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) DNA Transcription and Translation

1. The document discusses DNA transcription and translation, which are the two processes that synthesize proteins. 2. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves DNA being used as a template to create messenger RNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and involves messenger RNA being used as a template to assemble amino acids into proteins. 3. Both transcription and translation involve three major steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

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505 views35 pages

) DNA Transcription and Translation

1. The document discusses DNA transcription and translation, which are the two processes that synthesize proteins. 2. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves DNA being used as a template to create messenger RNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and involves messenger RNA being used as a template to assemble amino acids into proteins. 3. Both transcription and translation involve three major steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Uploaded by

Rianne Taping
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Annyeonghaseyo

yeoreobun!
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION
& TRANSLATION
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the discussion, we, the
learners are expected to:
1. Identify the three major steps involved
in DNA transcription and translation
2. Differentiate the processes of protein
synthesis
Your eye color is
based on a pigment
that is inside the
eyes. But, in order to
have that pigment,
you have genes.
What are
genes?
Genes which are
portions of DNA, that can
They 'code' for traits
code for proteins which like our eye color, hair
color, and height.
help make that pigment.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
TRANSCRIPTION is the
process of DNA sending a
message to the cytoplasm.
Transcription
occurs
in the nucleus
where DNA is
used as a
template to make
messenger RNA.
During transcription the DNA in
the gene is used as a template
to make a messenger RNA
strand with the help of the
enzyme RNA polymerase this
process occurs in three stages:
3 stages of Transcription
INITIATION
ELONGATION
TERMINATION
Initiation
The enzyme RNA
polymerase, attaches to and
moves along the DNA
molecule until it recognises
a promoter sequence. This
area of DNA indicates the
starting point of
transcription
Initiation
This signals the DNA
to unwind so the
enzyme can ‘‘read’’
the bases in one of
the DNA strands.
Elongation
Elongation is the
addition of nucleotides
to the mRNA strand.
During this process, an
adenine (A) in the DNA
binds to an uracil (U) in
the RNA.
Termination

Termination is the end of transcription and


occurs when RNA polymerase crosses a stop
(termination) sequence in the gene. The mRNA
strand is complete, and it detaches from DNA.
Introns- non coding section (need to be
removed)
Exons- coding section
The mature mRNA
leaves the nuclues
through the nuclear pore
and enter into cytoplasm
to begin translation.
Translation - is the process of
converting the information in
messenger RNA(mRNA) into a
sequence of amino acids that make
a protein.
DNA Replication
is the process where
identical copies of the DNA
are made.
How does the
information in the
mRNA strand
translated into protein?
A sequence of three
consecutive nucleotides
in a DNA or RNA
molecule that codes for
a specific amino acid.
CODON
CHART
Genetic code has 64 codons
3 stages of Translation
INITIATION
ELONGATION
TERMINATION
Amino Acid Initiation
The type of amino
acid is determined
by the anticodon
sequence of the
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Small Ribosomal Unit
Initiation
The initiator tRNA
which is equipped
with the anticodon
(UAC) also binds to
the start codon
(AUG) of the mRNA.
ELONGATION
The tRNA carries amino
acid bind to the ribosomal
unit and peptide bonds
forms. Then, the ribosome
moves one codon forward
making space for a new
tRNA-amino acid complex
to enter.
TERMINATION
Terminator proteins
present at the stop
codon bind to the
ribosome and trigger
the release of the
newly synthesized
polypeptide chain.
PROTEIN

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