1
1 The names of the elements of Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.
lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
Identify the element which has the highest rate of diffusion at room temperature.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
2 A substance boils at temperature X and melts at temperature Y.
Complete the graph to show the change in temperature over time as the substance cools from
temperature A to temperature B.
temperature
time
[2]
[Total: 2]
3 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical conductivities of six substances
D, E, F, G, H and I.
melting point boiling point electrical conductivity electrical conductivity
substance
/ °C / °C when solid when liquid
D 1610 2230 non-conductor non-conductor
E 801 1413 non-conductor good conductor
F −119 43 non-conductor non-conductor
G 1535 2750 good conductor good conductor
H 114 184 non-conductor non-conductor
I −210 −196 non-conductor non-conductor
2
Choose substances from the table which match the following descriptions. Each substance may
be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which substance is a liquid at 25 °C
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Which substance is a gas at 25 °C?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Which three substances contain simple molecules?
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) Which substance could be a metal? Give a reason for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(e) Which substance has a macromolecular structure? Give two reasons for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason 1 ............................................................................................................................
reason 2 ............................................................................................................................ [3]
(f) Which substance is an ionic solid? Give one reason for your answer.
substance .........................................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]
4 Z is a covalent substance. In an experiment, a sample of pure solid Z was continually heated for
11 minutes.
The graph shows how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed during the first 9 minutes.
3
240
220
200
180
160
140
temperature
/ °C 120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time / minutes
(a) What is the melting point of pure Z?
........................... °C [1]
(b) The sample of pure Z began to boil at 9 minutes. It was boiled for 2 minutes.
Use this information to sketch on the grid how the temperature of the sample of pure Z changed
between 9 minutes and 11 minutes. [1]
(c) The sample of pure Z was continually heated between 2 minutes and 5 minutes.
Explain, in terms of attractive forces, why there was no increase in the temperature of the
sample of pure Z between 2 minutes and 5 minutes.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
4
(d) Describe how the motion of particles of pure Z changed from 0 minutes to 2 minutes.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
5 The structures of five alkenes, A, B, C, D and E, are shown.
A B C
H H H CH3 H CH2CH3
C C C C C C
H H H H H H
D E
H CH2CH2CH3 H CH2CH2CH2CH3
C C C C
H H H H
(a) What is the general formula of alkenes?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) What is the molecular formula of alkene D?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Predict which alkene, A, B, C, D or E, has the highest boiling point.
Explain your answer.
alkene ...........................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Which alkene, A, B, C, D or E, diffuses most quickly?
Explain your answer.
alkene ...........................
explanation .......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
5
6 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV of the Periodic Table.
Carbon dioxide from the air moves into green plants and is converted into carbohydrates.
(a) Name the process by which carbon dioxide molecules move through the air into green plants.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Explain why silicon(IV) oxide cannot move through the air in the same way that carbon dioxide
can.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Name the process by which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose, C6H12O6, in green plants.
Give two conditions required for this process to occur.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction which occurs.
name of process ...............................................................................................................
condition 1 ........................................................................................................................
condition 2 ........................................................................................................................
chemical equation ............................................................................................................. [5]
[Total: 7]
7 A student determines the concentration of a solution of dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, by titration with
aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH.
3 3
step 1 25.0 cm of 0.200 mol / dm NaOH is transferred to a conical flask.
step 2 Three drops of methyl orange indicator are added to the conical flask.
step 3 A burette is filled with H2SO4.
step 4 The acid in the burette is added to the conical flask until the indicator changes colour. The
volume of acid is recorded. This process is known as titration.
step 5 The titration is repeated several times until a suitable number of results is obtained.
3 3
(a) Name the piece of apparatus used to measure exactly 25.0 cm of 0.200 mol / dm NaOH in
step 1.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State the colour change of the methyl orange indicator in step 4.
from ................................................................ to ................................................................
[1]
6
(c) State how the student decides that a suitable number of results have been obtained.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
8 Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate is used to test for the presence of water.
When this test is positive, hydrated copper(II) sulfate is formed.
(a) State the colour change seen during this test.
from ..................................................................................................................................
to ....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Complete the chemical equation to show the reaction that takes place.
CuSO4 + .................. → CuSO4•5H2O [1]
(c) State how hydrated copper(II) sulfate can be turned back into anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Describe a test for pure water.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
7
9 Complex carbohydrates are natural condensation polymers. They can be broken down into colourless
monomers which can then be separated and identified.
X is a complex carbohydrate.
Starting with a sample of X, describe how to produce, separate, detect and identify the monomers
which make it up.
Your answer should include:
● the name of the process used to break down X into its monomers
● two types of substance that can be used to break down X
● the name of the process used to separate the monomers
● the method used to detect the monomers after they have been separated
● the method used to identify the monomers after they have been separated and detected.
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.................................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 6]
10 Plants convert glucose into complex carbohydrates.
8
(a)
A unit of glucose can be represented as HO OH
Complete the diagram to show the complex carbohydrate formed from three units of glucose.
Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkages.
[2]
(b) Complex carbohydrates break down to form simple sugars.
State two ways that complex carbohydrates can be broken down into simple sugars.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(c) Name a suitable technique for separating and identifying the individual sugars formed when
complex carbohydrates are broken down.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 5]
11 Ester Y has the structure shown.
O H
H C O C H
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of
ester Y.
O
H
H C O C H
[3]
9
[Total: 3]
