research area will be 26 June district,
Ibrahim kood-buur , and Mohamed Mooge district because it is where the most people are live
and the most businesses are taking place, the small business organizations have been selected
because they are facing risk problems for providing goods or services to their customers and
Also, small businesses are the most business that fail in the first five years but it is the easiest
business that the people capable to start.

3.4.2 Sample Size

In view of the nature of the target population where the number for both managers and
employees of small business are many, a sample will be taken from each category of the
population. Table 1 below shows the respondents of the study with the following categories:
district, target population and sample size. The Slovene’s formula is used to determine the
minimum sample size.
 N 2 70
n¿ = 2
= 60 Sample size.
1+ N ( e ) 1+ 70 ( 0.05 )

N= Population

n= Sample Size

e= Marginal error

3.4.3 Sample techniques

This study will utilize probability and non-probability sampling particularly simple random
sampling technique and purposive technique. Probability sampling method will use because it
ensures that each number of target population to has an equal and indepdent chance of being
include in the sample while non-probability enables the researcher to squeeze a lot of
information out of the collected data.

3.5 Sources of data

The researcher gathered data from both primary and secondary data sources.

3.5.1 Primary Data Sources

Primary data the researcher will collect the respondents of selected people of the sample size by
using main gathering instruments known as questionnaire and interview.

3.5.2 Secondary Data Sources

Secondary data collection will obtaine from reading related literatures from different areas such
as dissertations, text books, the internet and other materials (such as academic journals,
newspapers, e.t.c) and it boosted up the usefulness to the study. Besides, the researcher will use
the secondary data in the literature review..

3.6 Data collection instruments

Close Ended Questionnaire

The researcher will use close ended questionnaire, the primary data collection method explored
the originality of data through gathering information relevant to the study (Storey & William
Kelleher 1999).. According to Best and Kahn (2006), questionnaire was used when factual
information is desired. To measure leadership styles, the standardized questionnaire namely the
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), by Bass and Avolio, (1995).

3.6.2. Interview
The researcher will use structured interview to capture data from the respondents, the interview
will be planned to capture face to face basis. The researcher will try to take notes during course
of interview, interview will incorporated in this study so as to capture information that could
have not been properly captured in the questionnaire.

3.7. Data Presentation Tools

The researcher will present from his/her study by using Charts, and Figures from the study.
3.8. Data analysis and Interpretation
Data analysis and interpretations is the process of ordering, structured and giving meaning to the
collected raw data. Thus the researcher will use content analysis to analyze qualitative data and
descriptive analysis to analyze quantitative data by using SPSS.

3.9. Ethical Consideration

In this study the researcher will consciously consider ethical issues in seeking permission,
avoiding deceptions, maintaining confidentiality, respecting the privacy, and protecting the
anonymity of respondents that encountered during the study. Thus, to collect data, the researcher
received support letter from Civil Service Institute, Department of Accounting and Finance about
the research topic and asked permission from the administrative bodies of Darasalam Bank to
conduct the research.
Besides to this, the researcher will tell the purpose of the study to the respondents and ensured
voluntary participation, as it is only for academic purpose with full confidentiality. The cover
letter of the questionnaire was included the purpose of the study and about confidentiality and
necessary instructions for respondents. In addition to these, anonymity was ensured when writing
reports.
3.10. Limitations of study
There will be various a limitations in the course of conducting thesis book, below there are
several limitations of the study
Language barrier: one the crucial challenge in which the researcher comes across is language
and this led to researcher to translate the reply question into English

lack of research unit: Somaliland has not any research unit and statistics so that the researcher
face lack of exact and appropriate information which is the base on this study

Uncooperative respondents the respondent may not willing to share information due to afraid
to give the exact reliable information