moves @ 40 to 2 (b) 72 (d) 36 sg, The binding energy per nucleon for deuteron (211) and helium (3He) are 1:1 MeV and 7.0 MeV, The energy released when two deuterons fuse to form a helium nucleus is (a) 22 MeV () 23.6 Mev (©) 28:0 MeV @ 302 Mev 19, Let Ey and E be the binding energies of two nuclei ‘Aand B. It is observed that two nuclei of A combine together to form a B nucleus, This observation is correct only if (a) E,>E> (6) Ey <2E, (0 &>2E (d) nothing can be said 3 The binding energies of nuclei X and ¥ are E, and E, respectively. Two atoms of X fuse to give one atom of ¥ and an energy @ is released. Then (0) Q=2E,-E, (b) O=£)-28, () Q<2E,-E, (@) Q>E,-2E, ‘An element A decays into an element C by a two step process A — B + He and B—> C +2 e~. Then, (a) A and C are isotopes (6) Aand C are (0) Band C are isotopes (@) And B are isobars 32. Anucleus disintegrates into two nuclear parts which have their velocities in the ratio 2 : 1. The ratio of their nuclear sizes will be (a) 218 (b) 1:32 (9 321 @ 1:28 ' Consider the nuclear reaction 24200; 4110 4 390 4 Energy. If the binding energy Per nucleon for X, A and B is 7-4 MeV, 8:2 MeV and 82 MeV respectively, what is the energy released? (2) 200 Mev (6) 160 MeV (© 10 Mev (d) 90 MeV A Hotative substance decays as follows 3 obars x,y 4,7 yr Watomic and mass number of F are 69 and 172 spectively, what are their values for X ? () 2=72,4=180 (6). Z=71,A= 178 a2 NA=176 (d) Z=10,A=176 ‘adioactive nucleus P decays to element R through "eS of disintegrations as shown BP Os A-tp 5 a4 210 FR GAR As the nucleus disintegrates, emitted radiations are in the sequence (@) a By () Boy © Bye @ who 36. A nuclei with mass number m and atomic number n disintegrates emitting an o-particle and B-particle. The resulting nuclei has mass number and atomic - number respectively equal to (a) m~4,n-2 (b) m-2,n (© m-2n41 (@ m-4,n-1 37. When the radioactive isotope g4Ra°3° decays in a series by emission of three alpha particles and a beta particle, the isotope X which remains is (a) 49X24 () gaX8 Ce) 4X??? () gy 38. The end product of the decay of 33?Th is 23°Pb. The number alpha and beta particles emitted are respectively, @ 3,3 64 (©) 6,0 @ 4,6 39. An atom of mass number 15 and atomic number 7 captures an a-particle and then emits a proton. The mass number and atomic number of the resulting atom will be respectively (@) 14 and 2 () 15 and 3 (c) 16 and 4 (@) 18 and 8 40. When a deuterium is bombarded on ,0'* nucleus, an a-particle is em{tted, then the product nucleus is (a) NB @ Be (©) Be? (@ Nt 41. A nucleus with Z = 92 emits the following in a sequence. a, B, BY a, 0, , a, 0, Bs Br, a, BY, BY a. ‘The Z of the resulting nucleus is @ 74 (b) 76 (©) 8 @ 2 42. When 3Li7 nuclei are bombarded by protons and the resultant nuclei are sBe$, the emitted particles will be (a) neutrons (b) alpha particles (©) beta particles (d)_ gamma photons 43. A stationary nucleus of mass m emits ¥ radiation of energy E. If ¢ is the speed.of light in vacuum, then the recoil energy of the nucleus is (a) E Scanned with CamScanner4s. 47. 48. 49. 51. E © me (d) mi When a U?** nucleus originally emitting an alpha rest, decays by icle having a speed ‘u’, the recoil speed of the residual nucleus is 4u » a ©) 338 ae (d) 24 When 335U undergoes fission, 0:1% of its original ‘mass is changed into energy. How much energy is es fission? released if I kg of 335U_undergé (a) 9x 10105 (c) 9x 10124 (6) 9x 10"'5 (d) 9x 10835 If a star converts all helium in its core to oxygen, then the energy released per oxygen nuclei is [Mass of He = 4.0026 amu, Mass of O = 15-9994 amu] (@) 1024 Mev 0 (c) 7-56 MeV (d) 5 MeV In the nuclear fusion reaction, ;H? + ,H3 + jHe* +n, if the repulsive potential energy between the two nuclei is = 7-7 x 10-4 J, the temperature at which the gases must be heated to initiate the reaction is nearly (Boltzmann's constant k = 1-38 x 10°73 J/K] (a) 10°K (b) 107K (©) 10°K (d) 10K ‘The half life of a radioactive element which has only 1/32 of its original mass left after a lapse of 60 days is (@) 12 days (b) 32 days (©) 60 days (d) 64 days Bi?" has a half life of 5 days. The time taken for seven-eighth of a sample to decay is (a) 3-4 days (b) 10 days (©) 15 days (d) 20 days Half life of radioactive element is 40 minutes. What amount will remain undecayed after 4 hours? (@) 32 () 64 (© M28 (16 ‘The activity of a certain radioactive element drops to 1/64 of its initial value in 30 sec. Its half life is (a) 2 sec (b) 4 sec (c) 5 sec (d) 6 sec 52. 53. 54, 55, 56. 57, 58. 59, 60, A freshly prepared radioactive source of half tigg 2 hr emits radiation of intensity which is 64 t the permissible safe level. The minimum time a which it would be possible to work safely with thy source is (a) 6 br (b) 12 hr (c) 24 br (d) 128 br The tivity of a radioactive element decreased tg one third of the original activity Jy in a period of nine years. After a further lapse of nine years its activity will be (@) Iy () 213) by (©) Wy (d) 1/6 90% of a radioactive sample is teft undecayed after time (has elapsed. What percentage of the intial sample will decay in a total time 2 1, (a) 20% (b) 19% (© 40% (d) 38% The counting rate observed from radioactive source at £= 0 second was 1600 counts per second and at 1 = 8 seconds it was 100 counts per second. The counting rate observed, as counts per second at 1 = 6 seconds will be (a) 400 (b) 300 (c) 200 (d) 150 After 280 days, the activity of a radioactive sample is 6000 dps. The activity reduces to 3000 dps after another 140 days. The initial activity of the sample in dps is, (a) 6000 (b) 9000 (c) 3000 (a) 24000 The half-life of 113! is 8 days. Given a sample of 1151 aq time 1 = 0, we cah assert that (a) no nucleus will decay before 1 = 4 days (b) no nucleus will decay before t = 8 days (©) all nuclei will decay before ¢ = 16 days (@) a given nucleus may decay at any time after = 0 A sample of a radioactive substance has 108 nuclei. Its half life is 20 sec. The number of nuclei that will be left after 10 sec is approximately (a) 1x 108 (b) 2x 105 (c) 7x 108 (d) 8x 10° If Tis the half life of a radioactive material, then the fraction that would remain after a time 7/2 is (a) wa (b) 2 (©) 3/4 (a) (2-12 Ata given instant, 60% of the radioactive nucle a sample are left undecayed. After 20 s, 85% nv! i have disintegrated. Then, the mean life of nuclei # Scanned with CamScanneroe () 693s ios 3s (d) 12:86 ce jezay constant for the radioactive isotope $7Co ‘tie OX 1, The number of disintegrations taking Og isn ‘a milligram of pure 57Co per second is pe 6 () 3x 10" @ 0 7 (3x10 (d) 3x 10 radioactive substances X and Y initially contain oFrumber of nuclei. X has half life of 1 hour cay has half life of 2 hours. After 2 hours, the s ti of the activity of X to that of Y is are () 1:2 al @ 2:1 {4 to radioactive substances A and B have hall lives » tf Tand2 Trespectively. Samples of A and B contain tausl number of nuclei initially. After a time 4 7, the ratio of the (number of nuclei of A unchanged) tp (number of nuclei of B unchanged) is wis (1:2 (zt Mad . A radioactive isotope X with a half life of 137 x 10° years decays to Y which is stable. A sample of rock from the moon was found to contain both X and Y in the ratio I : 7. The age of the rock is (a) 1:96 x 108 years (b) 3-85 x 10° years (c) 411 x 109 years (d) 9-59 x 10° years . The activity of a radioactive substance is Ry at time ty and Ry at time t, (> 14). Its decay constant is A. Thea, (0) Ry y= Ry ty (b) R= R-) a Mtg) = constant (d) Ry = Re™274 “ & certin radioactive material can undergo three diferent types of decay, each with a different decay Constant 2, 2 4 and 3 2. Then, the effective decay Constant yg is given by B x 1 2h yp, 3D ‘Bs FIGURE 20.32 67. 68. 69. 70. ie 2, A+2A+390 (0) egg = = @.- ali ale xx) Jeg BRT IKK A radioactive substance decays by two different processes having half lives 1, and ty respectively: When both decays take place simultaneously, the effective half life of substance is 4th he @ + © F445 hth ©) Vib O “ih A radioactive material has a half life of 600 years and 300 years for a and fi emissions respectively. The material decays by simultaneous a and B emissions. What is time in which 3/4th of the material will decay? (a) 600 years (6) 900 years (©) 200 years (@) 400 years A radioactive substance decays so that 3% of its initial nuclei remain after 60 seconds. The half life period of the substance is nearly (@ 1738 () 12s 4 (©) 308 (d) 608 For light of wavelength 5000 A, the photon energy is nearly 2-5 eV. For X-rays of wavelength 1 A, the photon energy will be close to (@) 25+ 5000eV — (b) 2.5 + (5000)? eV (©) 25x 5000eV — (d) 2-5 x (5000)? eV ‘A microwave and an ultrasonic wave have the same wavelength. Their frequencies are approximately in. the ratio g (@) 108: 1 (©) 107: 1 We can state that 1. the energy E of a photon of frequency vis E = hy where / is Planck’s constant 2, (6) 10831 (@ 1:1 the momentum p of a photon is p = h/A where i. is the wavelength of the photon. : From 1 and 2, we may conclude that the wave velocity of light is equal to (a) 3 x 108 misec (6) the ratio of Elp (©) the product of E and p (@) the ratio (E/py? Scanned with CamScanner7. 74, 75. 79. ‘The momentum of a photon of an electromagnetic radiation is 3-3 x 102? kg mvs. The frequency of the associated waves iy (h = 66x 10° Js, ¢ = 3 x 108 avs) (a) 3.0.x 10° He (b) 6.0% 108 Hz (©) 75x 10P He (dy U5 x 108 He An ALR. station is broadcasting the waves of Wavelength 300 metre. If the radiating power of transmitter ts 10 KW, then the number of photons radiated per see is (a) 15x 10" (hy) 15x 108! fe) LS x 10% (d) 15 x 1085 A photosensitive surface is receiving light of wavelength 5000 A at the rate of 10-7 J/s. The number of photons received per second is fa) 25 x 10? (b) 2-5 x 10!! (co) 25% 10° (d) 25% 10° Ultraviolet fight of wavelength 300 nm and intensity 1.0 watvm? falls on the surface of a photosensitive matenal If one percent of the incident photons produce photoelectrons, then the number, of photoelectrons emitted from an area of 1.0 em? of the surface is nearly (a) 9-61 x 10!4 per sec (b) 412 x 10! per sec fc) 151 x 10! per see (d) 2-13 x 10!! per sec ‘A photon having wavelength 6000 A moves from Vacuum to a medium of refractive index 1-5. The Values of photon energy in vacuum and in the medium are (a) 2:06 eV and 3.09 eV (b) 2:06 eV and 1:37 eV (c) 2.06 eV and 2.06 eV (d) 1-37 eV and 2:06 eV Light of frequency vg (the threshold frequency) is incident on photosensitive material. If the frequency is halved and intensity is doubled, the photocurrent becomes (a) quadrupled () doubled (c) halved (@) zer0 In photoelectric effect, we assume that the photon energy is proportional to its frequency and is completely absorbed by the electrons in the metal. ‘Then the photoelectric saturation current (a) decreases when the frequency of the incident photon increases, (b) increases when the frequency of the incident photon increases, (c) does not depend on the photon frequency but only on the intensity of the incident beam 82. 83. (d) depends both on the intensity and frequency of the incident beam “The frequency and the intensity of the incident beam of light falling on the surface of photoelectric material is increased by a factor of two. This will (a) not produce any effect on the K.B. of the emitted electrons but will increase the photoelectric current by factor of two. increase the maximum K.E. of the photoelectrons by a factor of two and will have no effect on the magnitude of the photoelectric (b) current produced. ‘ (e) increase the maximum K.E. of the photo- electrons and would increase the photoelectric ’ current by a factor of two. increase the minimum K.E. of the photoelectrons, as well as the photoelectric current both by a factor of wo. The maximum kinetic energy (Kyay) of photoelectrons emitted in a photoelectric cell is measured using lights of various frequency v. The — slope of the graph is equal to (a) charge on an electron (b) work-function of emitter 3 (c) velocity of photon ‘ (d) Planck's constant . ‘The work function of a metallic surface is 5-01 eV, | (dd) Photoelectrons are emitted when light of wavelength 2000 A falls on it. The potential difference required to stop the fastest photoelectrons is, (h= 414 x 107 eVs) (a) 12 (b) 24V (0) 36V (d) 48V In a photoelectric cell, the current stops when the: collecting plate is one volt negative with respect f0 the emitting metal: The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is (@ ler As (©) 6x 10-195 (d) 16x 10" eV Given that a photon of light of wavelength 10000 angstrom has an energy equal to 1-23 eV. When light of wavelength 5000 angstrom and intensity fo falls on a photoelectric cell, the saturation current 18 0-40 x 10-° ampere and the stopping potential is 1:36 volt. Then, the work function is (a) 043 eV (b) 110eV (c) 1:36 eV (d) 247 eV ‘A photo cell is illuminated by a small bright source placed 1 m away. When the same source of light placed 2 maway, which of the following is true about the electrons emitted by the photo cathode? Scanned with CamScannerN PHTo carry one quarter of their previous energy cary one quarter of their previous momenta yooe® @ a (0 7 pe one-quarter as numerous (oA Ronochromatic point source of light is at a when 2970.2 m from a photoelectric cel, the cut- sitar ge and the saturation current are respectively ar ‘and 18-0 mA. If the same source is placed os away from the photoelectric cell, then 1 he stopping potential will be 0-2 volt : i the stopping potential will be 0-6 volt (ge stration current will be 60 mA (a) the saturation current will be 12.0 mA adations of to photons with energies twice and fre times the work function of metal, are incident iMeessively on the metal surface. The ratio of the stnimum velocity of photoelectrons emitted in the two cases will be ne (1:2 (c) 1:3 (d) 1:4 13, The velocity of the most energetic electron emitted from a metallic surface is doubled when the frequency v of incident radiation is doubled. The work function of this metal is a. hy 2 (@ 5 (b) hy oF (@) zero When a certain metallic surface is illuminated with monochromatic light of wavelength A, the stopping Potential for photoelectric current is 3 Vo. When the ‘same surface is illuminated with light of wavelength 24, the stopping potential is Vo. The threshold Ravelength for this surface for photoelectric effect ® 62 (6) 403 [ 42 (d) BA in irradiated with light of wavelength 480 nm ei of eetoNS with maximum velocity v ms, the ‘Wavelength being 600 nm. The same surface Woul 4 release elecirons with maximum velocity San a Ts if it irradiated by light of wavelength rm 30 om (6) 360 nm 51 pet am (d) 400 nm lstoppi sop ne Potentials corresponding to wavelengths then, the 4500 A are 1-3 V and 0-9 V respectively, a cs rian function of the metal is nay BES e 92. 94. 95. 96. 97. Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface, when light of wavelength 2 is incident on it, is 1 eV. When a light of wavelength 23 is incident on the surface, maximum kinetic energy becomes 4 times. The work function of the metal is (a) heh. (b) hel3 & (c) 2 hel (d) hcl2 > Radiations of frequency v are incident on a photo sensitive metal. The maximum kinetic energy of the photo electrons is E. When the frequency of the incident radiations is doubled, what is the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons? (a) 2E ()4E (c) E+ hv (d) E-Ww ‘A photon of frequency v causes the emission of a photoelectron of maximum kinetic energy E from a metal. If a photon of frequency 3 v is incident on the same metal, the maximum kinetic energy of emitted photoelectron (a) equals 3 E (c) is less than 3 E (d) may be equal to less than or greater than 3 E In a photoemissive cell, with exciting wavelength Ay, the maximum kinetic energy of electron is K. If the exciting wavelength is changed to A3, the maximum kinetic energy of electron is 2 K. Then (@ Ay=2%, (b) Ay>2Ay ay (b) is greater than 3 E @ A= (0) Ay<2%y 2 Let K, be the maximum kinetic energy of photo- electrons emitted by light of wavelength 2, and K corresponding to wavelength 4. If Ay = 2 2, then (a) 2K,=Ky (b) Ky =2Ky (©) Ky < Ky (@ K,>2K, According to Einstein's photoelectric equation, the plot of the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons from a metal versus frequency of the incident radiation gives a straight line whose slope (a) depends on the nature of metal used (6) depends on the intensity of radiation (©) depends on both the intensity of radiation and the nature of the metal used (d) is the same for all metals and independent of the intensity of radiation The anode voltage of a photocell 1s kept fixed. The wavelength 2 of the light falling on the cathode is gradually changed. The plate current J of the photocell varies as follows Scanned with CamScannerI I (@) t ot 1 1 I I © + @ + i — 99, The figure shows the variation of photo current with anode potential for a photosensitive surface for three different radiations. Let J, , 1, and J, be the intensities and f, . f, and f, be the frequencies for the curves a, b and c respectively. Then, Photo Current © Anode Potential _ FIGURE 20.33 and /,#1, (6) fy =f. and I, =1, I, (d) fy=f- and I, =I, 100, Which of the following figures represents the variation of particle momentum and associated de- Broglie wavelength? Sr i P| P| ol \ al 7 7 101, The de-Broglie wavelength of an electron having kinetic energy 150 eV is A. What will be the wavelength of the same electron, when its kinetic energy is 600 eV? (a) 42 (by 2A (©) M4 a 2 102, A proton and an a-particle are accelerated through the same potential differences. The rato of their de-Broglie wavelengths is @ 2 b) v2V2 (22 103. Which of the particles: neutron, proton, electron or deuteron has the lowest energy if all have the same de-Broglie wavelength? (a) neutron (6) proton (©) electron (@) deuteron 104, A proton when accelerated through 24000 V has a wavelength associated with it, An alpha particle, in order to have the same wavelength, must be accelerated through (a) 24000 V (0) 9600 V (c) 12000 V (d) 3000 V 105, Two electrons are moving with the same speed y One electron enters a region of uniform electric field while the other enters a region of uniform magnetic field. Then after some time, if the de-Broglie wavelengths of the two are 2, and Ay, then @ =a () A> (AKA (d) Ay a, (a) none of these 107, A particle of mass 3m at rest decays into two particles of masses m and 2 m having non-zero velocities. The ratio of the de-Broglie wavelengths of the particles 4,/2 is (@) 12 (b) Vs () 2 (d) none of these 108, The energy of photon is equal to the hineti €0e*eY of a proton. The energy of the photon 1s & Let hy the de-Broglie wavelength of the prow and &; the wavelength of the photon. The ratio Ay’; proportional to (a) E° to Et W 2 (a) EY? Wd) EF Scanned with CamScanner