Weak 1:
Information system:
An information system is a combination of software, hardware, and
telecommunication networks to collect useful data, especially in an
organization. Many businesses use information technology to complete
and manage their operations, interact with their consumers, and stay
ahead of their competition. Some companies today are completely built
on information technology, like eBay, Amazon, Alibaba, and Google.
Main activities and resources of IS:
Information System, involves a range of Activities related to collecting,
processing, storing, and distributing data or information within an
organization. The five main activities of IS are:
• Data input:
This activity involves capturing and entering data into the system from
various sources such as customers, employees, suppliers, and other
stakeholders. The data may be in different formats such as text, images,
audio, or video.
• Data processing:
This activity involves manipulating the data entered into the system to
create meaningful information. This may include operations such as
sorting, filtering, analyzing, and summarizing the data to generate
insights and support decision-making.
• Data storage:
This activity involves storing the processed data or information in a
secure and organized manner. This may include the use of databases, file
systems, or other storage technologies.
• Data output:
This activity involves presenting the processed information to the users
of the system in a useful and accessible format. This may include reports,
charts, tables, or graphs.
• Information dissemination:
This activity involves distributing the processed information to the
relevant stakeholders within the organization. This may include sharing
information via email, messaging, social media, or other communication
channels.
Resources that organizations can use to manage and leverage
information systems for their operations and decision-making. Here are
five main resources of IS:
• Hardware resources:
These are the physical devices used to process and store information,
such as servers, computers, mobile devices, and storage devices.
• Software resources:
These are the programs and applications used to manage and process
information, such as operating systems, databases, enterprise resource
planning (ERP) systems, customer relationship management (CRM)
software, and productivity tools.
• Human resources:
These are the people who design, develop, operate, and manage
information systems, such as IT professionals, data analysts, project
managers, and business analysts.
• Data resources:
These are the structured and unstructured data used by organizations to
make decisions and drive their operations, such as customer data,
financial data, transaction data, and social media data.
• Network resources:
These are the communication channels used to connect devices and
share information, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area
networks (WANs), and the internet.
Weak 3:
➢ System approach to problem solving:
The systems approach to problem solving used a systems orientation to
define problems and opportunities and develop solutions. Studying a
problem and formulating a solution involve the following interrelated
activities:
There are different systems or frameworks that can be used for problem-
solving, but one common approach is the following five-step process:
1. Define the problem:
Clearly identify the problem, and describe it in specific terms. It’s
essential to have a clear understanding of what the problem is and what
it’s not, so you can avoid solving the wrong problem.
2. Gather information:
Collect as much information as possible about the problem. This may
involve conducting research, interviewing people, or reviewing data. The
goal is to get a comprehensive understanding of the problem and its root
causes.
3. Generate solutions:
Once you have a good understanding of the problem, brainstorm
potential solutions. Consider different options, and evaluate their
strengths and weaknesses. It’s also essential to consider the potential
consequences of each solution.
4. Choose a solution:
Based on your evaluation, select the solution that you believe is the most
effective and feasible. It’s important to make sure the solution aligns with
your goals and resources.
5. Implement and monitor the solution:
After selecting a solution, implement it and monitor its effectiveness. It’s
important to track progress and make adjustments as necessary to
ensure the solution is working as intended.
Developing information systems solution:
The system development life cycle (SDLC) enables users to transform a
newly-developed project into an operational one. It also referred to as
the application development life-cycle,
These steps are stages of SDLC are discussed below –
1. Investigation:
It includes determining how to address business opportunities and
priorities by conducting a feasibility study and developing a project
management plan obtaining management approval.
2. System analysis:
Analyze the information needs of the end user, the organizational
environment and any system presently used. Develop the functional
requirement of the system that can meet the needs of the end user.
3. System design:
It includes developing a specification for the hardware, software, people,
network, and data recourses and the information product that will satisfy
the functional requirement of the proposed business information
system.
4. System implementation:
It includes acquire hardware and software, testing the system and train
people to operate and use it. Covering the new business system, and
managing the effect of system change on the user.
5. System maintenance:
It uses a post-implementation review process to monitor, evaluate and
modify the system as needed.
System software
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run
a computer’s hardware and application programs. If we think of the
computer system as a layered model, the system software is the
interface between the hardware and user applications. The operating
system is the best-known example of system software. The OS manages
all the other programs in a computer.
System software is used to manage the computer itself. It runs in the
background, maintaining the computer’s basic functions so users can
run higher-level application software to perform certain tasks.
Essentially, system software provides a platform for application softwar
.
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