HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Lesson: Respiratory System
Section: MED227 Date: February 20, 2023
Professor: Juan Carlo M. Pangan Level: 1st Year, 2nd Semester
RESPIRATION Functional Classification
4 Processes: Divided into 2 regions:
1.) Ventilation 1.) Conducting zone
- Movement of air into and out of the lungs - Exclusively for air movement
- Extends from the nose to the bronchioles
2.) External respiration
2.) Respiratory zone
- Gas exchange between the lungs and the
blood - Within the lungs
- Gas exchange between air and blood
3.) Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the
blood Conducting Zone
4.) Internal respiration - Nose
- Pharynx
- Gas exchange between the blood and the - Larynx
tissues
Nose
FUNCTION Consists of:
- Regulation of blood pH - External nose - Visible structure
- Production of chemical mediators - Nasal cavity
- Voice production
- Olfaction Pharynx
- Protection
- Common opening of both digestive and
ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM respiratory systems
- Respiratory - Receives air from the nasal
Structural Classification cavity and oral cavity
- Digestive - Receives food and drink from
Upper respiratory tract the oral cavity
- External nose Divided into 3 regions:
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx - Nasopharynx
- Larynx - Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory tract
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Lesson: Respiratory System
Section: MED227 Date: February 20, 2023
Professor: Juan Carlo M. Pangan Level: 1st Year, 2nd Semester
Larynx Lungs
- Passageway for air between the pharynx - Principal organs of respiration
and the trachea - Right lung - Larger ; 3 lobes
- Left lung→ 2 lobes and cardiac notch
Trachea
- Windpipe
- Membranous tube attached to larynx
Respiratory Zone
- Tracheobronchial tree
- Alveoli
- Lungs
Tracheobronchial Tree
Pleura
- Pleural membranes surround the lungs and
protect against friction
Alveoli
- Small; Air filled chambers
- Gas exchange between the air and blood
takes place
Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System
- Decrease vital capacity, ventilation →
weakened respiratory muscles and
decreased thoracic cage compliance
- Alveolar ventilation decreases
- Thickening of alveolar walls
- Decrease ability to remove mucus from the
respiratory passageways
DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Respiratory Membrane - Newborn produces insufficient surfactant
- Collapse lungs
- Where diffusion occurs for gas exchange - Ventilation is inadequate
HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Lesson: Respiratory System
Section: MED227 Date: February 20, 2023
Professor: Juan Carlo M. Pangan Level: 1st Year, 2nd Semester
Bronchi and Lungs
- Bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Adult respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Lung cancer
- Asthma
Upper Respiratory tract
- Strep throat
- Diphtheria
- Common cold
Lower Respiratory Tract
- Whooping cough
- Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia
- Flu
- Fungal diseases
