Highlights of Each Period Highlights of Each Civilization

Age / Period Highlights India China Middle East African Mesoamerican

Stone Age • Period of weapons made up of stone, wood, bone • Hinduism • Large silk • Rise of Islam • Salicylic acid • Cultivation of
➢ Paleolithic • Longest phase of human history Brahma, producer • Promoted • Extracts cacao, corn,
• Evolution from ape-like creature to true Homo sapiens Vishnu, • Bronze translation of against beans, chili,
• Hunting and harvesting as means for survival Shiva production Greek bacteria tomato,
• Hunter-gatherers / people migrate from one place to • Buddhism more philosophy • Vaccination squash
another • Ruler, Suits sophisticated and science • Autopsy • Domestication
 Lower Paleolithic • Marked the age of human evolution game (card • Confucianism • Cradle of • Bullet of dog and
• Development of simple tools game), • Paper, Civilization removal turkey
• Stone Choppers by Australopithecus Diamond Compass, • Exploration in: • Skin grafting • Cotton plants
mining, Ink, Gunpowder, Mathematics, • Filling of and rubber
• Stone tools made by Home erectus
Flushing Guns, Astronomy, dental trees
 Middle Paleolithic • Neanderthal man existed
Toilets cannons, Medicine, cavities • Chinampas
• Use of fire, stone tools or flake types for hunting, bone
• Math: Mechanical Pharmacology, • False teeth • Irrigation
implements as needles
Fibonacci clock, Animal Optics, • Anesthesia techniques
• Use of body coverings from animal furs and skin Numbers, harness,
Chemistry, • Tissue • First to create
 Upper Paleolithic • Homo sapiens (Cro-magnon man, Grimaldi) existed Decimal Water power calendars
• Known for communal hunting, extensive fishing, Physics cauterization
System, system
supernatural beliefs, cloth sewing, sculpture Quadratic
• Pit houses as the first manmade dwellings Formula,
• Rise of Paleolithic art zero
➢ Mesolithic • Fishing along rivers and lake shores, make pottery, and
use of bow Information Age
• Stone tools known as microliths Pre-Gutenberg Gutenberg Post-Gutenberg
➢ Neolithic • Based primarily on Agriculture
• Books were written and • Rise of printed books, • Emergence of internet
• Characterized by wide domestication of plants and produced by hands mass communication, and WWW
animals, use of stone tools, and pottery and weaving in
• Use of surfaces like clay, and mediated channels • Paved was to uploading,
numerous settled villages
wax, papyrus, and • Printed books were first downloading of all forms
Bronze Age • Tools and weapons were made with copper and bronze parchment written in Latin of media
• Smelting process – Temperature >1000°C used to shape
bronze and copper
• Increase in technology: wheel was developed and plows
Digital Age
being used in agriculture were driven by ox Computers Internet World wide web E-mails
• Bronze = tin+copper Designed for Mostly used by For commercial Messages are
Iron Age • Smelting process – Temperature>1500°C computations, math scientists to purposes: used by exchanged between
calculations, and communicate with companies in order people from
• Structure became more permanent.
simple decision- other scientists to promote or sell different locations at
• Use of iron sickles and plow tips in farming
making capabilities their products a faster rate
Dark Age • No scientific accomplishments; intellectual darkness
• Time of violence
• Sicknesses are the result of sin, destiny, astral
influences.
High Middle Age • Education: 3 courses: Medicine, law, theology
• Medicine: sicknesses spread from person to person,
lifestyle has an effect on health, some people were more
prone to illness than others
Science & Technology in the Philippines • Support for scientific research and development
• Geographically scattered autonomous communities • Several state and private universities were established resulting
(Barangays) to increased number of college graduates
• Homo sapiens believed to be the early settlers, came from • National Science Development Board (NSDB) – Science Act of
mainland Asia → Palawan to Batangas Independence 1958 (RA 2067)
• Early settlers: simple tools by sawing, drilling, polishing hard • The increase in science institutions provided opportunities for
Precolonial
stones local science manpower to conduct researches and to staff
Period • Produced seashell ornaments and pottery universities and colleges
• Tools gradually shift to copper, gold, bronze, iron • Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
• Use of Caracoas for coastal trade
• Coastal areas had more sophisticated technology because of
Names to Remember
foreign trade and cultural influences
Name Description/Contributions
• Birth of modern science and technology Historical Antecedents
• Reduccion system Christian Jurgensen Thomsen Three-Age System
• Cabezas de Barangay as lowest level of local government Johannes Kepler Law of Planetary Motion
• Centralized political control Galileo Galilei Work of Motion
• Establishment of schools offering higher education Isaac Newton Law of Motion / Law of Universal Gravitation
• Opportunities to study abroad were given to Filipino students Johannes Gutenberg Letterpress printing
Spanish
• Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy were opened in UST Charles Babbage Father of Computers
Regime
• Laboratorio Municipal de Ciudad de Manila was established Vinton Cerf & Robert Kahn Created the internet
• Studies on infectious diseases such as cholera, TB, leprosy, Sir Tim Berners-Lee Discovered World Wide Web
and beri beri were conducted V.A Shiva Ayyadurai Discovered E-mails
• Agricultural production accelerated and modernized Philippine S&T
• Manila School of Agriculture was opened Jose Rizal Medicine; Ophthalmology
• Manila-Acapulco Trade (Galleon Trade) Graciano Apacible Medicine
Antonio Luna Pharmacy
• Rapid advancement of Science and Technology Jose Alejandrino Engineering
• Support on extensive public education system Leon Ma. Guerrero Father of Philippine Pharmacy
• Scholarship grants in science and engineering Intellectual Revolution
• Establishment of science-based public services. Nicholas Copernicus Paradigm shift from Geocentric to Heleocentric Theory
• Secularized public education Charles Darwin Theory of Evolution
• Department of Public Instruction was established: free primary Sigmund Feud Father of Psychoanalysis
education with English as medium of instruction Alan Turing Artificial Intelligence
American • Philippine Normal School was put up to serve as training Filipino Scientists / Inventors
Regime ground of Filipino teachers Angel Alcala Various research on amphibians and reptiles
• An act to financially support high school students to take Ramon Barba Way to induce flowering of mango trees
teaching, engineering, medical and law courses in the US Edgardo Gomez Assessment on coral reef damages
• Private School Act was enacted Alisa Mijeno SALt – LED lamp that uses salt and water
• Office of Private Education was established Gregorio Zara 2-way television telephone
• Bureau of Government Laboratories was created Eduardo Quisumbing Pioneer in medicinal plants in the Philippines
• The National Research Council of the Philippine Islands was Pedro Flores Created Yoyo
established
Dr. Fe del Mundo Medical Incubator
• Establishment of National Economic Council Dr. Abelardo Aguilar Discovered Erythromycin for Streptomyces erythreus
• Government-recognized private schools and universities were Rolando de la Cruz Anticancer cream and Mole remover
Commonwealth opened. Ruperta David Patis or Fish sauce
• Continuous expansion of public school system to address Maria Orosa Ylagan Banana catsup
increasing number of children Diosdado Banatao 16-Bit microchip