Error & Measurement 1

5. Using screw gauge of pitch 0.1 cm and

ERROR & MEASUREMENT 50 divisions on its circular scale, the thickness
1. A simple pendulum is being used to determine of an object is measured. It should correctly
th value of gravitational acceleration g at a
be recorded as :
certain place. Th length of the pendulum is
25.0 cm and a stop watch with 1s resolution (1) 2.123 cm (2) 2.125 cm
measures the time taken for 40 oscillations to (3) 2.121 cm (4) 2.124 cm
be 50 s. The accuracy in g is : 6. A physical quantity z depends on four
(1) 3.40% (2) 5.40% (3) 4.40% (4) 2.40% 2

2. If the screw on a screw-gauge is given six a2b 3

observables a, b, c and d, as z . The
rotations, it moves by 3 mm on the main scale. c d3
If there are 50 divisions on the circular scale percentage of error in the measurement of
the least count of the screw gauge is : a, b, c and d 2%, 1.5%, 4% and 2.5%
(1) 0.001 mm (2) 0.001 cm respectively. The percentage of error in z is:
(3) 0.02 mm (4) 0.01 cm (1) 12.25% (2) 14.5%
3. For the four sets of three measured physical (3) 16.5% (4) 13.5%
quantities as given below. Which of the 7. A screw gauge has 50 divisions on its circular

EN
following options is correct ?
(i) A1 = 24.36, B1 = 0.0724, C1 = 256.2
(ii) A2 = 24.44, B2 = 16.082, C2 = 240.2
(iii) A3 = 25.2, B3 = 19.2812, C3 = 236.183
(iv) A4 = 25, B4 = 236.191, C4 = 19.5
(1) A4 + B4 + C4 < A1 + B1 + C1 < A3 + B3 + C3
< A2 + B2 + C2
(2) A1 + B1 + C1 < A3 + B3 + C3 < A2 + B2 + C2
scale. The circular scale is 4 units ahead of the
pitch scale marking, prior to use. Upon one
complete rotation of the circular scale, a
displacement of 0.5 mm is noticed on the pitch
scale. The nature of zero error involved, and
the least count of the screw gauge, are
respectively :
< A4 + B4 + C4 (1) Negative, 2 µm (2) Positive, 10 µm
(3) A1 + B1 + C1 = A2 + B2 + C2 = A3 + B3 + C3
LL
(3) Positive, 0.1 µm (4) Positive, 0.1 mm
= A4 + B4 + C4 8. The density of a solid metal sphere is
(4) A4 + B4 + C4 < A1 + B1 + C1 = A2 + B2 + C2 determined by measuring its mass and its
= A3 + B3 + C3 diameter. The maximum error in the density
4. The least count of the main scale of a vernier
x
callipers is 1 mm. Its vernier scale is divided of the sphere is % . If the relative errors
100
into 10 divisions and coincide with 9 divisions
of the main scale. When jaws are touching each in measuring the mass and the diameter are
A

other, the 7th division of vernier scale coincides 6.0% and 1.5% respectively, the value of x is .
with a division of main scale and the zero of 9. A student measuring the diameter of a pencil
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vernier scale is lying right side of the zero of of circular cross-section with the help of a
main scale. When this vernier is used to vernier scale records the following four
measure length of a cylinder the zero of the readings 5.50 mm, 5.55 mm, 5.45 mm; 5.65
vernier scale between 3.1 cm and 3.2 cm and mm. The average of these four readings is
4th VSD coincides with a main scale division. 5.5375 mm and the standard deviation of the
The length of the cylinder is : (VSD is vernier data is 0.07395 mm. The average diameter of
scale division)
the pencil should therefore be recorded as:
(1) 3.21 cm (2) 2.99 cm
(1) (5.5375 ± 0.0739) mm
(3) 3.2 cm (4) 3.07 cm
(2) (5.538 ± 0.074) mm
(3) (5.54 ± 0.07) mm
(4) (5.5375 ± 0.0740) mm

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2 Error & Measurement
SOLUTION 3. NTA Ans. (BONUS)
Sol. A1 + B1 + C1 = 24.36 + 0.0724 + 256.2
1. NTA Ans. (3)
= 280.6324
= 280.6 (After rounding off)
Sol. T = 2 A2 + B2 + C2 = 24.44 + 16.082 + 240.2
g
= 280.722
= 280.7 (After rounding off)
4 2
g= A3 + B3 + C3 = 25.2 + 19.2812 + 236.183
T2
= 280.6642
= 280.7 (After rounding off)
g 2 T
A4 + B4 + C4 = 25 + 236.191 + 19.5
g T
= 280.691
= 281 (After rounding off)
0.1 2 1
= A4 + B4 + C4 > A3 + B3 + C3 = A2 + B2 + C2 >
25 50
A1 + B1 + C1
No option is matching Question should be

2.
g
g
4.4%

NTA Ans. (2) EN

Sol. Given on six rotation, reading of main scale
changes by 3mm.

1 rotation corresponds to
1
mm
4.
(BONUS)
Best possible option is (2)
Correct answer (2)
Official Ans. by NTA (4)
Sol. Least count = 1 mm or 0.01 cm
Zero error = 0 + 0.01 × 7 = 0.07 cm
Reading = 3.1 + (0.01 × 4) – 0.07
2
= 3.1 + 0.04 – 0.07
LL
Also no. of division on circular scale = 50. = 3.1 – 0.03
Least count of the screw gauge will be = 3.07 cm
0.5 5. Official Ans. by NTA (4)
mm = 0.001 cm.
50 pitch 0.1 cm
Sol. LC 0.002 cm
CSD 50
So any measurement will be integral
Multiple of LC.
A

So ans. will be 2.124 cm

6. Official Ans. by NTA (2)
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Z 2 a 2 b 1 c 3 d
Sol. + = 14.5%
Z a 3 b 2 c d

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 Error & Measurement 3
7. Official Ans. by NTA (2) 8. Official Ans. by NTA (1050.00)
Sol. Least count of screw gauge
M M
Pitch Sol. V 3
4 D
no. of division on circular scale 3 2
0.5 6
mm 1 10 5 m M D 3
50
= 10 µm taking log
Zero error in positive
6
Ans. (2) n n nM 3 mD

Differentiates
d dM d D
0 3
M D
for maximum error
ddM 3dD

EN 9.
100

= 10.5 %
1050
100
M
= 6 + 3 × 1.5
100

% so x = 1050.00

Official Ans. by NTA (3)

D

Sol. Use significant figures. Answer must be upto

100

three significant figures.

LL
Ans. (3)
A
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