FACULTY OF LAW

UNIVERSITY OF ALLAHABAD

SYLLABUS B.A.LL.B. (Hons.): FIVE YEAR INTEGRATED COURSE

SEMESTER-III

PAPER-I
Political Science-IV
The Constitution of India

Unit - I
Part-I Constitutional Development in India
1. Factors influencing constitutional development: Colonialism and
Nationalism in India; Meaning, Nature and Different Stages.
2. Major Pre-Constitutional Acts: From Regulation Act to the Act of 1935.

Unit - II
3. Making of the Indian Constitution: Organisation, Powers and Functions
of constituent Assembly.
Part-II The Constitution of India
4. The Philosophy of the Constitution: The objectives Resolution,
Preamble.

Unit - III
5. Salient Features of the constitution.
6. Legislatures: (i) Union Legislature and officers of Parliament.
(ii) State Legislature.

Unit - IV
7. Executive: (i) Union Executive; President, Prime Minister and the
Council of Ministers.
(ii) State Executive: Governor, Chief Minister and the Council of
Ministers.
8. Federalism: Nature of Indian federalism, Centre-State Relations.
 Semester III

PAPER-II

History III

1. Unit I: Social Reform Movements (Brahmo Samaj, Prarthana Samaj,

Arya Samaj, Ramkrishna Mission, Swami Vivekanand, Theosophical
Society.)
2. Unit II: From 1600-1836:
a. Charters of the East India company: 1600, 1661
b. Settlements: Surat, Madras, Bombay
c. Courts Mayor's Court of 1726 and Supreme Court of 1774
d. Statutes : Regulating Act, 1773; The Act of Settlement 1781
e. Adalat System: Warren Hastings's Judicial Plans of 1772, 1774 and
1780; Lord Cornwallis "s Judicial Plans of 1787, 1790 and 1793 Lord
William Bentinck "s Judicial Reforms.

3. Unit III: Evolution of Law & Legal Institutions:

a. Development of Personal Laws, Criminal Law & Civil Law
b. Codification of Laws: Charter of 1833, The First Law Commission,
The Second Law Commission.
c. Establishment of High Courts under The India High Courts Act,
1861
d. Privy Council and Federal Court : An Appraisal
e. Indian Councils Act 1861, Government of India Act, 1892, 1909,
1919, 1935, 1947
4. Unit IV: Freedom, Movement and Making of the Indian Constitution.

Recommended Text Books:

a) D.D.Kosambi Ancient Indian History and Culture Delhi 1969 reprint
b) P.V.Kane. History of Dharmashastras
c) Champak Laxmi. Cholas
d) Nilkanth Shastri.History of South India
e) K.P. Jaiswal - Indian Polity 150-350 AD
f) K.A.Nizami Some aspects of Religion and Politics in 13 th century
India
g) A.L. Basham, the Wonder that was India, Part-I, Rupa & Co.
h) S.A.A Rizvi, The Wonder that was india, Part –II
i) K.S. Lal History of Khilji's
j) Yusuf Hussain Indo-Muslim Polity
PAPER-III
Law of Tort, M.V. Accident and Consumer Protection Law
Unit - I
1. Nature: (i) Definition and Essential Elements of Tort, Scope of Law of Tort.
(ii) Difference between Tort and Crime, Tort and Contract, Tort and Quasi-
Contract, Tort and Trust, (iii) Fault and No Fault Liability. (iv) Whether it is
Law of Torts or Law of Tort?
2. Basic Maxims: (i) Ubi jus ibi remedium (ii)Injuria sine damno (iii)Damnun
sine injuria.
3. General Defences: (i) Volenti non fit injuria. (ii) Act of God, Inevitable
Accident, Statutory Authority, Act of Necessity.
4. Remoteness of Damage (Remoteness of Consequences)
Unit - II
5. Vicarious Liability: Nature of Vicarious Liability (i) Master and Servant
Relationship (ii) State Liability
6. Strict Liability and Absolute Liability
7. Joint Tort feasers.
8. Tort against Person: (a) Assault (b) Battery (c) False Imprisonment
9. Malicious Prosecution
Unit - III
10. Negligence: Definition, Essential elements, Res Ipsa Loquitur, Product
Liability due to negligence of manufacturer, Contributory Negligence, Last
Opportunity rule.
11. Nuisance: Meaning, Elements, Kinds of Nuisance, Defences.
12. Defamation: Meaning, Kinds, Essential Elements and Defences.
13. Torts against Property: Trespass, Deceit.
Unit - IV
14. Consumer Protection Act, 1986:
(a) Definition: (i) Consumer, Services Goods, Defect & Deficiency, Unfair
Trade Practices, Restrictive Trade Practices, Manufacturer, Trader,
Complaint, Consumer. (ii) Consumers Councils, Their role, Rights of
Consumer.
(b) Redressal Forums: District Forum, State Commission and National
Commission, Their Constitution and Powers.
15. Motor Vehicle Act (with special reference to rights of victim of Motor Vehicle
accident and liabilities of Insurance Company.

REFERENCES:
1- Winfield on the Law of Tort.
2- Salmond on the Law of Torts.
3- Ramaswamy Iyer’s the Law of Torts.
4- Ratanlal and Dheeraj Lal on the Law of Tort.
5- R.K. Bangia: Law of Torts.
6- R.W.M. Dais: Tort Law.
7- Weir: Cases and material on the Law of Tort
PAPER-IV
Constitutional Law –I
Unit - I
1 Nature of Constitution of India, Its salient features and pre-amble
2 Citizenship
Unit - II
3 Union and State Executive
4 Parliament and State Legislature-General, Officers of parliament,
disqualification of members, powers privileges and immunities of parliament,
state legislatures and its members, legislative procedure
Unit - III
5 Union and State Judiciary; Appointment of Judges, Jurisdiction, Independence
of Judiciary
6 Centre-State Relations
Unit - IV
7 Trade, Commerce clause
8 Services under Union and States
9 Elections
10 Official Language
Reference:
1 Constitutional Law of India by M.P.Jain
2 Constitutional Law of India by V.N.Shukla
3 Constitutional Law of India by H.M. Seervani
4 Constitutional Law of India by D.D. Basu
5 Constitutional Law of India by J.N. Pandey
PAPER-V
LAW OF CONTRACT-I
LAW OF CONTRACT ( GENERAL PRINCIPLES): SECTION 1 TO 75 OF THE
INDIAN CONTRACT ACT:
Unit - I
1. Introduction: Meaning and Kinds of Contract.
2. Essential Elements of a Contract.
3. Proposal:
(i) Meaning, Elements, Kinds of Proposal (or Offer). Rules relating to
Communication of Proposal and Revocation of Proposal, Modes of
Revocation of Proposal.
(ii) Meaning of Promise, Reciprocal Promise and Agreement.
4. Acceptance: Meaning, Elements, Rules regarding Communication and
Revocation of Acceptance.
Unit - II
5. Consideration: Meaning & Elements, Past Consideration, Doctrine of Privity
of Contract.
What Consideration and Objects are lawful and what not, Exceptions to the
rule “an agreement without consideration is void.”
6. Competence of parties to a Contract with special reference to minor’s
agreement.
7. Free consent: Factors vitiating free consent - Coercion, Undue influence,
Fraud, Mis-representation, Mistake.
Unit - III
8. Void Agreements with special reference to Agreement in Restraint of Trade,
Sale of Goodwill, Wagering Agreement: Meaning, Nature
9. Contingent contract: Meaning, Nature and circumstances when a contract is
Contingent.
10. Discharge of Contract: Modes- Specific Performance, Breach of Contract
including Anticipatory breach of contract
Unit - IV
11. Impossibility of Performance (Doctrine of Frustration of Contract)
12. Novation of Contract, Alteration of Contract.
13. Quasi Contract: Meaning and circumstances when there will be Quasi
Contract.

14. Measures and Kinds of Damages.

REFERENCES:
1- Law of Contract by Anson.
2- Law of Contract by Cheshire and Fifoot.
3- Law of Contract by Mulla
4- Law of Contract by Avatar Singh
5- Law of Contract by T.R. Desai
PAPER-VI
FAMILY LAW –I
Unit - I
1. Introduction: Outlines of Hindu and Muslim personal laws: with reference to
sources and Schools.
2. Conditions for a valid marriage under the Hindu Law, Muslim Law and the
Special marriages Act, 1954 – A comparative study
(a) Ceremonies
(b) Prohibited Degree of Relationship
(c) Sapinda
(d) Disabilities under Muslim Law and their effects
3. Kinds of Marriage (in the Hindu Law, Muslim Law and the Special Marriage
Act, 1954)
(a) Valid
(b) Void
(c) Voidable
(d) Irregular
(e) Temporary
Unit - II
4. The Nature and Effect of a marriage vis-a-vis the Child Marriage Restraint
Act, 1978.
5. The nature of Marriage under Hindu and Muslim Law.
6. The Divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (Grounds and their Effects).
Unit - III
7. The Divorce under the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939 (Grounds and
their Effects).
8. The Divorce under the Special Marriage Act, 1954(Grounds and their Effects).
9. Divorce by mutual consent: ‘Khula’ and ‘Mubaraat’ under Muslim Law and
Divorce by mutual consent under the Hindu Law.
Unit - IV
10. Extra Judicial Divorce (without intervention of the Court) under Muslim Law
with special reference to modern Judicial Approach in the area of talak.
11. The conditions and Effects of
(a) Talaq
(b) Talaqe tafweed

REFERENCES:
1- Muslim Law by A.A.A. Fyzee.
2- Muslim Law by R.K. Sinha.
3- Muslim Law by Tahir Mahmood.
4- Muslim Law by D.F. Mulla.
5- Muslim Law by Tyabjee.
6- Hindu Law by D.F. Mulla
7- Hindu Law by Paras Diwan
8- Mohammdan Law by Syed Ameer Ali vol. 1 & 2
9- Mohammdan Law by Aquil Ahmad