Juan Sebastian gutierrez prada
franco bisignano chacin
CELL
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The nucleus is a pivotal
organelle responsible for A nucleotide is the basic
regulating almost all forms of building block of nucleic acids
cellular activities. (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide
consists of a sugar molecule
(either ribose in RNA or
deoxyribose in DNA) attached to
a phosphate group and a
nitrogen-containing base.
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The nuclear membrane, also known 4
as the nuclear envelope, is a
double-layered membrane that
encloses the cell’s nucleus. The Cytoplasm is the gelatinous
nuclear membrane separates the liquid that fills the inside of
contents of the nucleus from the a cell. It is composed of
rest of the cell. water, salts, and various
organic molecules.
Mitochondria are membrane-bound
cell organelles (mitochondrion,
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singular) that generate most of The vacuole is a cytoplasmic
the chemical energy needed to organelle that contains fluid,
power the cell's biochemical bounded by a membrane which is
reactions. identical to the plasma
membrane.
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A ribosome is an intercellular
structure made of both RNA and The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
protein, and it is the site of (smooth ER) is a crucial membranous
protein synthesis in the cell. organelle found in most eukaryotic
The ribosome reads the cells. The rough endoplasmic
messenger RNA reticulum has on it ribosomes,
which are small, round organelles
whose function it is to make those
proteins.
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Lysosomes are specialized vesicles
within cells that digest large 10
molecules through the use of
hydrolytic enzymes. Vesicles are Golgi apparatus, is a cell
small spheres of fluid surrounded by organelle that helps process
a lipid bilayer membrane, and they and package proteins and lipid
have roles in transporting molecules molecules, especially proteins
within the cell. destined to be exported from
the cell.
CELL
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Centrioles are paired barrel-shaped
organelles located in the cytoplasm of
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animal cells near the nuclear envelope. The cell membrane, also known as
Centrioles play a role in organizing the plasma membrane, is a double
microtubules that serve as the cell's layer of lipids and proteins that
skeletal system. They help determine surrounds a cell. It separates
the locations of the nucleus and other the cytoplasm (the contents of
organelles within the cell. the cell) from the external
environment. It is a feature of
all cells, both prokaryotic and
eukaryotic.
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Nucleoplasm The nucleus is the 14
largest organelle in the human
cell and measures approximately 6
micrometers in diameter. It is
enclosed by the nuclear membrane
The cytoskeleton is a network
and contains a semi-fluid liquid,
of filaments and tubules that
known as the nucleosol. Transport
extends throughout a cell,
between the cytosol and nucleosol
through the cytoplasm, which is
is controlled by nuclear pores.
all of the material within a
cell except for the nucleus.
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Microfilaments, also called
actin filaments, are polymers
of the protein actin that are
part of a cell’s cytoskeleton.
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Secretory vesicles Secretory
vesicles play an important role
in moving molecules outside of
the cell, through a process
called exocytosis.
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Peroxisomes are subcellular
organelles that play a central role
in human physiology by catalyzing a 18
range of unique metabolic
functions. The importance of Microtubules are microscopic hollow
peroxisomes for human health is tubes made of the proteins alpha
exemplified by the existence of a and beta tubulin that are part of a
group of usually severe diseases cell’s cytoskeleton, a network of
caused by an impairment in one or protein filaments that extends
more peroxisomal functions. throughout the cell, gives the cell
shape, and keeps its organelles in
place.
ADN
1
Chromosomes are thread-like structures 2
located inside the nucleus of animal
and plant cells. Each chromosome is A nucleosome is a section of DNA
made of protein and a single molecule that is wrapped around a core of
of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Passed proteins. Inside the nucleus, DNA
from parents to offspring, DNA contains forms a complex with proteins called
the specific instructions that make chromatin, which allows the DNA to
each type of living creature unique. be condensed into a smaller volume.
When the chromatin is extended and
viewed under a microscope, the
structure resembles beads on a
string.
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A histone is a protein that
provides structural support for a
chromosome. Each chromosome
contains a long molecule of DNA,
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which must fit into the cell The gene is considered the basic unit of
nucleus. To do that, the DNA wraps inheritance. Genes are passed from parents
around complexes of histone to offspring and contain the information
proteins, giving the chromosome a needed to specify physical and biological
more compact shape. traits. Most genes code for specific
proteins, or segments of proteins, which
have differing functions within the body.
Humans have approximately 20,000 protein-
coding genes.
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Guanine (G) is one of the four
nucleotide bases in DNA, with the other Cytosine (C) is one of the four
three being adenine (A), cytosine (C) nucleotide bases in DNA, with the other
and thymine (T). Within a double- three being adenine (A), guanine (G)
stranded DNA molecule, guanine bases on and thymine (T). Within a double-
one strand pair with cytosine bases on stranded DNA molecule, cytosine bases
the opposite strand. The sequence of on one strand pair with guanine bases
the four nucleotide bases encodes DNA’s on the opposite strand. The sequence of
information. the four nucleotide bases encodes DNA’s
information.
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Adenine (A) is one of the four
Thymine (T) is one of the four
nucleotide bases in DNA, with the
nucleotide bases in DNA, with the
other three being cytosine (C),
other three being adenine (A),
guanine (G) and thymine (T). Within
cytosine (C) and guanine (G).
a double-stranded DNA molecule,
Within a double-stranded DNA
adenine bases on one strand pair
molecule, thymine bases on one
with thymine bases on the opposite
strand pair with adenine bases on
strand.
the opposite strand.
