How Do Organisms
Reproduce
TOP 25 QUESTIONS
-by Prashant Bhaiya
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Assertion (A): Amoeba always produces two daughter amoebae while
Plasmodium divides into many daughter cells.
Reason (R): Amoeba undergoes binary fission while Plasmodium
undergoes multiple fission.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
2. The stamen contains
a) stigma
b) pollen grain
c) sepal
d) ovule
3. Seeds are called products of sexual reproduction because they
a) give rise to new plants
b) are formed by fusion of gametes
c) are formed by the fusion of pollen tubes
d) can survive for a longer period.
4. Assertion (A): Sexual reproduction involves two parents of different
sexes, a male and female, which produce male and female gametes
respectively.
Reason (R): The male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote in
sexual reproduction, which develops into a new individual.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
5. Which one of the following is not a part of the human female
reproductive system?
a) Ovary
b) Oviduct
c) Uterus
d) Seminal vesicle
6. Assertion (A): Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in the
scrotum.
Reason (R): Because sperm formation requires lower temperature than
the normal body temperature.
a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
7. Which of the following techniques is used as a contraceptive method in
males only?
a) Copper-T
b) Oral pills
c) Blockage of fallopian tube
d) Blockage of vas deferens
SHORT AND LONG QUESTIONS
8. Differentiate between ‘self-pollination’ and ‘cross-pollination’. Describe
double fertilisation in plants.
9. What is the effect of DNA copying which is not perfectly accurate on
the reproduction process?
10. (a) In the human body what is the role of
(i) seminal vesicles, and (ii) prostate gland?
(b) List two functions performed by testis in human beings.
11. Illustrate the following with the help of suitable diagrams:
(i) Binary Fission in Amoeba.
(ii)Leaf of Bryophyllum with buds.
12. Illustrate the following with the help of suitable diagrams:
(i) Spore formation in Rhizopus.
(ii)Multiple fission in Plasmodium.
13. (a) Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D and E.
(b) Where do the following functions occur?
(i) Production of an egg
(ii) Fertilisation
(iii) Implantation of zygote.
(c) What happens to the lining of uterus:
(i) before release of a fertilised egg?
(ii) if no fertilisation occurs?
14. (a) Draw a diagram showing germination of pollen on stigma of a
flower.
(b) Label pollen grain, male germ- cells, pollen tube and female germ-
cell in the above diagram.
(c) How is zygote formed?
15. Mention the mode of reproduction used by (a) Amoeba (b) Planaria.
16. What is regeneration? State a reason why a more complex organism
cannot give rise to new individuals through this method.
17. Explain the terms: (i) Implantation (ii) Placenta
18. List any four reasons for vegetative propagation being practised in the
growth of some type of plants.
19. List any three differences between pollination and fertilisation.
20. Write any two differences between binary fission and multiple fission
in a tabular form as observed in cells of organisms.
21. (a) What is fragmentation in organism? Name a multicell-ular organism
which reproduces by this method.
(b) What is regeneration in organism? Describe regeneration in
Planaria with the help of a suitable diagram.
22. Describe in brief the role of (i) testis (ii) seminal vesicle, (iii) vas
deferens, (iv) ureter and (v) prostate gland in human male reproductive
system.
23. “DNA copies generated during reproduction will be similar but may
not be identical to the original.” Justify this statement.
24. List and explain in brief three methods of contraception.
25. State in brief the changes that take place in a fertilised egg (zygote) till
birth of the child in the human female reproductive system. What
happens to the egg when it is not fertilised?
SOLUTIONS:
1. (a): Amoeba reproduce through binary fission and produces two
daughter amoebae. Plasmodium reproduces through multiple fission and
splits to form many new organisms.
2. (b): Stamen is male reproductive organ of plant which is made up of
anther and filament. The anther produces pollen grains.
3. (b):Seeds are the products of sexual reproduction because fusion of
male and female gametes results into formation of zygote which in turn
undergoes meiotic division to form embryo. Embryo further develops
within the ovule which becomes a seed.
4. (b)
5. (d): Female reproductive system consists of ovaries, oviducts, uterus and
vagina. The seminal vesicles are the pair of glands found in male
reproductive system.
6. (a): Sperm formation requires 2-2.5°C lower temperature than the normal
internal body temperature, so testes are located outside the abdominal
cavity in the scrotum.
7. (d): In males, blockage of vas deferens is called vasectomy which
prevents the sperms to getting into the semen.
8.
9. DNA copying is not perfectly accurate and the resultant errors are a
source of variations in populations of organisms.
10. (a) The role of seminal vesicles and the prostate gland are as follows:
(i) Seminal vesicles produce seminal plasma which is in the form of fluid
makes the transport of sperms smooth.
(ii) Prostate gland secretes prostatic fluid that keeps the sperms alive and
helps them to swim vigorously.
(b) Two functions performed by testis in human beings are as follows:
(i) Formation of sperms takes place in testis.
(ii) They secrete the hormone testosterone which regulates the formation
of sperms and brings changes in appearance of boys at the time of
puberty.
11. (i) Binary Fission in Amoeba
(ii) Leaf of Bryophyllum with buds
12. (i) Spore formation in Rhizopus
(ii) Multiple fission in Plasmodium
13. (a) A – Oviduct or Fallopian tube;
B – Ovary;
C – Uterus;
D – Cervix;
E – Vagina.
(b) (i) Ovaries; (ii) Fallopian tube; (iii) Lining of the uterus.
(c) (i) The lining of uterus becomes.
(ii) The lining of uterus slowly breaks and comes out through the vagina as
blood and mucous, if no fertilisation occurs.
14. (a) and (b)
(c) Zygote is formed when male gamete, Le. sperm fuses with female
gamete, i.e. ovum.
15. Mode of reproduction used by
(a) Amoeba is Binary fission.
(b) Planaria is Regeneration.
16. Regeneration is the ability of a fully differentiated organism to give rise
to new individual organisms from its body parts. More complex organisms
cannot give rise to new individuals through regeneration because:
(i) their body is highly complicated.
(ii) there are specific organs to do specific functions.
(iii) there is a labour division in the body of complex organisms.
(iv) regeneration is carried out by specialised cells which are not present in
complex organisms.
17. (i) Implantation: The embedding of a fertilised mammalian egg (embryo)
into the inner thick wall of the uterus (womb) where it will continue its
development is called implantation.
(ii) Placenta: It is a complex double-layered spongy vascular tissue in
human female formed by the joint activity of maternal and foetal tissues in
the wall of uterus that is meant for attachment, nourishment and waste
disposal for the foetus.
18. (i) Vegetative propagation is a cheaper, easier and more rapid method
of propagation in plants than growing plants from their seeds.
(ii) Better quality of plants can be maintained by this method.
(iii) It results in propagation of those plants which do not produce viable
seeds or produce seeds with prolonged period of dormancy.
(iv) The plants generated from vegetative means are more uniform and
genetically similar to the parent stock.
19.
20.
21. (a) Fragmentation: Multicellular organisms with simple body
organisation such as filamentous algae-Spirogyra breaks up into two or
more small pieces or fragments upon maturation. These fragments grow
into new individuals.
Fragmentation in Spirogyra
(b) Regeneration: It is the ability of a fully differentiated organism to give
rise to new individual organisms from its body parts.
Small cut or broken parts of the organism body grow or regenerate into
separate individuals.
Planaria can be cut into any number of pieces and each piece grows into
a complete organism.
Regeneration is carried out by specialised cells which proliferate and
make large number of cells thus, undergoing changes to become various
cell types and tissues.
The changes taking place in an organised sequence is development.
Regeneration in Planaria
22. Testis: Testes are oval shaped primary reproductive organs in men. The
function of testes is to produce sperms and male sex hormone
testosterone. The scrotum provides optimal temperature for the formation
of sperms.
Seminal vesicle: Seminal vesicles are a pair of thin walled muscular
elongated sac which secrete fluid for nourishment of sperms.
vas deferens: The sperms are carried by a long tube called vas deferens to
organs called seminal vesicles where the sperms get nourishment and
stored.
Ureter: It is the tube that carries urine from kidney to the urinary bladder.
In humans, there are two ureters, one attached to each kidney.
Prostate glands: Prostate glands produce a fluid which is released in the
urethra along with secretion of seminal vesicles for nourishment and
transportation of sperms.
23. DNA copies generated will be similar, but may not be identical to the
original as some variations are so drastic that new DNA copy cannot work
with the cellular apparatus it inherits. Such a newborn cell will simply die.
Therefore, there could be many other variations in the DNA copies that
would not lead to such a drastic outcome. Thus, the surviving cells are
similar but slightly different from each other. This tendency of variation
during reproduction is the basis for evolution.
24. Methods of contraception are:
Use of condom for penis or for vagina as a mechanical barrier for the
sperms to reach the egg.
Use of oral pills which change the hormonal balance so that eggs are not
released.
Surgical method where either the vas deferens of male is blocked or the
fallopian tube of female is blocked.
25. The egg gets fertilised in the oviduct. The fertilised egg, the zygote gets
implanted in the lining of the uterus and starts dividing. The uterus
prepares itself every month to receive and nurture the growing embryo.
The lining thickens and is richly supplied with blood to nourish the
growing embryo.
The embryo gets nutrition from the mother’s blood with the help of a
special tissue called placenta. The development of the child inside the
mother’s body takes approximately nine months. On completion of 9
months, the child is born as a result of rhythmic contractions of the
muscles in the uterus.
If the egg is not fertilised, the thick and nourishing lining of the uterus
breaks and comes out through vagina as blood and mucous.
