PSYCHOLOGY
CLASS- XII
Answer key for REVISION EXERCISE SET-5
(2023-2024)
(Chapter 2 &4)
Time – 1 Hour Maximum Marks – 25
Section A are Very Short Answer Type-I questions carrying 2 marks each.
(2x3=6)
1. Rohit believes he is a secret agent and that a network of spies
communicates with him through messages sent directly into his head.
Identify and explain the type of symptom he is experiencing.
Ans- Rohit is suffering from Delusions. Delusion It is defined as a false
belief that is firmly held on inadequate grounds and they are of various
types. He may be suffering from the following delusions.
• Delusion of Control- People believes that their thoughts,
emotions, feelings are in the hands of others.
• Delusion Of Grandeur-People believes themselves to be highly
empowered.
These are positive symtoms of schizophrenia They are defined as
bizarre additions to a person’s behaviour and they are mentioned below
and are basically excess of thought, emotion and behaviour.
2. Priya exhibits strong aggressive tendencies but often complains of other
people acting in an excessively aggressive way. Identify and explain the
process involved here.
Ans- Priya is exhibiting a ego Defence Mechanisms, where
1. A defence mechanism is a way of reducing anxiety by distorting
reality unconsciously.
2. It defends the ego against the awareness of the instinctual reality.
3. It is normal and adaptive; people who use mechanism are often
unaware of doing so.
The defence used is Projection. In Projection people attributes their
own traits to others.
3. What is separation anxiety disorder? List any two symptoms.
Separation anxiety disorder falls under the general group of Anxiety disorders.
It is defined as an intense fear of being separated from attachment figures to
such an extent that it hinders their development as well.
Children with Separation Anxiety Disorder show the following symptoms
• are reluctant to go to school alone,
• shadow every move of their parents
• and throw tantrums when they are away from their parents even for a
little while.
Section B, are Short Answer Questions Type-II carrying 3 marks each. (3x4=9)
4. Differentiate between dissociative amnesia and depersonalization.
Dissociative amnesia is characterized by extensive but selective memory
loss that has no known organic cause (e.g., head injury).
• This disorder is often associated with an overwhelming stress.
• Part of dissociative amnesia is dissociative fugue.
Depersonalisation-/ Derealisation disorder: dreamlike state has a sense
of being separated from self and reality.
• There is a change of self-perception and the person’s sense of
reality is temporarily lost or changed. (1 ½ + 1 ½ ) Page 78,79
5. A client experiences irrational thoughts that are self-defeating in
nature. Suggest and explain a suitable therapy that will help him to reduce
his distress.
Cognitive therapy helps to know the causes of psychological stress in irrational
thoughts and beliefs –
1. Aaron Becks theory of psychological distress is characterized by
anxiety and depression.
• Being therapist the client can be helped to change the irrational
belief and the negative thoughts by making a change in his her
philosophy about life.
• Examples-
• The therapist uses gentle questioning which is non-threatening in
nature
• This helps him/her to gain insight into the nature of their
dysfunctional schemas and change their cognitive structures.
Albert Ellis RET
o ABC analysis – in detail
o Change of thoughts with ‘musts’ and ‘shoulds’
o Interviews and questionnaires are used. –
o Process of non-directive questioning to replace
irrational belief system.
Section C, is a Long Answer Type question carrying 4 marks. (4)
6. Case study:
Read the given case carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Harish belonged to a family of four children, him being the eldest. Unlike any
first born, he was not given the attention he should have had. His father worked
as an accountant, while his mother stayed at home to look after the kids. He
dropped out of school and could barely manage to get work for a little salary.
His relationship with his family played an important role in building his
disposition. He felt a certain feeling of insecurity with his siblings, especially
his brother Tarun, who was able to finish college because of parental support.
Due to the hopelessness Harish felt, he started engaging in drinking alcohol
with his high school friends. Parental negligence caused emotional turmoil. He
also had insomnia which he used as a reason for drinking every night.
Over time, Harish had to drink more to feel the effects of the alcohol. He got
grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to drink or
when he tried to quit.
In such a case, the school would be the ideal setting for early identification and
intervention. In addition, his connection to school would be one of the most
significant protective factors for substance abuse. His school implemented a
variety of early intervention strategies which did not help him as he was
irregular and soon left school. Some protective factors in school would be the
ability to genuinely experience positive emotions through good communication.
(i)It has been found that certain family systems are likely to produce abnormal
functioning in individual members.
In the light of the above statement, the factors underlying Harish's condition
can be related to model.
(A) Humanistic
(B) Behavioural
(C) Socio-cultural
(D) Psychodynamic
(ii) Over time, Harish needed to drink more before he could feel the effects of
the alcohol. This means that he built __________ towards the alcohol.
(A) Withdrawal
(B) Tolerance
(C) Stress inoculation
(D) All of the above
(iii)He got grouchy or shaky and had other symptoms when he was not able to
drink or when he tried to quit. This refers to
(A) Low willpower symptoms.
(B) Addiction symptoms
(C) Withdrawal symptoms
(D) Tolerance symptoms
(iv) Which of the following is not true about substance related and addictive
disorders?
(A) Alcoholism unites millions of families through social
interactions and get-togethers.
(B) Intoxicated drivers are responsible for many road accidents.
(C) It also has serious effects on the children of persons with this
disorder.
(D) Excessive drinking can seriously damage physical health.
Section D, is a Long Answer Type question carrying 6 marks. (6)
7. Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow:
Sundar, a college-going 20-year-old male, has moved from his home town to
live in a big city. He has continuous fear of insecurity and feels that enemy
soldiers are following him. He gets very tense when he spots anyone in a
uniform and feels that they are coming to catch him. This intense anxiety is
interfering with his work and relationship, and his friends are extremely
concerned as it does not make any sense to them. Sundar occasionally laughs
abruptly and inappropriately and sometimes stops speaking mid-sentence,
scanning off in the distance as though he sees or hears something. He expresses
concern about the television and radio in the room potentially being monitored
by the enemies. His beliefs are fixed and if they are challenged, his tone
becomes hostile.
Q1. Based on the symptoms being exhibited, identify the disorder. Explain the
other symptoms that can be seen in this disorder.(3)
Answerr- Sundar seems to be suffering from Schizophrenia. It is the
descriptive term for a group of psychotic disorders in which functioning in
personal, social and work life deteriorates and the causes behind that can be
motor abnormalities, unusual emotional states and strange perceptions.
the symptoms of Schizophrenia is classified into three categories:
A. Positive Symptoms-They are defined as bizarre additions to a person’s
behaviour and they are mentioned below and are basically excess of
thought, emotion and behaviour. They consist of Delusion,
Hallucination and Inappropriate affect.
B. Negative Symptoms -They are pathological deficits and include poverty
of speech, blunted and flat affect and social withdrawal. They are-
Alogia, Blunted Effect, Flat effect &Avolition.
C. Psychomotor Symptoms- They move less spontaneously and make odd
gestures.
Q2. Define delusion and inappropriate affect. Support it with the symptoms
given in the above case study.(1.5+1.5)
Answer- delusion and inappropriate affect fall under the positive symtoms of
Schizophrenia.
a. Delusion -It is defined as a false belief that is firmly held on inadequate
grounds and they are of various types –
▪ Delusion Of Persecution -People believe that they are being
plotted against, spied upon and threatened.
▪ Delusion Of Reference-People attach special and personal
meaning to actions and events of others
▪ Delusion Of Grandeur-People believes themselves to be
highly empowered.
▪ Delusion Of Control-People believes that their thoughts,
emotions, feelings are in the hands of others.
b. inappropriate affect are the ones most often found in schizophrenia.
show no emotions at all, a condition known as flat affect.
▪ Also patients with schizophrenia experience avolition, or apathy
and an inability to start or complete a course of action.
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