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001basic of Particle Systems

The document describes the basics of particle systems for computer graphics and animation. Particle systems use emitters to generate many point-like particles that are simulated using physical forces and integrated over time. Simple particle systems can create realistic effects like smoke, fire, and water using only position, velocity, and color properties for each particle.

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iimsheung
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18 views50 pages

001basic of Particle Systems

The document describes the basics of particle systems for computer graphics and animation. Particle systems use emitters to generate many point-like particles that are simulated using physical forces and integrated over time. Simple particle systems can create realistic effects like smoke, fire, and water using only position, velocity, and color properties for each particle.

Uploaded by

iimsheung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basics of Particle Systems

Types of Animation
►Keyframing
►Procedural
►Physically-based
►Particle Systems
►Continuum Mechanics (fluids, etc.), finite
elements
►Rigid body simulation
Types of Animation
►Keyframing
►Procedural
►Physically-based
►Particle Systems
►Continuum Mechanics (fluids, etc.), finite
elements
►Rigid body simulation
Types of Animation: Physically-Based
► Assign physical properties to objects
►Masses, forces, etc.
► Procedural forces (like wind)
► Simulate physics by solving equations of motion
►Rigid bodies, fluids, plastic deformation, etc.
► Realistic but difficult to control

v0

Keating from Pexels


m g

Photo by George
Types of Dynamics
► Points
Types of Dynamics
► Points

► Rigid body
Types of Dynamics
► Points

► Rigid body

► Deformable body
(include clothes, fluids, smoke, etc.)

Mark Carlson
We Focus on Point Dynamics
► Lots of points!
► Particles systems
►Borderline between procedural and
physically-based
Unity Particle Pack

https://youtu.be/mAHIKxu7pnw
Outline
► Particle Systems Overview
► Simple Particle System
►Algorithm
►Math (Solving ODE)
Outline
► Particle Systems Overview
► Simple Particle System
►Algorithm
►Math (Solving ODE)
Particle Systems Overview
► Emitters generate tons of “particles”

Sprinkler Waterfall Chimney

Image Jeff Lander


Particle Systems Overview
► Emitters generate tons of “particles”

Emitter

Emitter

Emitter

Image Jeff Lander


Particle Systems Overview
► Emitters generate tons of “particles”
► Describe the external forces with a force field

Gravity

Wind

Wind

Image Jeff Lander


Particle Systems Overview
► Emitters generate tons of “particles”
► Describe the external forces with a force field
► Integrate the laws of mechanics (ODEs)
►Makes the particles move

v0
m g
Particle Systems Overview
► Emitters generate tons of “particles”
► Describe the external forces with a force field
► Integrate the laws of mechanics (ODEs)
► In the
simplest case, each particle is
independent
Particle Systems Overview
► Emitters generate tons of “particles”
► Describe the external forces with a force field
► Integrate the laws of mechanics (ODEs)
► In the
simplest case, each particle is
independent
Photo by Fancycrave.com from Pexels
► If there
is enough randomness (in particular at
the emitter) you get nice effects
►sand, dust, smoke, sparks, flame, water, …

Photo by Hasan Albari from Pexels


https://youtu.be/heW3vn1hP2E
Sprinkler

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhvH12nC6_Q
Fire

https://youtu.be/NiNJyTLG6qs
Particle Systems in Games

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqMw4cI8e9c
Outline
► Particle Systems Overview
► Simple Particle System
►Algorithm
►Math (Solving ODE)
What is a Particle System?
► Collection of many small simple point-like things
►Described by their current state: position,
velocity, age, color, etc.
► Particle motion influenced by external force
fields and internal forces between particles
► Particles created by generators or emitters
►With some randomness
► Particles often have lifetimes
► Treat
as points for dynamics, but
rendered as anything you want
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;

Emitter (0, 0, 0)
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are

Emitter (0, 0, 0)
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step

Emitter (0, 0, 0)
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0);
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd());
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd());
PL->add(p);

1 1st group
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0);
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd());
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd()); 11 1st group
PL->add(p); 1
For each particle p in PL
Emitter
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0);
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd());
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd()); 11 1st group
PL->add(p); 1
For each particle p in PL
2 2nd group
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0); 1
1 1st group
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd()); 12
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd());
2 2 2nd group
PL->add(p);
For each particle p in PL
Emitter
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0); 1
1 1st group
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd()); 12
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd());
2 2 2nd group
PL->add(p);
For each particle p in PL
3 3rd group
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles 1
p=new particle(); 1 1st group
2
p->position=(0,0,0); 1
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd()); 2 2 2nd group
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd());
3
PL->add(p); 3 3 3rd group
For each particle p in PL
Emitter
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles 1
p=new particle(); 1 1st group
2
p->position=(0,0,0); 1
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd()); 2 2 2nd group
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd());
3
PL->add(p); 3 3 3rd group
For each particle p in PL
4 4th group
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
1 2
1
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0); 1
2 3 2
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd());
3 3
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd()); 4
PL->add(p); 4 4 4th group
For each particle p in PL
Emitter
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
1 2
1
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0); 1
2 3 2
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd());
3 3
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd()); 4
PL->add(p); 4 4 4th group
For each particle p in PL
5 5th group
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
2
For each time step
Generate k particles 1
p=new particle();
1
p->position=(0,0,0); 4
13 3
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd()); 2 5 32
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd()); 4 5
5
PL->add(p); 4
For each particle p in PL
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
Emitter
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
2
For each time step
Generate k particles 1
p=new particle();
1
p->position=(0,0,0); 4
13 3
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd()); 2 5 32
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd()); 4 5
5
PL->add(p); 4
For each particle p in PL
6 6th group
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Simple Particle System: Sprinkler
PL: linked list of particle = empty;
spread=0.1;//how random the initial velocity is
colorSpread=0.1; //how random the colors are
For each time step
Generate k particles
p=new particle();
p->position=(0,0,0);
p->velocity=(0,0,1)+spread*(rnd(), rnd(), rnd());
https://youtu.be/heW3vn1hP2E
p.color=(0,0,1)+colorSpread*(rnd(), rnd(),rnd());
PL->add(p);
For each particle p in PL
p->position+=p->velocity*dt; //dt: time step
p->velocity-=g*dt; //g: gravitation constant
glColor(p.color);
glVertex(p.position);
Demo with Processing
http://processing.org/learning/topics/simpleparticlesystem.html
Outline
► Particle Systems Overview
► Simple Particle System
►Algorithm
►Math (Solving ODE)
Ordinary Differential Equations
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t)


► Typically, initial value problems: X - state
►Given values X(t0)=X0
►Find values X(t) for t > t0
Did we just see it?
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t)


► Typically, initial value problems:
►Given values X(t0)=X0
►Find values X(t) for t > t0
Emitter (0, 0, 0)
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t)


► Typically, initial value problems:
►Given values X(t0)=X0
►Find values X(t) for t > t0

1
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t)


► Typically, initial value problems:
►Given values X(t0)=X0
11
►Find values X(t) for t > t0 1

2
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t)


► Typically, initial value problems: 1
1
►Given values X(t0)=X0 12
►Find values X(t) for t > t0 2 2

3
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t) 1


1
► Typically, initial value problems: 2
1
►Given values X(t0)=X0 2 2
►Find values X(t) for t > t0 3
3 3

4
Ordinary Differential Equations

1 2
► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t)
1
► Typically, initial value problems: 1
2 3 2
►Given values X(t0)=X0
3 3
4
►Find values X(t) for t > t0
4 4
5
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t) 1


► Typically, initial value problems: 4
1
13 3
►Given values X(t0)=X0 2 5 32
4 5
►Find values X(t) for t > t0 5
4

6
Ordinary Differential Equations

► Given a function f(X,t) compute X(t)


► Typically, initial value problems:
►Given values X(t0)=X0
►Find values X(t) for t > t0

► We can use lots of standard tools

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