CASE STUDY

Introduction
On-The-Job-Training (OJT) means training in the public or private sector
engaging in productive work that provides knowledge and skills
essential to the full and adequate performance on the job.
On-the-job-training (OJT) is one of the best experience and highlights of
the college life of a criminology student. This training could help the
trainees to experiencethe different demands of their future job. This is a
great opportunity for them to apply the things that they have learned
inside the four corners of the classroom. On-the-job-training also
helped them in enhancing their personality, and confidence. It could
also instill to them the value of respect for the law and services to the
community.
Before the interns were deployed in selected agencies and the
community immersion, they have experienced a week long intensive
paramilitary trainings and exercises. The series of activities and
preparations are designed to prepare the interns not only physically, but
mentally as well for the challenges that they were about to facein their
personal career.
One can therefore postulate that the rationale is to expose the students
to actual real-life work environment, agency/institutional operations
and work scenarios; prepare them for their profession by discovering
their own capabilities, strengths and weaknesses to thereby help them
make career decisions; adopt appropriate etiquette in interacting with
supervisors, workmates, and clientele; and, earn actual work-hours
experience to increase their chances for employment opportunities
after graduating. In a nutshell, OJT is a valuable step in transitioning the
student from the classroom to a professional career.
Taking on-the-job training might be challenging. Students must
complete the duty assigned to them by their superiors. The trainee was
assigned to several units in order to improve their job performance
skills. One of the most basic needs for improving and developing a
student’s productivity is superior student-to-student communication.
The superior must demonstrate and instruct on the required abilities or
tasks. They are also the people in the organization who teach the
students the necessary knowledge and skills.
Problems between students and superiors must be avoided in order for
them to have a positive connection and finish all of the required duties.
The intern should be always active in learning new skills whenever the
superior is teaching for them to realizethe importance of the job when
they are employed.
Students who undergo on-the-job training are very lucky because they
are the ones who usually take pride in learning new skills. They gain to
improve their future employment value and for them to have new
capability in their future career, in addition by making learning possible,
they earn their respect and build enduring relationships between
students and superiors. By identifying the relationship between the
student behavior towards work performance of Criminology interns, the
researcher is confident that future interns will be more competent and
skillful as the negative student behavior would be exposed and become
awareness to future Criminology interns.
A criminology Internship typically involves students or individuals
studying criminology actively participating in practical, real-world
experiences related to their field of study. During the internship,
participants may work with law enforcement agencies, correctional
institutions, legal offices, or other organizations involved in crime
prevention, investigation, and criminal justice. Duration and Time:
Generally, the Practicum for BS Criminology students requires 540 hours
to be completed. This shall be divided into two components. Practicum
1 – OJT (270 hrs) and Practicum 2 Community Immersion (270 hrs) shall
be both completed during the last semester of the Criminology
program.
Interns in criminology may have the opportunity to observe and
contribute to various aspects of the criminal justice system, such as
crime scene investigation, criminal profiling, community policing, and
legal procedures. The goal is to provide hands-on experience that
complements theoretical knowledge gained in academic settings,
helping individuals develop practical skills and a deeper understanding.
Of the dynamics within the field of criminology.
On-the-job training refers to a learning approach where individuals
acquire practical skills and knowledge while actively engaged in real
work environments. It involves hands-on experience and direct
participation in tasks related to a specific job or profession. OJT is a
common method for students and entry-level workers to gain practical
insights, develop job-related skills, and enhance their understanding of
industry practices.
Criminology, as a multidisciplinary field, plays a pivotal role in
unraveling the complex tapestry of crime and justice within societies. Its
significance lies in providing a systematic framework to understand the
causes of criminal behavior, analyze the functioning of the criminal
justice system, and formulate effective strategies for crime prevention
and intervention.
The On-the-Job Training Program (OJT) is a “hire-first” program that
reimburses a company for the cost of training a new employee.
Companies can use OJTs to hire and train promising job candidates who
have some but not all of the skills necessary for the job. A rigorous
training plan is put in place to ensure that the employee has the skills
needed to be successful, contributing to long term retention. The OJT
program is an efficient way to move unemployed workers more quickly
into jobs and provide them with transportable skills and a cost effective
way to help local businesses develop and retain the workers that they
need.
The criminology and Criminal Justice internship is a learning experience
involving work in a criminal justice or criminological setting. Interns are
expected to gain valuable work experience as well as relevant
knowledge which will add to their overall understanding of the field of
criminology and criminal justice. Internship positions must center on
learning new material over the course of the semester and interns are
expected to participate in ongoing training and development.
An important part of interning at an agency is learning about: different
work environments, how people work together, levels of accountability,
and understanding an office climate/culture. Students are required to
read through a site observation rubric at the beginning of the internship
and keep these concepts in mind. Towards the middle of the internship
students will revisit the rubric and answer questions about their
internship work environment and their ability to work and thrive in that
environment.
As one of the requirement of our internship we need to conduct a case
study in relation on what we’ve experienced in our on-the-job training.
Our case study entitle, “Program implemented by the PNP Personnel in
San Jose Del Monte City during Disaster”.
The On-the-Job Training of Bachelor of Science in Criminology is aim to;
Gain valuable work experience as well as relevant knowledge which will
add to their overall understanding of the field of Criminology and
Criminal Justice; and ensure the attainment of the purposes of the
practicum requirement which are the following.
This case study about P Program implemented by the PNP Personnel in
San Jose Del Monte City during Disaster; and Determine the program
implemented by the PNP personnel during the disaster.
Imploring the aid of the Almighty, by 2030, We shall be a highly capable,
effective and credible police service working in partnership with a
responsive community towards the attainment of a safer place to live,
work and do business. The PNP shall enforce the law, prevent and
control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety and
internal security with the active support of the community. Law
Enforcement, Maintain peace and order, Prevents and investigates
crimes and bring offenders to justice. Exercise the vested powers from
the Philippine Constitution and pertinent laws, Detain an arrested
person for a period not beyond what is prescribed by law, Implements
pertinent laws and regulations on firearms and explosives control.
Interns are expected to gain valuable work experience as well as
relevant knowledge which will add to their overall understanding of the
field of Criminology and Criminal Justice Interns will experience training
and development in the workplace under professional guidance and
supervision Interns will have the opportunity to utilize some of the
ideas and theories learned in CCJS courses.

Executive Summary
An important part of interning at an agency is learning about: different
work environments, how people work together, levels of accountability,
and understanding an office climate/culture. Students are required to
read through a site observation rubric at the beginning of the internship
and keep these concepts in mind. Towards the middle of the internship
students will revisit the rubric and answer questions about their
internship work environment and their ability to work and thrive in that
environment.
Interns are required to keep a time sheet which will calculate their total
hours worked at their internship. Hours logged must be between the
first day of classes through the last day of classes. Any hours worked
either before or after the given dates will not count towards the
students required hours for credit. For every 45 hours worked, the
student earns 1 credit.
At the end of the semester, the intern’s direct supervisor must complete
the Supervisor’s Evaluation Form, which must be signed and sent to the
attention of CCJS Advising. This evaluation can be faxed by the
supervisor, mailed by the supervisor, e-mailed by the supervisor, or
placed in a sealed envelope with a signature from the supervisor and
given to the CCJS Advising office by the student. The evaluation is
confidential document and will NOT be accepted if submitted in any
manner other than those mentioned above.
Students are required to complete a reflection paper, in which they will
look back at their internship experience and answer several questions
regarding their experience. Students must carefully examine their
internship and evaluate the experience, keeping in mind their future
career and educational goals. Whether a student’s internship was a
positive or negative experience, the student still learned something
about themselves and about that specific field or organization.
Students should keep in mind when they are at their internship, they
are in a professional working environment. This is a great opportunity
for students to network, gain work experience, develop themselves on a
personal level, and earn recommendations for future jobs/graduate
school. Students are expected to act in a professional manner. While at
an internship, students are not just representing themselves, but they
are representing the University of Maryland, College Park and the
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Internships can be a valuable opportunity for criminology students to
gain practical experience and apply the knowledge and skills they have
learned in their coursework. Here are a few reasons why internships can
be particularly important for criminology students:
Career exploration: Internships can provide an opportunity for
criminology students to explore different career paths and gain insight
into the work of criminal justice professionals. This can help them make
informed decisions about their future career goals and help them
develop the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in their chosen
field.
Networking: Internships can provide an opportunity for criminology
students to build professional relationships and connections with
criminal justice professionals. These connections can be valuable
resources for career advice and opportunities, as well as for learning
about the latest developments and trends in the field.
Resume building: Criminology internships can provide valuable
experience that can be included on a resume and help students stand
out in the job market. Employers often look for candidates with
practical experience, and an internship can be a good way to
demonstrate your skills and knowledge to potential employers.
Personal development: Internships can provide an opportunity for
criminology students to develop personal and professional skills, such
as problem-solving, communication, and teamwork. These skills can be
valuable for success in a variety of careers, including those in the
criminal justice field.
Overall, internships can be a valuable opportunity for criminology
students to gain practical experience, explore career options, build
professional networks, and develop their skills and knowledge. It’s
important for criminology students to carefully consider the availability
and value of internships as they plan their academic and career paths.
Criminology is the SCIENTIFIC study of the nature and causes of crime,
the behavior of criminals, and the Criminal-Justice system. It does more
than attempt to deter crime or learn about the different aspects of the
criminal justice system as a criminal justice degree would do.

Criminologists take a interdisciplinary approach to the study of crime, it

draws on the research of sociologist, psychologist,
neurologist,economists, biologists and anthropologists to learn the
management, causes, control, consequences, and best prevention
methods for criminal behavior, both on the individual and social levels.
There have been many theories for criminal behavior and much
discussion on whether a criminal is shaped by his or her life
circumstances and social upbringing or inherently criminal from birth
such as “super predators”.
In the most simple terms the purpose of Criminology is to understand
why people break the law. The causes, and factors that are contributing
to the criminal behavior that can be eliminated or decreased. It also
looks at mediators such as environmental factors, social interaction and
personal relationships that can either increase criminal activity or
protect against it. The findings from the research can then be used to
shape public policy in the creation of laws while eliminating others laws
that are not only ineffective but actually end up exacerbating the issues
plaguing our justice system .
Criminal Justice: Theory Into Practice guides the student, instructor, and
internship site supervisor through the entire internship process, offering
advice and information for use at the internship site as well as pre-
planning and assessment activities. Students learn basics such as
choosing an internship site at either a public agency or a private firm,
résumé writing techniques, interviewing skills, and the importance of
setting and developing goals and assessing progress. It also serves as a
reference tool for professors and supervisory personnel who assist and
supervise the student during the experience. The objective of the book
is to direct attention to professional and personal issues that occur
during an internship program. What you find in this text is the
culmination of more than 30 years of testing the authors’ material with
criminal justice interns. Updated with information on employment
trends, potential placements available on the Internet, setting
professional goals, and the pursuit of advanced studies. Explores the
impact of the Millenials-generation student as “digital native,” focusing
on both the benefits and the dangers of social networking, creating and
monitoring one’s online identity, and utilizing and developing important
skill sets for tech-savvy students. Applies the public policy concept of
the “subgoverment” model to understand the complex relationships
between criminal justice organizations and their stakeholders.

Methodology
Changes that have been taking place in policing over the past thirty
years and that have led to new policing concepts, such as community
policing or problem oriented policing, are the results of efforts to find
more effective ways of policing, which will promote public safety and
enhance citizens’ quality of life, i.e. increase the feeling of safety and
reduce the fear of crime. The scope and nature of crime, as well as
changes in the type of crime have led the police to find more effective
solutions and to expand crime control tactics with crime prevention
strategies, increasing the feeling of safety and the quality of life in
communities. Therefore, lack of feeling of safety, ie. Fear of crime has
tumed into a significant problem and has gradually become the focus of
police interest. Due to the function that the police have in society, it is
considered that their presence and visibility can successfully reduce
such fear in local communities, ie. Improve citizens’ overall sense of
safety. Namely, research related to perception of safety provides
scientific evidence on the effectiveness of various policing strategies in
reducing fear among citizens (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1994). These
strategies, to be effective, have to be tailored specificly for the nature
and cause of fear of crime (Cordner, 2010). Cordner (2010) recommends
a targeted problem-oriented approach as the most effective strategy for
fear reduction but also recognizes 12 crime-reductions measures or
actions devides into six diffetent (effective) strategies: traditional
approach (reducting crime); professional policing (motorized patrols;
police visability; rapid response, solving crimes); crime prevention
(target hardening. Street lighting); community policing (police-citizen
contact, public confidence in police; public information); broken
windows (reducing disorder) and Targeted-oriented policing (targeted
responses).
Modern approaches to policing, such as community policing in its
comprehensive sense, encompass numerous aspects, having as one of
teir primary goals to create the feeling of safety (Schorer, 2007). As
opposed to traditional policing which is focused on crime through
identifying and arresting perpetrators, as well as assessing police work
through police statistics, i.e. identified and reported crime, modern
policing particular attention paids to the subjective feeling of safety, Le.
Fear of crime. This is understandable if we take into consideration the
fact that citizens’ satisfaction with the police and their activities
depends, in large part, on whether citizens feel safe or not. According to
the traditional policing concept, the police become responsible only
when a crime is committed or when some other incident takes place.
For this reason, citizens consider this kind of policing passive because it
is only concerned with consequential reactions to crime, and not with
the possibilities of preventing crime, as well as concerns.
Purpose: The objective of this research was to determine to what
extent tactics based on police visibility can influence one of the
important segments of safety, i.e. citizens’ subjective feeling of safety.
The research was conducted in order to determine the connection
among various aspects of police visibility, being predictor variables, with
sense of safety.
Design/Methods/Approach: The data for this research were collected
on a sample containing 1,096 respondents, which can be considered
representative of the Republic of Croatia based on socio-demographic
characteristics. Beside seven socio-demgraphic variables, the
questionnaire used in the research contained 34 variables found in
following sub-scales for: perception of crime victimization risk and
frequency; perception of feeling of safety and assessment of self-
protection ability; perception of incivilities that disrupt the public order;
perception of the presence of problematic categories of persons;
perception of police visibility. The data were processed by using
multivariate regression and multivariate quasi-canonical analyses.
Findings: The research results point to a statistically significant, yet
relatively weak connection between the components of police visibility
and the sense of safety. On the one hand, police foot patrols and
dealings towards persons disrupting public order in the neighbourhood
have a positive effect on citizens’ feeling of safety, on the other hand,
police car patrols have an opposite effect.
Practical Implications: This research is important not only due to
providing scientific evidence for the connection between police visibility
and citizens’ sense of safety, but also due to significant practical
implications on police dealings. When planning police fieldwork,
negative aspects of car patrols on the perception of safety have to be
taken into account. What should be considered are new, alternative
forms of fieldwork, which enable the intervention ability of police, as
well as which allow for foot patrols and contacts between citizens and
the police in non-incident situations.
Originality/Value: This research is the first research focusing on the
influence of police visibility on the feeling of safety of citizens in Croatia.
Considering the used metodology