Programming with C Sharp (CIT 304)

Input and Output Statement in C#

Adedoyin I. OYEBADE
[email protected]

Bowen University,
Iwo, Nigeria

May 2, 2023

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Presentation Overview

1 Console Input and Output in C#

Console in C#
Standard Input and Standard Output
The ”formatString” Component
Assignment

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Console in C#
1 Console
• The Console is a window of the operating system through which
users can interact with system programs of the operating
system or with other console applications
• The interaction consists of text input from the standard input
(usually keyboard) or text display on the standard output
2 Command Interpreter
• This is also known as Shell or command prompt.
• is a console-based program in the operating system, which
provides access to system commands as well as a wide range of
programs
3 Types of Command Interpreter
• CLI – Command Line Interface – is a console for commands
(such as cmd.exe in Windows and bash in Linux)
• GUI – Graphical User Interface – is a graphical work
environment (such as Windows Explorer)
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Windows Console Commands

Figure: Window Console Commands

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Standard Input

1 Standard Console Input

• The class Console provides two methods
• Console.Read() and Console.ReadLine()

2 Reading through Console.ReadLine()

• It waits for input from the console
• The method Console.ReadLine() returns as result the string
entered by the user.

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Standard Input Cont..

1 Reading text from console

class UsingReadLine
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write(”Please enter your first name: ”);
string firstName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write(”Please enter your last name: ”);
string lastName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.WriteLine(”Hello, 0 1!”, firstName, lastName);
}
}

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Standard Input Cont..
1 Reading numbers from console
class ReadingNumbers
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write(”a = ”);
int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write(”b = ”);
int b = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine(”{0} + {1} = {2}”, a, b, a + b);
Console.WriteLine(”{0} ∗ {1} = {2}”, a, b, a ∗ b);
Console.Write(”f = ”);
double f = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine(”{0} ∗ {1}/{2} = {3}”, a, b, f , a ∗ b/f );
}
}
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Standard Input and Standard Output Cont..

1 Reading floating numbers from console

class Reading Floating Numbers
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write(”Enter a floating-point number: ”);
string line = Console.ReadLine();
double number = double.Parse(line);
Console.WriteLine(”You entered: {0}”, number);
}
}

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Standard Output

1 Standard Console Output

• This can be used to print out all basic types of output
class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(”I love”);
Console.Write(”this ”);
Console.Write(”Book!”);
}
}

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Standard Output

1 Concatenation of Strings
• This allows chaining of concatenate (+) operations one after
another in a sequence.
class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
string age = ”twenty six”;
string text = ”He is ” + age + ” years old.”;
Console.WriteLine(text);
}
}

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Standard Output

1 Formatted Output with Write(. . . ) and WriteLine(. . . )

• The main idea is to adopt a special string, formatted with special
formatting characters and list of values, which should be
substituted in place of “the format specifiers”.
class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
string str = ”Hello World!”;
Console.Write(str);
Console.Write(”{0}”, str); }
}

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Standard Output
1 Composite Formatting
• used for console printing as well as in certain operations with
strings
2 Alignment Component
• It is a positive or negative integer
• the positive values indicate alignment to the right
• the negative values indicate alignment to the left
class WritinOutformatting
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(”{0,6}”, 123);
Console.WriteLine(”{0,6}”, 1234);
Console.WriteLine(”{0,6}”, 12);
Console.Write(”{0,-6}”, 123);
Console.WriteLine(”–end”);
}
}
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Standard Output: Composite Formatting

1 Composite Formatting

class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
string name = ”John”;
int age = 18;
string town = ”Seattle”;
Console.Write(”{0} is {1} years old from {2}!”, name, age,
town);
}
}

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The ”formatString” Component

1 The ”formatString” Component

• The component is used for specific string formating
2 The ”formatString” Component Types are
• for numerical types of arguments

• for arguments of type date (DateTime)

• for arguments of type enumeration (listed types)

3 Format String Components for Numbers
• standard-defined formats

• user-defined formats

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Standard Output: Composite Formatting
1 Standard Formats for Numbers
• These formats are defined by one of several format specifiers,
which are letters with particular importance
class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(”{0:C2}”, 123.456);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:D6}”, -1234);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:E2}”, 123);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:F2}”, -123.456);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:N2}”, 1234567.8);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:P}”, 0.456);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:X}”, 254);
}
}
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Standard Output: Composite Formatting

1 Custom Formats for Numbers

• All formats that are not standard are assigned to the user
formats
class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(”{0:0.00}”, 1);
Console.WriteLine(”{0 : #.##}”, 0.234);
Console.WriteLine(”{0 : #####}”, 12345.67);
Console.WriteLine(”{0 : (0#)#######}”, 29342525);
Console.WriteLine(”{0 : %##}”, 0.234);
}
}

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Standard Output: Composite Formatting

1 Format String Components for Dates

• This component is used to format date and time in a format
suitable for the user
class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
DateTime d = new DateTime(2012, 02, 27, 17, 30, 22);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:dd/MM/yyyy HH:mm:ss}”, d);
Console.WriteLine(”{0:d.MM.yy}”, d);
}
}

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Standard Input and Output: Practice Questions
1 Format String Components for Dates
class WritinOutConsole
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine(”This program calculates ” + ”the area
of a rectangle or a triangle”);
Console.WriteLine(”Enter a and b (for rectangle) ” + ”or a
and h (for triangle): ”);
int a = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int b = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.WriteLine(”Enter 1 for a rectangle or ” + ”2 for a
triangle: ”);
int choice = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
double area = (double) (a ∗ b) / choice;
Console.WriteLine(”The area of your {0} is {1:#.##} ”,
choice, area)
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Assignment

1 Write a program that reads from the console three numbers of

type int and prints their sum

2 Write a program that reads from the console the radius ”r” of a
circle and prints its perimeter and area.

3 Write a program that reads two numbers from the console and
prints the greater of them.

4 Write a program that prints on the console the first 100

numbers in the Fibonacci sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,
55, 89, 144, 233, . . .

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