Scribd
Upload
82 views15 pages

Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Formulas

This document covers topics about atoms, molecules, ions and their valency, and chemical formulas. It discusses how atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonds to attain stability. Molecules can be monoatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic depending on the number of atoms present. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, forming positively charged cations or negatively charged anions. Chemical formulas are used to represent chemical compounds through shorthand notation, showing the elements present and their relative numbers.

Uploaded by

Samyak sethi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views15 pages

Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Formulas

This document covers topics about atoms, molecules, ions and their valency, and chemical formulas. It discusses how atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonds to attain stability. Molecules can be monoatomic, diatomic, or polyatomic depending on the number of atoms present. Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, forming positively charged cations or negatively charged anions. Chemical formulas are used to represent chemical compounds through shorthand notation, showing the elements present and their relative numbers.

Uploaded by

Samyak sethi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter-3:

Atoms and Molecules

Topics To be covered:
1) Symbols of elements
2) Existence of atoms
3) Ions and their Valency
4) Chemical formula
Modern Symbols of the Elements
 Symbols of some elements with same first letter

Symbols of some elements derived from Latin names


Modern Symbols of the Elements
 Symbols of some elements derived from English names
Existence of Atom
 Atoms do not occur independently except the inert gases
which are quite stable.
They are found in combined form to attain stability. Two
different atoms combine together through chemical bond to
stabilise themselves and form molecule.
Molecules
 A molecule is defined as an electrically neutral group of
two or more atoms which are joined together by attractive
forces called chemical bond.
For example, NH3 is a molecule of ammonia. In this
molecule, three hydrogen atoms are attached with one
nitrogen atom with the help of chemical bonds.
Thus, we can say that a molecule is the smallest particle of
an element or a compound which shows all the properties of
that substance and can exist freely under ordinary
conditions.
Molecule of elements: These are formed when same kind
of atoms join together to form molecules.
Atoms & Molecules
Molecules

Atomicity: The number of atoms present in a molecule is


called atomicity.
Monoatomic: He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe (Noble Gases)
Diatomic: N2, H2, Cl2, F2, O2, etc.
Triatomic: O3
Tetra-atomic: P4
Polyatomic: S8
Molecules
Molecule of compounds: These are formed when different
kind of atoms join together to form molecules.
Examples: CO2, CO, NH3, CH4, H2O, HCl, etc.
Ions and their Valency
 Atoms are made up of small sub-atomic particles called
electrons, protons and neutrons.
Electron has 1 unit negative charge while proton has1
unit positive charge. Normally, atom consists of equal
number of electrons and protons, that’s why they are
considered to be neutral.
When any neutral atom loses electron, it gets positive
charge and when any neutral atom gains electron, it gets
negative charge.
Positively charges ions are called cations and negatively
charged ions are called anions.

-
For example, NaCl is formed from Na+ ions and Cl ions.
Ions and their Valency
 Some important Cations and Anions
Cations and Anions
Chemical Formula
 The shorthand notation or representation of a chemical
compound is called chemical formula.

 Significance of Chemical formula:


 It tells us about the various elements present
in the given compound.
It tells us about the relative number of
different atoms in the given compound.
It tells us about the molecular mass of the
compound.
Chemical Formula
Steps for writing Chemical formula:
Chemical Formula
Practice Question of Chemical Formula
1) Copper sulphate
2) Magnesium nitride
3) Cupric chloride
4) Magnesium hydroxide
5) Calcium sulphide
6) Ammonium carbonate
7) Sodium acetate
8) Potassium permanganate
9) Sodium nitrite
10) Barium sulphite
11) Ammonium chloride

You might also like