- GeoScience-
WELL
LOGGING
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
WHAT IS WELL
LOGGING ?
Logging is the continuous recording of the
characteristics of a geological formation
(physical, acoustic, electrical, etc.) penetrated
by a borehole as a function of depth.
The logging operation consists of descending
tools into the borehole to record the
characteristics of the subsurface, core sampling
and tests.
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
LOGGING TOOLS
Or Combined
For Core
sampling
Can be for
One
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
Recognize lithology: petrophysical evaluation allows direct recognition of the nature of
facies; it gives direct results on the nature of facies, more likely than geophysical
interpretation, which gives an image of the subsurface that defines horizons.
Describe the characteristics and behavior of the formation, and predict wellbore stability
Identify the source rock and the reservoir: Evaluation of reservoirs and reserves
Correlation between several wells enables us to understand the evolution and continuity
of the basin.
For further study, it enables decision-making on reservoir development, simulation and
production enhancement.
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
BASIC WORKFLOW
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
DATA
CONDITIONNING
Files : Format (Dlis,
Las, Asci, Json)
DataBase : depends on
which database are saved
in; ex : Oracle
Softwre package : Many
softwares are used in the
petrophysical interpretation; Ex :
Techlog, Geolog, Scincus,
Openflow
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
DATA QC
Casing : The reading in casing need to be removed.
First Reading : depends on position on tool string,
so anything recorded below the first reading need
to be removed.
Depth shifting : need to be fix, stretch and squeeze.
Effect of Tool Sticking : The sticking of tool are
indicated by TENS log.
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
KEY PARAMETERS OF
PETROPHYSCIAL
INTERPRETATION
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
CALIPER AND BS
© Paul W.J. Glover
Caliper and BS for well conditions: overlaying Caliper and
BS can give accurate information on the status of our
recordings, based on Caliper's variation on the BS scale, it
can indicate a cavings or sloughing if a flag is indicated,
and it can be on the gauge when both are overlaid.
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BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
RADIOACTIVITY
© Paul W.J. Glover
Radioactivity logs are logs based on the nuclear radiations
of the formations, that can be naturally emitted from rocks
such as Gamma-ray and Spectral Gamma ray, or measured
from the scattering and the response of the formations to
radiation such as Neutron_Density logs.
Sedimentary rocks, three elements contribute to Gamma-
ray radioactivity: Thorium, Potassium and Uranium. The
variations between these elements are good indicator of
the mineralogy and the depositional environment.
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
ELECTRICAL LOGS
Electrical logs measure the electrical properties of rocks
and fluids in a borehole, and can include measurements © Paul W.J. Glover
such as resistivity, conductivity and SP.
Resistivity : refer to measurements to determine the
electrical resistivity of the formations. Its the ability of
rock to transmit current depends almost entirely on the
presence of water in the pores.
There are various tools for measuring the resistivity of
formations; Whatever the tool, the measurement requires
a transmitter sending an electrical or electromagnetic
signal and a receiver located at a certain distance from
the source to record the responses.
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
NEUTRON Φ_DENSITYΦ
Neutron_Density Porosity logs are used to calculate porosity
and are usually placed on the same track, opposite one
another, to obtain an accurate lithology, © Paul W.J. Glover
Density is an induced nuclear logging technique that uses
radioactive sources to emit gamma rays. It is a measure of
the gamma radiation produced by the emission of the same
radiation (gamma-gamma) and depends on matrix density,
porosity and the density of the fluids filling the pores;
Neutron: this is a nuclear method based on the emission of
high-velocity, high-energy neutrons from a radioactive
source. Depending on the number of hits, it can be used to
assess rock porosity;
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
SONIC
© Paul W.J. Glover
Sonic : measures the wave propagation time through
geological formations.
Sonic can be used to determine several parameters,
such as lithology, porosity and permeability.
Ex. Active Damping
of Acoustic Ringing
Effect for Oil Well
Sonic Logging
System by Xingyong
Song, Yiming Zhao,
Jason D. Dykstra
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
OTHER LOGS
SP BHI NMR
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
MUD
LOGGING
Mud logging is an integral part of
the drilling operation, involving the
continuous inspection of drilling
mud and cuttings during the
drilling process.
Mud logging directly identifies
geological facies and provides
information on the presence of
fluids and hydrocarbons.
It plays an important role in
maintaining wellbore stability, as it
is a real-time method.
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
CBL
Cement bond logging is an acoustic device used to detect
the presence or absence of a cement bond between the
casing and the formation.
Verification of CBL logs is can be evaluated for petrophysical
interpretation,
as it can provide valuable information not
only on the state of the cement, but also
on whether the logs are reading the
formation.
CBL-VDL logs consist of a gamma-ray log, a
transit time, a casin collar locator (CCL), an
amplitude and a variable density log (VDL).
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
PERSPECTIVE
Well logging is a set of aspects that integrates petrophysical evaluation,
core sampling, mud logging reports and testing. All these studies are
integrated to obtain a better assessment and reduce uncertainties.
Given the massive amount of data involved, the petrophysicist relied on
AI to analyze and learn from. AI has proven its accuracy in real-time
decision-making.
Petrophysical evaluation also plays a crucial role in the energy transition,
as understanding and characterizing the behavior and nature of the
subsurface will help us to assess feasibility and opportunity. For
example, in the case of CCUS, this will enable us to store our CO2 in
optimal conditions and avoid any leaking.
BERKAT Sabrine_GeoScience Engineer
FOLLOW
FOR MORE
BERKAT SABRINE
GeoScience Engineer
REFERENCES
The History of Well Logging, by Integrity Wireline
Lithology Identification From Well Logs , by Petroshine
Basic Well Log Analysis, By George Asquith and Daniel Krygowski
Petrophysics, by Dr. Paul W.J. Glover
