LEXICON

YOUR ULTIMATE VOCABULARY

COMPANION

SY 2023-2024
Kingsville School of Liberal Arts
1 BAEL Block B
Group 2

Compiled for:
John Mark C. Mendoza

Lexicographers:
Axcel P. Heroquia
James Adrian D. Del Rosario
Kenneth Oliver U. Villar
Emily C. Milar
Jolina A. Cruz
Ericka Mae V. Pugal
Ashley Mae G. Goloyugo
Maricar C. Macam
Nichole H. James

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to extend my sincerest gratitude to our Almighty God,

who has been our guiding light in this journey of completing this dictionary. Your grace and

guidance have been a constant source of strength and inspiration for us. You have walked

with us every step of the way, providing us with the wisdom and patience needed to see this

project through to the end. For this, we are eternally grateful.

Secondly, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our friends, classmates, and

families. Your unwavering support and encouragement have been invaluable to us throughout

this process. Each one of you has contributed to this project in your own unique way, from

providing us with guidance to being our support system during challenging times. Your help,

no matter how small it may have seemed, has played a significant role in the successful

completion of this dictionary. We want to take this opportunity to express our deep

appreciation for your efforts.

Lastly, we owe a debt of gratitude to our History of the English Language facilitator,

who has tirelessly imparted knowledge and wisdom to us. Your dedication to teaching and

your passion for the English language have not only enriched our academic lives but have

also inspired us to strive for excellence in all our endeavors. Thank you, Faci John, for

mentoring us not just in academics, but also in our personal growth. Your guidance has been

instrumental in shaping us into better individuals and preparing us for our future as

professionals. We are truly grateful for your mentorship and the impact you have made on our

lives.

In conclusion, we extend our heartfelt gratitude to everyone who has been part of this

journey. This dictionary is not just a product of our hard work, but also a testament to the

2
power of collaboration, perseverance, and shared passion for knowledge. Thank you all for

being part of this incredible journey.

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to “Lexicon” – Your Ultimate Vocabulary Companion, created by 1BA EL

Group 2. The most comprehensive and user-friendly dictionary for learners of the English

language. With its extensive collection of words, definitions, pronunciations, etymologies,

and example sentences, “Lexicon” is the ultimate resource for anyone looking to expand their

vocabulary and improve their communication skills.

At the heart of “Lexicon” is our commitment to providing a valuable and accessible

resource for learners of all levels. Whether you’re a student, a professional, or simply

someone who loves language, “Lexicon” is designed to help you achieve your language

goals. With its clear and concise definitions, accurate pronunciations, detailed etymologies,

and contextual example sentences, “Lexicon” makes it easy to understand and apply new

words in real-life situations.

But “Lexicon” is more than just a dictionary – it’s your ultimate vocabulary

companion. In addition to the extensive collection of entries, “Lexicon” also includes a range

of features to help you expand your vocabulary and improve your language skills. These

include word games, quizzes, and exercises that are designed to be both fun and educational,

as well as tips and tricks for improving your English language proficiency.

So why wait? Start exploring “Lexicon” today and take your English language skills to

the next level! Whether you’re looking to improve your writing, prepare for exams, or simply

want to enrich your vocabulary, “Lexicon” is the ultimate companion for your language

journey.
3
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Front page……………………………………………………………………… 1

Acknowledgement..…………………………………………………………….. 2

Introduction………………………………………………………………………3

Table of contents…………………………………………………………………4

WORD ENTRIES

A……………………………………………………………………..………….6

B…………………………………………………………………..…………….9

C……………………………………………………………………..…………12

D………………………………………………………………………..…..…..14

E………………………………………………………………..…………...….18

F………………………………………………………………………......…….21

G………………………………………………………………………..………24

H……………………………………………………………………….....….…28

I………………………………………………………………………...…...….31

J…………………………………………………………..…………….…..….34

K………………………………………………..………………………...……37

4
L………………………………………………………………………..….......41

M…………………………………………………………………..………….44

N…………………………………………………………………….…….….48

O……………………………………………………………………..…….51

P………………………………………………………………………..….54

Q……………………………………………………………………..…….59

R……………………………………………………………………..…….63

S……………………………………………………………………..…….67

T………………………………………………………………………..….71

U………………………………………………………………………..….74

V……………………………………………………………………..…….76

W…………………………………………………………………..……….79

X……………………………………………………………………..…….81

Y……………………………………………………………………..…….84

Z……………………………………………………………………..…….86

5
 1. Abandon (verb) / əˈbændən/
Definition: To leave completely and finally; forsake utterly; desert.
From Middle English “abandonen,” from Old French “abandoner,” from the prefix “a-“
(meaning “to”) and the verb “bandon” (meaning “to control, possess”).
Example Sentence: He decided to abandon his plans and start afresh.
2. Abate (verb) / əˈbeɪt/
Definition: To reduce in amount, degree, intensity, etc.; lessen; diminish.
From Middle English “abaten,” from Old French “abatre,” from the prefix “a-“ (meaning
“to”) and the verb “batre” (meaning “to beat”).
Example Sentence: The storm began to abate as the winds died down.
3. Abbreviate (verb) /əˈbriːvieɪt/
Definition: To shorten (a word or phrase) by omitting letters, substituting shorter forms,
etc.
Late Latin “abbreviare,”
from Latin “ad” (meaning “to”) and “brevis” (meaning “short”).
Example Sentence: Please abbreviate the word “international” to “int’l” in the document.
4. Aberration (noun) /ˌæbəˈreɪʃən/
Definition: The act of departing from the right, normal, or usual course.
From Latin “aberratio,” from “aberrare” (meaning “to stray”).
Example Sentence: His behavior was seen as an aberration from his usual calm demeanor.
5. Abhor (verb) / əbˈhɔːr/
Definition: To regard with extreme repugnance or aversion; detest utterly; loathe;
abominate.
From Latin “abhorrere,” from “ab” (meaning “away from”) and “horrere” (meaning “to
tremble, shudder”).
Example Sentence: She abhors cruelty in any form.
6. Abject (adjective) /ˈæbdʒekt/

6
 Definition: Sunk to or existing in a low state or condition.
From Latin “abiectus,” past participle of “abicere” (meaning “to throw away”).
Example Sentence: After losing his job, he felt abject and hopeless.

7. Abolish (verb) /əˈbɑːlɪʃ/

Definition: To do away with; put an end to; annul; make void.
From Middle English “abolishen,” from Old French “abolir,” from Latin “abolēre”
(meaning “to destroy”).
Example Sentence: They campaigned to abolish the outdated law.
8. Abstinence (noun) /ˈæbstɪnəns/
Definition: The act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite or desire,
especially for alcoholic drink or sexual intercourse.
From Latin “abstinentia,” from “abstinēre” (meaning “to hold back”).
Example Sentence: He practiced abstinence from alcohol for a month.
9. Abstract (adjective) / ˈæbstrækt/
Definition: Thought of apart from concrete realities, specific objects, or actual instances.
From Latin “abstractus,” past participle of “abstrahere” (meaning “to draw away”).
Example Sentence: She presented an abstract concept in her art.
10. Abundant (adjective) /əˈbʌndənt/
Definition: Present in great quantity; more than adequate; oversufficient.
From Latin “abundans,” present participle of “abundare” (meaning “to overflow”).
Example Sentence: The garden was filled with abundant flowers.
11. Accolade (noun) /ˈækəleɪd/
Definition: Any award, honor, or laudatory notice.
From French “accolade,” from Italian “accollata” (meaning “embrace”).
Example Sentence: The actor received numerous accolades for his outstanding
performance.
12. Acquiesce (verb) /ˌækwɪˈɛs/
Definition: To assent tacitly; submit or comply silently or without protest; agree; consent.
From Latin “acquiescere,” from “ad” (meaning “to”) and “quiescere” (meaning “to rest”).

7
 Example Sentence: Despite her reservations, she decided to acquiesce to their demands.
13. Acrimony (noun) /ˈækrɪmoʊni/
Definition: Sharpness, harshness, or bitterness of nature, speech, disposition, etc.
From Latin “acrimonia,” from “acer” (meaning “sharp”).
Example Sentence: The divorce proceedings were filled with acrimony and hostility.

14. Acumen (noun) / əˈkjuːmən/

Definition: Keen insight; shrewdness.
From Latin “acumen,” from “acuere” (meaning “to sharpen”).
Example Sentence: Her business acumen helped her make wise decisions.
15. Adage (noun) /ˈædɪdʒ/
Definition: A traditional saying expressing a common experience or observation;
proverb.
From Latin “adagium,” from “ad” (meaning “to”) and “agi” (meaning “to say”).
Example Sentence: “A stitch in time saves nine” is an adage that emphasizes the
importance of timely action.
16. Adamant (adjective) /ˈædəmənt/
Definition: Utterly unyielding in attitude or opinion in spite of all appeals, urgings, etc.
From Greek “adamas,” meaning “unconquerable” or “untamed”.
Example Sentence: Despite the criticism, she remained adamant about her decision.
17. Admonish (verb) /ædˈmɒnɪʃ/
Definition: To caution, advise, or counsel against something.
From Latin “admonēre,” from “ad” (meaning “to”) and “monēre” (meaning “to warn”).
Example Sentence: The teacher admonished the students to pay attention during the
lecture.
18. Adroit (adjective) /əˈdrɔɪt/
Definition: Cleverly skillful, resourceful, or ingenious.
From French “adroit,” from “à” (meaning “to”) and “droit” (meaning “right” or
“skillful”).
Example Sentence: He displayed adroit problem-solving skills.
19. Adversary (noun) /ˈædvərsəri/

8
 Definition: A person, group, or force that opposes or attacks; opponent; enemy; foe.
From Latin “adversarius,” from “ad” (meaning “against”) and “versus” (meaning “turned
toward”).
Example Sentence: The team faced a formidable adversary in the championship match.

20. Advocate (verb/noun) /ˈædvəkeɪt/

Definition (verb): To speak or write in favor of; support or urge by argument; recommend
publicly.
Definition (noun): A person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or
policy.
From Latin “advocatus,” past participle of “advocare” (meaning “to call to one’s aid”).
Example Sentence (verb): She advocates for equal rights for all individuals.
Example Sentence (noun): He is a passionate advocate for environmental conservation.
21. Baffle (verb) /ˈbæfəl/
Definition: To confuse, bewilder, or perplex.
Uncertain origin, possibly related to the Scots word “baff” (meaning “to hinder, confuse”).
Example Sentence: The complex puzzle baffled even the most experienced solver.
22. Banal (adjective) / bəˈnæl/
Definition: Devoid of freshness or originality; hackneyed; trite.
From French “banal,” from “ban” (meaning “proclamation”).
Example Sentence: The movie’s plot was predictable and banal.
23. Bane (noun) / beɪn/
Definition: A person or thing that ruins or spoils.
From Old English “bana,” meaning “destroyer” or “slayer.”
Example Sentence: Technology can be a bane if not used responsibly.
24. Baroque (adjective) / bəˈroʊk/
Definition: Extravagantly ornate, florid, and convoluted in character or style.
From French “baroque,” from Portuguese “barroco” (meaning “irregularly shaped pearl”).

9
 Example Sentence: The baroque architecture of the palace was breathtaking.
25. Barrage (noun) /bəˈrɑːʒ/
Definition: An overwhelming quantity or explosion, as of words, blows, or criticisms.
From French “barrage,” from “barrer” (meaning “to bar” or “to block”).
Example Sentence: She faced a barrage of questions from the reporters.

26. Beautiful (adjective) /ˈbjuːtɪfəl/

Definition: Having beauty; pleasing to the senses or mind.
From Middle English “beaute,” from Old French “bealte,” from Latin “bellus”
(meaning“beautiful”).
Example Sentence: The sunset painted a beautiful array of colors across the sky.
27. Broadcast (verb/noun) /ˈbrɔːdkæst/
Definition (verb): To transmit a message, program, or information through radio or
television.
Definition (noun): A program or transmission on radio or television.
From broad + cast, referring to the wide dissemination of information.
Example Sentence (verb): The radio station will broadcast the live concert tonight.
Example Sentence (noun): I heard the news on the morning broadcast.
28. Breakfast (noun/verb) /ˈbrɛkfəst/
Definition (noun): The first meal of the day, typically eaten in the morning.
Definition (verb): To eat breakfast.
From Middle English “brekfast,” from “breken” (meaning “to break”) and “fasten”
(meaning “to fast”).
Example Sentence (noun): She enjoyed a hearty breakfast of eggs and toast.
Example Sentence (verb): Let’s breakfast together before starting the day.
29. Basically (adverb) /ˈbeɪsɪkli/
Definition: Essentially; fundamentally; in essence.
From basic + -ly, indicating manner or quality.

10
 Example Sentence: He explained the concept in a basically simple way.
30. Brilliant (adjective) /ˈbrɪljənt/
Definition: Shining brightly; sparkling; exceptionally intelligent or talented.
From French “brillant,” present participle of “briller” (meaning “to shine”).
Example Sentence: The fireworks display was a brilliant spectacle.
31. Beneficial (adjective) /ˌbɛnɪˈfɪʃəl/
Definition: Producing or promoting a favorable result; advantageous; helpful.
From Latin “beneficialis,” from “beneficium” (meaning “benefit” or “favor”).
Example Sentence: Regular exercise has many beneficial effects on overall health.

32. Bewilderment (noun) / bɪˈwɪldərmənt/

Definition: A state of being perplexed, confused, or puzzled.
From be- + wilder + -ment, indicating a state of being wild or confused.
Example Sentence: The sudden change in plans left her in a state of bewilderment.
33. Blatant (adjective) /ˈbleɪtənt/
Definition: Brazenly obvious; flagrant; done openly and unashamedly.
From Middle English “blatant,” from Latin “blatantem” (meaning “bellowing”).
Example Sentence: His blatant disregard for the rules was evident to everyone.
34. Blissful (adjective) /ˈblɪsfəl/
Definition: Extremely happy or joyful; full of bliss.
From bliss + -ful, indicating full of bliss.
Example Sentence: They spent a blissful day at the beach, enjoying the sun and the
waves.
35. Boisterous (adjective) /ˈbɔɪstərəs/
Definition: Rough and noisy in a cheerful or rowdy way; exuberant; lively.
From Middle English “boistous,” from Old French “boisteus” (meaning “rough”).
Example Sentence: The children had a boisterous game of tag in the park.
36. Brevity (noun) /ˈbrɛvɪti/
Definition: The quality of being brief in duration, concise in expression, or short in
length.

11
 From Latin “brevitas,” from “brevis” (meaning “short”).
Example Sentence: The speaker’s brevity made the presentation more engaging.
37. Brisk (adjective) /brɪsk/
Definition: Quick and energetic in action; lively; invigorating.
From Middle English “brisk,” meaning “active” or “lively.”
Example Sentence: She took a brisk walk in the morning to wake herself up.
38. Buoyant (adjective) /ˈbɔɪənt/
Definition: Able to float or rise in a fluid; cheerful and optimistic.
From French “bouyant,” from “bouée” (meaning “buoy”).
Example Sentence: Despite the challenges, his buoyant spirit never wavered.

39. Bypass (verb/noun) /ˈbaɪpæs/

Definition (verb): To go around or avoid (a place, obstacle, or procedure).
Definition (noun): A road or passage that avoids a congested area or obstacle.
From by- + pass, indicating going past or around something.
Example Sentence (verb): We decided to bypass the crowded city center and take a
different route.
Example Sentence (noun): The highway construction included a new bypass to ease
traffic congestion.
40. Breathtaking (adjective) /ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ/
Definition: Astonishingly beautiful or impressive; causing awe or admiration.
From breath + taking, indicating the power to take one’s breath away.
Example Sentence: The view from the mountaintop was absolutely breathtaking.
41. Candid (adjective) /ˈkændɪd/
Definition: Frank, open, and sincere in speech or expression.
From Latin “candidus,” meaning “white” or “pure.”
Example Sentence: She appreciated his candid feedback on her work.
42. Capricious (adjective) /kəˈprɪʃəs/
Definition: Given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior;
unpredictable.
From French “capricieux,” from “caprice” (meaning “whim”).

12
 Example Sentence: The weather can be quite capricious in this region.
43. Cascade (noun/verb) /kæˈskeɪd/
Definition (noun): A small waterfall or a series of waterfalls.
Definition (verb): To fall or flow in or like a cascade.
From Latin “cascata,” from “cascare” (meaning “to fall”).
Example Sentence (noun): The hikers enjoyed the beauty of the cascade in the forest.
Example Sentence (verb): The flowers cascaded down the hillside.
44. Celebrate (verb) /ˈsɛlɪbreɪt/
Definition: To observe or commemorate with festivities or rejoicing; to honor or praise
publicly.
From Latin “celebratus,” past participle of “celebrare” (meaning “to honor”).
Example Sentence: We will celebrate their achievements at the awards ceremony.

45. Cerebral (adjective) /ˈsɛrɪbrəl/

Definition: Relating to the brain or intellect; intellectual rather than emotional.
From Latin “cerebrum,” meaning “brain.”
Example Sentence: She enjoys engaging in cerebral discussions about philosophy.
46. Charming (adjective) /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/
Definition: Delightfully pleasing or attractive; captivating.
From Middle English “charme,” meaning “spell” or “incantation.”
Example Sentence: The old bookstore had a charming atmosphere.
47. Cherish (verb) /ˈtʃɛrɪʃ/
Definition: To hold or treat with affection and care; to value or treasure.
From Middle English “cherischen,” from Old French “cherir,” from “cher” (meaning
“dear”).
Example Sentence: She cherished the memories of her childhood.
48. Clarity (noun) /ˈklærɪti/
Definition: Clearness or lucidity as to perception or understanding; the quality of being
clear.
From Latin “claritas,” from “clarus” (meaning “clear”).
Example Sentence: The professor explained the complex topic with great clarity.

13
 49. Compassionate (adjective) /kəmˈpæʃənət/
Definition: Feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others; empathetic.
From Latin “compassionatus,” past participle of “compassionare” (meaning “to
sympathize”).
Example Sentence: She has a compassionate nature and always helps those in need.
50. Conquer (verb) /ˈkɒŋkər/
Definition: To overcome, defeat, or gain control over (something difficult or challenging).
From Old French “conquerre,” from Latin “conquērere” (meaning “to acquire by force”).
Example Sentence: With determination and perseverance, she was able to conquer her
fears.

51. Conscientious (adjective) /ˌkɒnʃiˈɛnʃəs/

Definition: Wishing to do what is right, especially to do one’s work or duty well and
thoroughly; diligent.
From Latin “conscientia,” meaning “knowledge within oneself.”
Example Sentence: She is a conscientious student who always completes her assignments
on time.
52. Contentment (noun) /kənˈtɛntmənt/
Definition: A state of happiness and satisfaction; being content.
From Middle English “content,” meaning “satisfied.”
Example Sentence: Despite not having much, she found contentment in the simple joys of
life.
53. Courageous (adjective) /kəˈreɪdʒəs/
Definition: Possessing or characterized by courage; brave.
From Old French “corage,” from Latin “cor” (meaning “heart”).
Example Sentence: The firefighter displayed courageous acts of bravery during the rescue
mission.
54. Creative (adjective) /kriˈeɪtɪv/

14
 Definition: Having the ability or power to create; resulting from originality of thought or
expression.
From Latin “creare,” meaning “to create.”
Example Sentence: She has a creative mind and enjoys expressing herself through art.
55. Curiosity (noun) /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsɪti/
Definition: A strong desire to know or learn something; inquisitiveness.
From Latin “curiositas,” from “curiosus” (meaning “careful” or “inquisitive”).
Example Sentence: Her curiosity led her to explore new subjects and ask thought-
provoking questions.
56. Dazzling (adjective) /ˈdæzlɪŋ/
Definition: Extremely bright, impressive, or beautiful; shining brilliantly.
From Middle English “daselen,” meaning “to dim” or “to dazzle.”
Example Sentence: The fireworks display was absolutely dazzling.

57. Delightful (adjective) /dɪˈlaɪtfəl/

Definition: Highly pleasing or enjoyable; full of delight.
From Middle English “deliten,” meaning “to please greatly.”
Example Sentence: The garden is a delightful place to relax and unwind.
58. Desirable (adjective) /dɪˈzaɪərəbəl/
Definition: Worth having or seeking; pleasing, attractive, or advantageous.
From Old French “desirer,” from Latin “desiderare” (meaning “to long for”).
Example Sentence: The location of the house makes it highly desirable for potential
buyers.
59. Determination (noun) /dɪˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/
Definition: Firmness of purpose; resoluteness; the act of deciding definitely and firmly.
From Latin “determinatio,” from “determinare” (meaning “to set boundaries”).
Example Sentence: With unwavering determination, she pursued her dreams despite the
obstacles.
60. Devotion (noun) /dɪˈvoʊʃən/
Definition: Love, loyalty, or enthusiasm for a person, activity, or cause; dedication.

15
 From Latin “devotio,” from “devovere” (meaning “to vow solemnly”).
Example Sentence: His devotion to his family is evident in his actions and sacrifices.
Sure, I can help you with that! Here’s the dictionary you requested:
61. Dapper (adjective) /ˈdæpər/
Definition: Neat and trim in dress, appearance, or bearing; stylish.
From Middle Dutch “dapper” (meaning “strong, brave”).
Example Sentence: He looked dapper in his suit and tie.
62. Dearth (noun) /dɜːrθ/
Definition: A scarcity or lack of something.
From Old English “dēorþ” (meaning “famine”).
Example Sentence: There is a dearth of job opportunities in this area.
63. Debacle (noun) /dɪˈbɑːkl/
Definition: A sudden and complete failure; a fiasco.
From French “débâcle” (meaning “downfall”).
Example Sentence: The company’s latest product launch was a complete debacle.

64. Debilitate (verb) /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/

Definition: To weaken or make feeble; to impair.
From Latin “debilitatus” (meaning “weakened”).
Example Sentence: The illness debilitated him for weeks.
65. Decadent (adjective) /ˈdekədənt/
Definition: Marked by excessive self-indulgence and moral decay; in a state of decline.
From French “décadent” (meaning “decadent”).
Example Sentence: The party was filled with decadent food and drink.
66. Decimate (verb) /ˈdɛsɪmeɪt/
Definition: To destroy a large portion of something; to cause great harm or damage.
From Latin “decimatus” (meaning “to take a tenth”).
Example Sentence: The hurricane decimated the coastal town.
67. Decorum (noun) /dɪˈkɔːrəm/
Definition: Proper behavior, etiquette, or conduct; conformity to social norms.

16
 From Latin “decorus” (meaning “fitting, proper”).
Example Sentence: The guests at the wedding behaved with decorum throughout the
ceremony.
68. Defenestration (noun) /ˌdiːfɛnɪˈstreɪʃən/
Definition: The act of throwing someone or something out of a window.
From Latin “fenestra” (meaning “window”).
Example Sentence: The defenestration of Prague in 1618 was a key event in the start of
the Thirty Years’ War.
69. Defunct (adjective) /dɪˈfʌŋkt/
Definition: No longer in existence or functioning; dead.
From Latin “defunctus” (meaning “dead”).
Example Sentence: The company went defunct after years of financial struggles.
70. Demure (adjective) /dɪˈmjʊər/
Definition: Reserved, modest, or shy in manner or behavior.
From Old French “demorer” (meaning “to delay” or “to linger”).
Example Sentence: She was demure and soft-spoken, but her intelligence and confidence
shone through.

71. Disparate (adjective) /ˈdɪspərət/

Definition: Essentially different or dissimilar; not able to be compared.
From Latin “disparatus” (meaning “unequal” or “unmatched”).
Example Sentence: The two candidates had disparate backgrounds and experiences,
making it difficult to compare them.
72. Disingenuous (adjective) /ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjuəs/
Definition: Insincere or dishonest; not straightforward.
From Latin “disingenuus” (meaning “not of noble birth” or “unworthy”).
Example Sentence: The politician’s disingenuous promises were exposed when he failed
to follow through on his campaign pledges.
73. Disparage (verb) /dɪˈsperɪdʒ/
Definition: To belittle or speak negatively about someone or something; to criticize
unfairly.
From Old French “desparagier” (meaning “to match unequally” or “to degrade”).

17
 Example Sentence: It’s not fair to disparage someone’s abilities without giving them a
chance to prove themselves.
74. Draconian (adjective) /dreɪˈkoʊniən/
Definition: Excessively harsh or severe, often referring to laws or regulations.
From Draco, an Athenian lawgiver known for his harsh legal code.
Example Sentence: The new company policy was draconian, imposing strict penalties for
even minor infractions.
75. Divulge (verb) /daɪˈvʌldʒ/
Definition: To reveal or make known (information that was previously secret or private).
From Latin “divulgare” (meaning “to make public” or “to publish widely”).
Example Sentence: The journalist refused to divulge her sources, even when faced with
legal pressure to do so.
76. Dapper (adjective) /ˈdæp.ər/
Definition: Neat and trim in dress or appearance.
From Middle Dutch “dapper” (meaning “brave”).
Example Sentence: The young man looked dapper in his suit and tie.

77. Delightful (adjective) /dɪˈlaɪt.fəl/

Definition: Highly pleasing or enjoyable.
From Middle English “deliten” (meaning “to please greatly”).
Example Sentence: The delightful aroma of fresh-baked bread filled the room.
78. Droll (adjective) /droʊl/
Definition: Amusing in an odd or whimsical way.
From Middle French “drolle” (meaning “amusing, comical”).
Example Sentence: The comedian had a droll sense of humor that always left the
audience laughing.
79. Dynamic (adjective) /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/
Definition: Characterized by constant change, activity, or progress; energetic or forceful.
From Greek “dynamikos” (meaning “powerful”).

18
 Example Sentence: The dynamic leader inspired her team to achieve great success.
80. Delectable (adjective) /dɪˈlek.tə.bəl/
Definition: Delightful; highly pleasing; enjoyable.
From Latin “delectabilis” (meaning “delightful, enjoyable”).
Example Sentence: The restaurant served a delectable array of desserts that left the diners
satisfied.
81. Eccentric (adjective) /ɪkˈsen.trɪk/
Definition: Unconventional and slightly strange; peculiar or odd.
From Greek “ekkentros” (meaning “out of the center”).
Example Sentence: The eccentric artist’s work was always unique and surprising.
82. Egalitarian (adjective) /ɪˌɡæl.əˈter.i.ən/
Definition: Believing in or promoting equal rights and opportunities for all people.
From French “égal” (meaning “equal”).
Example Sentence: The political party’s platform was based on egalitarian principles.
83. Eloquent (adjective) /ˈel.ə.kwənt/
Definition: Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing; well-spoken.
From Latin “eloquentem” (meaning “to speak out”).
Example Sentence: The lawyer’s eloquent argument swayed the jury in his client’s favor.

84. Enigmatic (adjective) /ˌen.ɪɡˈmæt̬ .ɪk/

Definition: Mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
From Greek “ainigma” (meaning “riddle, mystery”).
Example Sentence: The meaning of the ancient artifact remained enigmatic to scholars.
85. Enticing (adjective) /ɪnˈtaɪ.sɪŋ/
Definition: Attractive or tempting; alluring.
From Old French “entisier” (meaning “to excite, to provoke”).
Example Sentence: The enticing aroma of fresh-baked cookies filled the kitchen.
86. Enthusiastic (adjective) /ɪnˌθuː.ziˈæs.tɪk/
Definition: Having or showing intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.
From Greek “enthousiastikos” (meaning “inspired, possessed by a god”).

19
 Example Sentence: The enthusiastic crowd cheered loudly for their favorite team.
87. Erratic (adjective) /ɪˈræt̬ .ɪk/
Definition: Not even or regular in pattern or movement; unpredictable.
From Latin “erraticus” (meaning “wandering, straying”).
Example Sentence: The stock market’s erratic behavior made investors nervous.
88. Esteemed (adjective) /ɪˈstiːmd/
Definition: Respected and admired.
From Middle French “estimer” (meaning “to estimate, to value”).
Example Sentence: The esteemed professor was a leading expert in her field.
89. Ethereal (adjective) /ɪˈθɪr.i.əl/
Definition: Extremely delicate and light in a way that seems not to be of this world;
heavenly or spiritual.
From Greek “aither” (meaning “upper air, ether”).
Example Sentence: The ethereal beauty of the sunset took our breath away.
90. Exquisite (adjective) /ɪkˈskwɪz.ɪt/
Definition: Extremely beautiful and, typically, delicate.
From Latin “exquisitus” (meaning “carefully chosen, selected”).
Example Sentence: The restaurant served exquisite French cuisine that was a delight to
the senses.

91. Eclectic (adjective) /ɪˈklek.tɪk/

Definition: Deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources.
From Greek “eklektikos” (meaning “selective”).
Example Sentence: The artist’s work was an eclectic mix of different styles and
techniques.
92. Effervescent (adjective) /ˌef.ərˈves.ənt/
Definition: Bubbly, lively, and enthusiastic.
From Latin “effervescere” (meaning “to boil up”).
Example Sentence: The effervescent young woman was the life of the party.
93. Egregious (adjective) /ɪˈɡriː.dʒəs/

20
 Definition: Outstandingly bad; shocking.
From Latin “egregius” (meaning “distinguished, excellent”).
Example Sentence: The company’s egregious treatment of its employees led to a public
outcry.
94. Elated (adjective) /ɪˈleɪ.tɪd/
Definition: Extremely happy and excited.
From Latin “elatus” (meaning “lifted up, exalted”).
Example Sentence: The team was elated after winning the championship game.
95. Emboldened (adjective) /ɪmˈboʊl.dənd/
Definition: Made brave or courageous; encouraged.
From Middle English “bolden” (meaning “to make bold, to encourage”).
Example Sentence: The support of her friends emboldened her to pursue her dreams.
96. Empathetic (adjective) /ɛm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/
Definition: Showing an ability to understand and share the feelings of others.
From Greek “empatheia” (meaning “passion, state of emotion”).
Example Sentence: The therapist’s empathetic approach helped her patients feel
understood and supported.
97. Endearing (adjective) /ɪnˈdɪr.ɪŋ/
Definition: Inspiring love or affection; charming.
From Middle English “endere” (meaning “precious, valuable”).
Example Sentence: The puppy’s endearing antics made everyone in the family smile.

98. Enraptured (adjective) /ɪnˈræp.tʃərd/

Definition: Filled with great delight or joy; entranced.
From Middle French “enravir” (meaning “to seize, to capture”).
Example Sentence: The audience was enraptured by the singer’s beautiful voice.
99. Entrenched (adjective) /ɪnˈtrentʃt/
Definition: Firmly established and difficult or unlikely to change; ingrained.
From Middle French “trenchier” (meaning “to cut, to carve”).
Example Sentence: The political party’s ideology had become so entrenched that it was
difficult for new ideas to gain traction.

21
 100. Equanimous (adjective) /ˌek.wəˈnaɪ.məs/
Definition: Calm and composed, especially in difficult situations.
From Latin “aequanimitas” (meaning “evenness of mind”).
Example Sentence: The CEO remained equanimous in the face of a crisis, which helped
the company navigate through the difficult times.
Sure, here are twenty words starting with the letter “F”:
101. Facetious (adjective) /fəˈsiː.ʃəs/
Definition: Treating serious issues with inappropriate humor; flippant.
From Latin “facetus” (meaning “witty, elegant”).
Example Sentence: His facetious remarks during the meeting did not go over well with
his colleagues.
102. Farcical (adjective) /ˈfɑːr.sɪ.kəl/
Definition: Ridiculous and absurd, often in a humorous way.
From Middle French “farce” (meaning “joke, jest”).
Example Sentence: The play was a farcical comedy that had the audience laughing from
start to finish.
103. Fastidious (adjective) /fæˈstɪd.i.əs/
Definition: Very attentive to detail; meticulous and demanding.
From Latin “fastidiosus” (meaning “disdainful, squeamish”).
Example Sentence: The chef was known for his fastidious attention to every aspect of his
dishes.

104. Fatuous (adjective) /ˈfætʃ.u.əs/

Definition: Silly and pointless; foolish.
From Latin “fatuus” (meaning “foolish, insipid”).
Example Sentence: His fatuous comments during the meeting showed a lack of
understanding of the issue at hand.
105. Fecund (adjective) /ˈfek.ənd/
Definition: Producing or capable of producing many offspring, ideas, or creative works.
From Latin “fecundus” (meaning “fruitful, fertile”).

22
 Example Sentence: The artist’s fecund imagination allowed him to create a wide range of
stunning works.
106. Felicitous (adjective) /fəˈlɪs.ɪ.təs/
Definition: Well-chosen or suited to the circumstances; pleasing and fortunate.
From Latin “felix” (meaning “happy, fortunate”).
Example Sentence: The speaker’s felicitous choice of words made her message clear and
persuasive.
107. Fervent (adjective) /ˈfɜːr.vənt/
Definition: Having or showing great intensity of feeling; passionate.
From Latin “fervere” (meaning “to boil, to glow”).
Example Sentence: The fans’ fervent support for their team was evident in their cheers
and chants.
108. Fickle (adjective) /ˈfɪk.əl/
Definition: Changing frequently, especially in regards to one’s loyalties, interests, or
affections.
From Old English “ficel” (meaning “deceitful, treacherous”).
Example Sentence: Her fickle nature made it difficult for her to maintain long-term
relationships.
109. Finesse (noun) /fɪˈ.nes/
Definition: Skillful handling of a situation, often with diplomacy or tact.
From Middle French “finesse” (meaning “subtlety, delicacy”).
Example Sentence: The diplomat’s finesse allowed her to navigate the tense negotiations
and reach a peaceful resolution.

110. Flagrant (adjective) /ˈfleɪ.ɡrənt/

Definition: Conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible.
From Latin “flagrare” (meaning “to burn, blaze”).
Example Sentence: The athlete’s flagrant disregard for the rules led to his disqualification
from the tournament.
111. Flippant (adjective) /ˈflɪp.ənt/
Definition: Lacking proper respect or seriousness; frivolous or disrespectful.

23
 From French “flipper” (meaning “to flick”).
Example Sentence: His flippant attitude towards the serious issue offended many people
in the room.
112. Florid (adjective) /ˈflɔːr.ɪd/
Definition: Excessively ornate or flowery in style or language; having a flushed, reddish
complexion.
From Latin “floridus” (meaning “flowery, blooming”).
Example Sentence: The writer’s florid prose made the story difficult to follow.
113. Flummox (verb) /ˈflʌm.əks/
Definition: To confuse or perplex someone; to bewilder.
Origin uncertain, possibly from a blend of “flabbergast” and “muddle”.
Example Sentence: The complex instructions flummoxed the new employee, who had
trouble understanding what to do.
114. Foible (noun) /ˈfɔɪ.bəl/
Definition: A minor weakness or flaw in someone’s character.
From French “faible” (meaning “weakness”).
Example Sentence: Despite her many strengths, her foible was a tendency to
procrastinate.
115. Foment (verb) /fəʊˈment/
Definition: To instigate or stir up trouble or rebellion; to encourage or promote the growth
of something.
From Latin “fomentare” (meaning “to apply warm compresses to a part of the body”).
Example Sentence: The radical group sought to foment unrest and overthrow the
government.

116. Forbearance (noun) /fɔːrˈbɛərəns/

Definition: Patient self-control; restraint and tolerance.
From Middle English “forberen” (meaning “to endure”).
Example Sentence: The teacher’s forbearance in dealing with difficult students was
admirable.
117. Foreboding (noun) /fɔːrˈbəʊ.dɪŋ/

24
 Definition: A feeling that something bad will happen; a premonition.
From Old English “forebodung” (meaning”prediction, prophecy”).
Example Sentence: The dark clouds and eerie silence gave her a sense of foreboding
about the impending storm.
118. Fortitude (noun) /ˈfɔː.tɪ.tjuːd/
Definition: Courage and strength in the face of adversity or difficulty.
From Latin “fortitudo” (meaning “strength, bravery”).
Example Sentence: The soldier’s fortitude in battle inspired his comrades and earned him
a medal of honor.
119. Foster (verb) /ˈfɒs.tər/
Definition: To encourage or promote the development of something; to nurture or care for
someone.
From Old English “fōstrian” (meaning “to feed, nourish, rear”).
Example Sentence: The company’s culture fostered innovation and creativity among its
employees.
120. Frivolous (adjective) /ˈfrɪv.əl.əs/
Definition: Lacking in seriousness or importance; silly or trivial.
From French “frivole” (meaning “trifling, frivolous”).
Example Sentence: The judge dismissed the lawsuit as frivolous and without merit.
121. Garrulous (adjective) /ˈɡær.əl.əs/
Definition: Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters.
From Latin “garrulus” (meaning “talkative, chatty”).
Example Sentence: The garrulous old man would talk for hours about his childhood
memories.

122. Gauche (adjective) /ɡəʊʃ/

Definition: Lacking in social grace or tact; awkward and clumsy.
From French “gauche” (meaning “left”).
Example Sentence: His gauche attempts at flirting only made her more uncomfortable.
123. Genre (noun) /ˈʒɒn.rə/

25
 Definition: A category or type of artistic work, such as literature, music, or film,
characterized by a particular style, form, or content.
From French “genre” (meaning “kind, sort, type”).
Example Sentence: The science fiction genre has become increasingly popular in recent
years.
124. Germane (adjective) /dʒɜːˈmeɪn/
Definition: Relevant or appropriate to the subject at hand; closely related.
From Latin “germanus” (meaning “related, akin”).
Example Sentence: The lawyer argued that the evidence presented was not germane to the
case.
125. Glib (adjective) /ɡlɪb/
Definition: Fluent and voluble, but insincere and shallow; superficially smooth or facile.
From Old English “glibb” (meaning “smooth, slippery”).
Example Sentence: His glib response to the serious question revealed his lack of concern
for the issue.
126. Grandiose (adjective) /ˈɡrænd.i.əʊs/
Definition: Impressive and imposing in appearance or style, but often exaggerated or
pretentious; characterized by grandeur or magnificence.
From Italian “grandioso” (meaning “grand, imposing”).
Example Sentence: The CEO’s grandiose plans for the company were met with
skepticism by the board of directors.
127. Gratuitous (adjective) /ɡrəˈtuː.ɪ.təs/
Definition: Given or done without sufficient reason or justification; uncalled for.
From Latin “gratuitus” (meaning “given freely, spontaneous”).
Example Sentence: The gratuitous violence in the movie was criticized by many viewers.

128. Gregarious (adjective) /ɡrɪˈɡeə.ri.əs/

Definition: Fond of the company of others; sociable.
From Latin “gregarius” (meaning “belonging to a flock, social”).
Example Sentence: The gregarious host made sure that all the guests were having a good
time at the party.

26
 129. Guile (noun) /ɡaɪl/
Definition: Sly or cunning intelligence; craftiness; deceitfulness.
From Old French “guile” (meaning “trickery, deceit”).
Example Sentence: The politician’s guile allowed him to win the election despite his lack
of qualifications.
130. Guffaw (noun) /ɡʌˈfɔː/
Definition: A loud and boisterous laugh.
From Middle English “goffe” (meaning “a loud laugh”).
Example Sentence: The comedian’s joke elicited a guffaw from the audience.
131. Garrulous (adjective) /ˈɡær.əl.əs/
Definition: Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters.
From Latin “garrulus” (meaning “talkative, chattering”).
Example Sentence: The garrulous neighbor would often talk for hours about mundane
topics.
132. Gluttony (noun) /ˈɡlʌt.ə.ni/
Definition: Excessive eating or drinking; habitual greed or excess in eating.
From Old French “glotonie” (meaning “excessive eating”).
Example Sentence: The chef’s gluttony for rich and indulgent foods was evident in the
restaurant’s menu.
133. Gratuitous (adjective) /ɡrəˈtuː.ɪ.təs/
Definition: Given or done free of charge; not called for by the circumstances;
unwarranted.
From Latin “gratuitus” (meaning “freely given, done without payment”).
Example Sentence: The movie’s gratuitous violence and gore was unnecessary and added
nothing to the plot.

134. Gregarious (adjective) /ɡrɪˈɡer.i.əs/

Definition: Fond of company; sociable.
From Latin “gregarius” (meaning “belonging to a flock or herd”).

27
 Example Sentence: The gregarious party host made sure that everyone felt welcome and
included.
135. Gumption (noun) /ˈɡʌm.pʃən/
Definition: Shrewd or spirited initiative and resourcefulness.
From Scottish “gumshion” (meaning “common sense, initiative”).
Example Sentence: The entrepreneur’s gumption and determination led to the success of
his startup.
136. Grandiose (adjective) /ˈɡrænd.i.əʊs/
Definition: Impressive or magnificent in appearance or style, especially pretentiously so.
From French “grandiose” (meaning “impressive, grand”).
Example Sentence: The CEO’s grandiose plans for the company’s expansion were met
with skepticism by the board of directors.
137. Hyperbole (noun) /haɪˈpɜː.bəl.i/
Definition: Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally; extravagant
exaggeration.
From Greek “hyperbolē” (meaning “excess, exaggeration”).
Example Sentence: The politician’s hyperbole during his campaign speeches made it
difficult to know what he truly believed.
138. Gregarious (adjective) /ɡrɪˈɡer.i.əs/
Definition: Fond of company; sociable.
From Latin “gregarius” (meaning “belonging to a flock or herd”).
Example Sentence: The gregarious party host made sure that everyone felt welcome and
included.
139. Gaunt (adjective) /ɡɔːnt/
Definition: Lean and haggard, especially because of suffering, hunger, or age.
From Old French “gant” (meaning “thin, emaciated”).
Example Sentence: The prisoner looked gaunt and pale after months of being held
captive.

140. Gumption (noun) /ˈɡʌm.pʃən/

Definition: Shrewd or spirited initiative and resourcefulness.

28
 From Scottish “gumshion” (meaning “common sense, initiative”).
Example Sentence: The entrepreneur’s gumption and determination led to the success of
his startup.
141. Hapless (adjective) /ˈhæp.ləs/
Definition: Unfortunate or unlucky.
From Old Norse “heppinn” (meaning “lucky”).
Example Sentence: The hapless traveler lost his wallet and missed his flight, making for a
very unpleasant trip.
142. Histrionic (adjective) /hɪs.triˈɒn.ɪk/
Definition: Overly theatrical or melodramatic in character or style.
From Greek “histrionikos” (meaning “of an actor”).
Example Sentence: The actor’s histrionic performance drew mixed reviews from the
critics.
143. Hyperbole (noun) /haɪˈpɜː.bəl.i/
Definition: Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
From Greek “hyperbolē” (meaning “excess”).
Example Sentence: The politician’s hyperbole about his accomplishments was met with
skepticism by the public.
144. Homogeneous (adjective) /ˌhɒ.məˈdʒiː.ni.əs/
Definition: Consisting of parts or elements that are all the same.
From Greek “homogenēs” (meaning “of the same kind”).
Example Sentence: The soup was homogeneous in texture, with no discernible chunks or
pieces.
145. Hierarchy (noun) /ˈhaɪə.rɑː.ki/
Definition: A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the
other according to status or authority.
From Greek “hierarkhia” (meaning “rule of a high priest”).
Example Sentence: The military organization had a strict hierarchy, with officers
outranking enlisted personnel.

146. Hubris (noun) /ˈhjuː.brɪs/

29
 Definition: Excessive pride or self-confidence; arrogance.
From Greek “hubris” (meaning “outrage, insolence”).
Example Sentence: The CEO’s hubris led him to make risky business decisions that
ultimately led to the company’s downfall.
147. Hone (verb) /həʊn/
Definition: Sharpen (a blade).
From Old English “hānian” (meaning “to whet, sharpen”).
Example Sentence: The chef honed his knife before preparing the meal.
148. Hovel (noun) /ˈhɒv.əl/
Definition: A small, squalid, unpleasant, or simply constructed dwelling.
From Old English “hof” (meaning “small farm, house”).
Example Sentence: The homeless man lived in a hovel under the bridge.
149. Haply (adverb) /ˈhæp.li/
Definition: By chance; perhaps.
From Old English “gehæplic” (meaning “convenient, fit, suitable”).
Example Sentence: Haply, we will meet again someday.
150. Hirsute (adjective) /ˈhɜː.sjuːt/
Definition: Hairy; shaggy.
From Latin “hirsutus” (meaning “hairy, shaggy”).
Example Sentence: The hirsute man had a thick beard and bushy eyebrows.
151. Hegemony (noun) /hɪˈɡɛməni/
Definition: Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over
others.
From Greek “hegemonia” (meaning “leadership”).
Example Sentence: The United States has long held a position of hegemony in the global
economy.
152. Heterogeneous (adjective) /ˌhɛtərəˈdʒiːniəs/
Definition: Diverse in character or content.
From Greek “heterogenēs” (meaning “of different kinds”).
Example Sentence: The student body was heterogeneous, with individuals from various
backgrounds and cultures.

30
 153. Hallowed (adjective) /ˈhæloʊd/
Definition: Regarded as holy; sacred.
From Old English “halgian” (meaning “to make holy, sanctify”).
Example Sentence: The hallowed ground of the cemetery was a peaceful resting place for
the deceased.
154. Hinterland (noun) /ˈhɪntərlænd/
Definition: The often uncharted areas beyond a coastal district or a river’s banks.
From German “Hinterland” (meaning “land behind”).
Example Sentence: The explorer ventured into the hinterland, searching for new
discoveries.
155. Hyperactive (adjective) /ˌhaɪpərˈæktɪv/
Definition: Abnormally or extremely active.
From Greek “hyperaktīvos” (meaning “excessively active”).
Example Sentence: The hyperactive child had trouble sitting still and focusing in class.
156. Halcyon (adjective) /ˈhælsiən/
Definition: Denoting a period of time in the past that was idyllically happy and peaceful.
From Latin “halcyon” (meaning “a mythical bird said to breed at the time of the winter
solstice in a nest floating on the sea and to have the power of calming the winds and
waves”).
Example Sentence: The halcyon days of her youth were filled with joy and laughter.
157. Homily (noun) /ˈhɑːməli/
Definition: A religious discourse that is intended primarily for spiritual edification rather
than doctrinal instruction; a sermon.
From Greek “homilia” (meaning “conversation, discourse”).
Example Sentence: The priest delivered a homily on forgiveness and compassion.
158. Harbinger (noun) /ˈhɑːrbɪndʒər/
Definition: A person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another; a
forerunner.
From Old French “herbergere” (meaning “to provide lodging for”).
Example Sentence: The first snowfall of the year was a harbinger of the long winter
ahead.

31
 159. Histrionic (adjective) /hɪstriˈɑːnɪk/
Definition: Overly dramatic or theatrical in style or character.
From Latin “histrionicus” (meaning “pertaining to an actor”).
Example Sentence: The actress’s histrionic performance brought the audience to tears.
160. Habiliment (noun) /həˈbɪlɪmənt/
Definition: Clothing or dress, especially of a distinctive or special kind.
From Latin “habilimentum” (meaning “clothing, dress”).
Example Sentence: The traditional Scottish kilt is a unique habiliment that has been worn
for centuries.
161. Iconoclast (noun) /aɪˈkɑːnəˌklæst/
Definition: A person who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions.
From Greek “eikonoklastēs” (meaning “image breaker”).
Example Sentence: The artist was often seen as an iconoclast for his unconventional style.
162. Ineffable (adjective) /ɪnˈɛfəbəl/
Definition: Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words; indescribable.
From Latin “ineffabilis” (meaning “that cannot be expressed in words”).
Example Sentence: The beauty of the sunset was ineffable, leaving us speechless and in
awe.
163. Inscrutable (adjective) /ɪnˈskruːtəbəl/
Definition: Impossible to understand or interpret; mysterious.
From Latin “inscrutabilis” (meaning “that cannot be searched into”).
Example Sentence: The motives behind her actions were inscrutable, leaving us
wondering what she was really thinking.
164. Inveterate (adjective) /ɪnˈvɛtərət/
Definition: Having a particular habit, activity, or interest that is long-established and
unlikely to change.
From Latin “inveteratus” (meaning “long established”).
Example Sentence: He was an inveterate smoker, having smoked for over 20 years.
165. Irresolute (adjective) /ɪˈrɛzəluːt/
Definition: Hesitant; uncertain; indecisive.
From Latin “irresolutus” (meaning “not determined, undecided”).

32
 Example Sentence: She was irresolute about which college to attend, weighing the pros
and cons of each option.
166. Impetuous (adjective) /ɪmˈpɛtʃuəs/
Definition: Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.
From Latin “impetuosus” (meaning “violent, impetuous”).
Example Sentence: His impetuous decision to quit his job without another lined up left
him in a difficult financial situation.
167. Ingratiate (verb) /ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪt/
Definition: Bring oneself into favor with someone by flattering or trying to please them.
From Latin “ingratiatus” (meaning “made pleasing”).
Example Sentence: The intern tried to ingratiate herself with her boss by bringing him
coffee every morning.
168. Intransigent (adjective) /ɪnˈtrænsədʒənt/
Definition: Refusing to change one’s views or to agree about something.
From Spanish “intransigente” (meaning “uncompromising”).
Example Sentence: The intransigent politician refused to consider any compromises,
causing the negotiations to break down.
169. Inundate (verb) /ˈɪnənˌdeɪt/
Definition: Overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with; flood.
From Latin “inundatus” (meaning “flooded”).
Example Sentence: After the company announced its bankruptcy, the CEO was inundated
with calls from angry shareholders.
170. Inscrutability (noun) /ɪnˌskruːtəˈbɪlɪti/
Definition: The quality of being impossible to understand or interpret; mysteriousness.
From Latin “inscrutabilitas” (meaning “that which cannot be searched into”).
Example Sentence: The inscrutability of the artist’s work left critics debating its meaning
and significance.
171. Inimical (adjective) /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/
Definition: Tending to obstruct or harm; unfriendly; hostile.
From Latin “inimicus” (meaning “unfriendly, hostile”).
Example Sentence: The harsh weather was inimical to the crops, causing them to wither
and die.

33
 172. Insouciant (adjective) /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/
Definition: Showing a casual lack of concern; indifferent; carefree.
From French “insouciant” (meaning “carefree, unconcerned”).
Example Sentence: The insouciant attitude of the teenagers towards their studies worried
their parents.
173. Inexorable (adjective) /ɪnˈɛksərəbəl/
Definition: Impossible to stop or prevent; unyielding; relentless.
From Latin “inexorabilis” (meaning “that cannot be moved by entreaty”).
Example Sentence: The inexorable march of time is something we cannot stop or control.
174. Iniquity (noun) /ɪˈnɪkwəti/
Definition: Immoral or grossly unfair behavior; wickedness.
From Latin “iniquitas” (meaning “unfairness, injustice”).
Example Sentence: The iniquity of the corrupt government officials was exposed by the
investigative journalists.
175. Insipid (adjective) /ɪnˈsɪpɪd/
Definition: Lacking flavor or interest; dull; boring.
From Latin “insipidus” (meaning “tasteless”).
Example Sentence: The movie was criticized for its insipid plot and lackluster
performances.
176. Intrepid (adjective) /ɪnˈtrɛpɪd/
Definition: Fearless; adventurous; brave.
From Latin “intrepidus” (meaning “not trembling, fearless”).
Example Sentence: The intrepid explorer set out on a dangerous journey to the remote
mountain range.
177. Inure (verb) /ɪnˈjʊər/
Definition: Accustom (someone) to something, especially something unpleasant.
From Latin “inurare” (meaning “to harden”).
Example Sentence: The soldiers were inured to the hardships of war, having experienced
them for so long.

34
 178. Invidious (adjective) /ɪnˈvɪdiəs/
Definition: Likely to arouse or incur resentment or anger in others; unfairly
discriminating.
From Latin “invidiosus” (meaning “full of envy, envious”).
Example Sentence: The invidious policies of the company were criticized for
discriminating against certain groups of employees.
179. Irascible (adjective) /aɪˈræsəbəl/
Definition: Easily provoked to anger; irritable; hot-tempered.
From Latin “irascibilis” (meaning “prone to anger”).
Example Sentence: The irascible boss was known for his short temper and tendency to
yell at his employees.
180. Impetuous (adjective) /ɪmˈpɛtjʊəs/
Definition: Acting or done quickly and without thought or care; impulsive.
From Latin “impetuosus” (meaning “violent, impulsive”).
Example Sentence: The impetuous decision to quit his job without a backup plan proved
to be a mistake.
181. Jocular (adjective) /ˈdʒɒkjʊlə/
Definition: Fond of or characterized by joking; humorous; playful.
From Latin “jocularis” (meaning “humorous, joking”).
Example Sentence: The jocular tone of the comedian’s performance had the audience
laughing out loud.
182. Juxtapose (verb) /ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊz/
Definition: Place or deal with close together for contrasting effect.
From Latin “juxta” (meaning “near, close to”) + “ponere” (meaning “to place”).
Example Sentence: The artist’s work often juxtaposes bright colors with dark tones to
create a striking visual contrast.
183. Judicious (adjective) /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/
Definition: Having, showing, or done with good judgment or sense; wise; sensible.
From Latin “judiciosus” (meaning “having good judgment”).

35
 Example Sentence: The judge’s judicious ruling took into account all the evidence
presented in the case.

184. Jettison (verb) /ˈdʒɛtɪsən/

Definition: Throw or drop (something) from an aircraft or ship; abandon; discard.
From Old French “jeter” (meaning “to throw”) + “-aison” (suffix indicating action or
process).
Example Sentence: The crew had to jettison some of the cargo to lighten the load and
prevent the ship from sinking.
185. Jocund (adjective) /ˈdʒɒkənd/
Definition: Cheerful and lighthearted; merry; jolly.
From Latin “jocundus” (meaning “pleasant, delightful”).
Example Sentence: The jocund atmosphere of the party was infectious, and everyone was
in high spirits.
186. Jingoism (noun) /ˈdʒɪŋɡəʊɪzəm/
Definition: Extreme patriotism, especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign
policy; nationalism.
From the song “The Jingoistic Song” by G. W. Hunt, which was popular in Britain in the
1870s.
Example Sentence: The politician’s jingoism appealed to the more nationalistic voters,
but was criticized by others for being too aggressive.
187. Juggernaut (noun) /ˈdʒʌɡənɔːt/
Definition: A huge, powerful, and overwhelming force or institution; unstoppable force.
From Hindi “Jagannath” (meaning “Lord of the Universe”).
Example Sentence: The tech giant’s dominance in the industry seemed like an
unstoppable juggernaut.
188. Juxtaposition (noun) /ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən/
Definition: The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting
effect.
From Latin “juxta” (meaning “near, close to”) + “positio” (meaning “placement”).
Example Sentence: The artist’s use of juxtaposition in his work created a striking visual
contrast.

36
 189. Jaded (adjective) /ˈdʒeɪdɪd/
Definition: Tired, bored, or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of
something; worn out; fatigued.
From Middle English “jade” (meaning “a worn-out horse”).
Example Sentence: The jaded traveler had seen so many beautiful sights that he was no
longer impressed by anything.
190. Jovial (adjective) /ˈdʒəʊvɪəl/
Definition: Cheerful and friendly; jolly; merry.
From Latin “jovialis” (meaning “of Jupiter, jovial”).
Example Sentence: The jovial host welcomed his guests with a warm smile and a glass of
champagne.
191. Jargon (noun) /ˈdʒɑːɡən/
Definition: Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group
and are difficult for others to understand; technical language; slang.
From Middle English “jargoun” (meaning “chattering, twittering”).
Example Sentence: The lawyer’s use of legal jargon made it difficult for the client to
understand the terms of the contract.
192. Jocularly (adverb) /ˈdʒɒkjʊləli/
Definition: In a humorous or playful manner; jokingly.
From Latin “jocularis” (meaning “humorous, joking”).
Example Sentence: The comedian jocularly poked fun at the audience, making them
laugh even harder.
193. Juxtaposed (adjective) /ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊzd/
Definition: Placed close together for contrasting effect; placed side by side.
From Latin “juxta” (meaning “near, close to”) + “positus” (meaning “placed”).
Example Sentence: The artist’s use of juxtaposed colors created a dramatic effect in the
painting.
194. Jocose (adjective) /dʒəˈkəʊs/
Definition: Playful or humorous; joking; witty.
From Latin “jocosus” (meaning “full of jest, joking”).
Example Sentence: The jocose banter between the two friends kept everyone entertained.
195. Jangle (verb) /ˈdʒaŋɡ(ə)l/

37
 Definition: Make or cause to make a ringing metallic sound, typically a discordant one;
clash; jar.
From Middle English “jangel” (meaning “to chatter, gossip”).
Example Sentence: The keys jangled in his pocket as he walked, making a loud and
annoying noise.

196. Jadedness (noun) /ˈdʒeɪdɪdnəs/

Definition: The state of being jaded; weariness or fatigue from too much of something.
From the adjective “jaded” (meaning “tired, bored, lacking enthusiasm”).
Example Sentence: The jadedness of the audience was evident as they barely reacted to
the performer’s jokes.
197. Joviality (noun) /dʒəʊˈvɪælɪti/
Definition: Cheerfulness and friendliness; jolliness; merriment.
From the adjective “jovial” (meaning “cheerful, friendly”).
Example Sentence: The joviality of the party was contagious, and soon everyone was
laughing and having a good time.
198. Jargonize (verb) /ˈdʒɑːɡənaɪz/
Definition: To speak or write in jargon; use technical language or slang.
From the noun “jargon” (meaning “special words or expressions used by a particular
profession or group”).
Example Sentence: The scientist tended to jargonize when explaining his research to non-
scientists, making it difficult for them to understand.
199. Jungle (noun) /ˈdʒʌŋɡ(ə)l/
Definition: A dense forest in a tropical region, typically uninhabited by humans; a wild
and tangled mass of vegetation or other things.
From the Hindi-Urdu “jangal” (meaning “desert, forest”).
Example Sentence: The explorers hacked their way through the jungle with machetes,
encountering all manner of exotic plants and animals along the way.
200. Juxtapositional (adjective) /ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən(ə)l/
Definition: Relating to or characterized by juxtaposition; involving the placement of
things close together for contrasting effect.

38
 From the noun “juxtaposition” (meaning “the fact of two things being seen or placed
close together with contrasting effect”).
Example Sentence: The artist’s use of juxtapositional elements in her sculpture created a
powerful and thought-provoking piece.
201. Ken (noun) /kɛn/
Definition: One’s range of knowledge, understanding, or sight; perception or awareness.
From the Middle English “ken” (meaning “sight, knowledge”).
Example Sentence: The detective had a keen ken for detail and was able to solve the case
quickly.

202. Kitchen (noun) /ˈkɪtʃɪn/

Definition: A room or area where food is prepared and cooked.
From the Old English “cycene” (meaning “kitchen”).
Example Sentence: The chef spent countless hours in the kitchen perfecting his signature
dish.
203. Keen (adjective) /kiːn/
Definition: Having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm; sharp or penetrating.
From the Middle English “kene” (meaning “bold, brave, sharp”).
Example Sentence: The young musician had a keen ear for music and was able to pick up
new songs quickly.
204. Knotty (adjective) /ˈnɒti/
Definition: Full of knots; complicated or difficult to solve or understand.
From the Middle English “knotte” (meaning “a knot, a knob”).
Example Sentence: The knotty problem had stumped the researchers for years, but they
finally found a breakthrough solution.
205. Knowledge (noun) /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/
Definition: Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education;
awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a particular situation or fact.
From the Middle English “knowleche” (meaning “acknowledgment, recognition,
understanding”).
Example Sentence: The scientist’s knowledge of physics allowed her to make
groundbreaking discoveries in the field.
206. Knapsack (noun) /ˈnapˌsak/

39
 Definition: A bag with shoulder straps, typically made of canvas or leather, used for
carrying personal belongings.
From the Middle Low German “knappsack” (meaning “snack bag, provision bag”).
Example Sentence: The hiker packed a lightweight knapsack for his day trip in the
mountains.
207. Knead (verb) /niːd/
Definition: To work dough or clay into a uniform mixture by pressing, folding, and
stretching it with the hands.
From the Old English “cnedan” (meaning “to knead”).
Example Sentence: The baker kneaded the dough for several minutes before shaping it
into loaves.

208. Kaleidoscope (noun) /kəˈlaɪdəskəʊp/

Definition: A toy consisting of a tube containing mirrors and pieces of colored glass or
paper, whose reflections produce changing patterns when the tube is rotated.
From the Greek “kalos” (meaning “beautiful”), “eidos” (meaning “form”), and
“skopein”(meaning “to look”).
Example Sentence: The child was mesmerized by the kaleidoscope’s ever-changing
patterns of color and light.
209. Knit (verb) /nɪt/
Definition: To make fabric by interlocking loops of yarn with knitting needles or a
machine.
From the Old English “cnyttan” (meaning “to tie, bind, or knit”).
Example Sentence: The grandmother spent hours knitting a warm sweater for her
granddaughter.
210. Kangaroo (noun) /kæŋɡəˈruː/
Definition: A large marsupial with powerful hind legs used for leaping and a long tail for
balance, native to Australia.
From the Guugu Yimithirr language of Australia.
Example Sentence: The kangaroo is a beloved symbol of Australia and is featured on the
country’s coat of arms.
211. Ketchup (noun) /ˈkɛtʃəp/
Definition: A thick sauce made from tomatoes, vinegar, sugar, and spices, typically used
as a condiment for savory foods.
From the Malay “kechap” (meaning “fish sauce”).
40
 Example Sentence: The diner requested extra ketchup to go with his fries.
212. Kinesthetic (adjective) /ˌkɪnɪsˈθɛtɪk/
Definition: Relating to or involving bodily movement and physical sensation.
From the Greek “kinesis” (meaning “movement”) and “aisthēsis” (meaning
“sensation”).
Example Sentence: The kinesthetic learner preferred hands-on activities to lectures.
213. Kowtow (verb) /ˌkaʊˈtaʊ/
Definition: To kneel and touch the ground with the forehead in worship or submission;
to act in an excessively subservient manner.
From the Chinese “kòu tóu” (meaning “knock the head”).
Example Sentence: The diplomat refused to kowtow to the foreign leader’s demands.

214. Kleptomania (noun) /ˌklɛptəˈmeɪnɪə/

Definition: A recurrent urge to steal, typically without regard for need or profit.
From the Greek “kleptēs” (meaning “thief”) and “mania” (meaning “madness”).
Example Sentence: The psychiatrist diagnosed the patient with kleptomania and
recommended therapy.
215. Kibitz (verb) /ˈkɪbɪts/
Definition: To offer unsolicited advice or commentary, especially in a distracting or
intrusive manner.
From the Yiddish “kibitsen” (meaning “to chat, to joke”).
Example Sentence: The poker player didn’t appreciate his opponents kibitzing during
the game.
216. Kudos (noun) /ˈkuːdɒs/
Definition: Praise or acclaim for an achievement or accomplishment.
From the Greek “kudos” (meaning “glory, fame”).
Example Sentence: The team received kudos from their coach for their hard work and
dedication.
217. Kindle (verb) /ˈkɪndəl/
Definition: To start a fire; to arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling).
From the Old Norse “kynda” (meaning “to light, to kindle”).
Example Sentence: The camper used dry leaves and twigs to kindle a fire.

41
 218. Kiosk (noun) /ˈkiːɒsk/
Definition: A small open-fronted hut or cubicle, typically one in a public place, used for
selling newspapers, refreshments, or tickets.
From the Turkish “köşk” (meaning “pavilion”).
Example Sentence: The kiosk on the corner sold hot dogs and sodas to passersby.
219. Kitsch (noun) /kɪtʃ/
Definition: Art, objects, or design considered to be in poor taste because of excessive
garishness or sentimentality, but sometimes appreciated in an ironic or knowing way.
From the German “kitschen” (meaning “to throw together, to make cheap art”).
Example Sentence: The thrift store was full of kitsch items like velvet paintings and
ceramic figurines.

220. Kismet (noun) /ˈkɪzmɛt/

Definition: Destiny or fate.
From the Arabic “qisma” (meaning “division, portion”).
Example Sentence: The couple believed that it was kismet that they met on a train and
fell in love.
221. Larceny (noun) /ˈlɑːs(ə)ni/
Definition: Theft of personal property.
From the Latin “latrocinium” (meaning “robbery”).
Example Sentence: The thief was arrested for larceny after stealing a purse from a
parked car.
222. Lassitude (noun) /ˈlasɪtjuːd/
Definition: A state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy.
From the Latin “lassus” (meaning “weary”).
Example Sentence: The hiker felt lassitude after climbing the mountain for hours.
223. Laudable (adjective) /ˈlɔːdəb(ə)l/
Definition: Deserving praise and commendation.
From the Latin “laudabilis” (meaning “praiseworthy”).
Example Sentence: The charity’s work to help the homeless was laudable.

42
 224. Lavender (noun) /ˈlav(ə)ndə/
Definition: A small aromatic evergreen shrub of the mint family, with narrow leaves and
bluish-purple flowers.
From the Old French “lavendre” (meaning “lavender”).
Example Sentence: The garden was filled with the scent of lavender.
225. Laxative (noun) /ˈlaksətɪv/
Definition: A medicine or food that has a loosening effect on the bowels.
From the Latin “laxare” (meaning “to loosen”).
Example Sentence: The doctor prescribed a laxative to help the patient with
constipation.

226. Leverage (noun) /ˈliːv(ə)rɪdʒ/

Definition: The exertion of force by means of a lever or an object used in the manner of
a lever; power or influence.
From the Old French “levier” (meaning “a lever”).
Example Sentence: The company used its leverage to negotiate a better deal with its
suppliers.
227. Lexicology (noun) /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒlədʒi/
Definition: The study of the structure, development, and meaning of words.
From the Greek “lexis” (meaning “speech, word”) and “logos” (meaning “study,
discourse”).
Example Sentence: The linguist specialized in lexicology and spent years researching
the origins of words.
228. Liable (adjective) /ˈlʌɪəb(ə)l/
Definition: Legally responsible; likely to do or experience something.
From the Old French “liable” (meaning “bound”).
Example Sentence: The company was held liable for the damages caused by its faulty
product.
229. Lichen (noun) /ˈlʌɪkən/

43
 Definition: A simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crust-like, leaf-like,
or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees.
From the Greek “leikhēn” (meaning “lichen”).
Example Sentence: The lichen on the tree trunk showed the high level of air pollution in
the area.
230. Licorice (noun) /ˈlɪk(ə)rɪs/
Definition: A sweet, chewy candy flavored with the extract of the licorice root.
From the Middle English “licoris” (meaning “liquorice”).
Example Sentence: The child loved the taste of licorice and always asked for it as a
treat.
231. Lighthearted (adjective) /ˌlaɪtˈhɑːtɪd/
Definition: Cheerful and carefree.
From the Middle English “light” (meaning “not heavy”) and “herte” (meaning “heart”).
Example Sentence: The lighthearted comedy made the audience laugh and forget their
worries.

232. Limousine (noun) /ˈlɪməziːn/

Definition: A large, luxurious car, especially one with a partition separating the driver’s
seat from the passenger compartment.
From the French “Limousin” (referring to the region in France where the car was first
made).
Example Sentence: The celebrity arrived at the red carpet in a limousine and waved to
the cheering fans.
233. Linguistics (noun) /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/
Definition: The scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of
morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics.
From the Latin “lingua” (meaning “tongue, language”).
Example Sentence: The linguistics professor taught a course on the history and evolution
of the English language.
234. Liquefy (verb) /ˈlɪkwɪfaɪ/
Definition: To make or become liquid.
From the Latin “liquere” (meaning “to be liquid”).
Example Sentence: The heat from the fire caused the ice to liquefy and turn into water.
235. Literacy (noun) /ˈlɪt(ə)rəsi/
44
 Definition: The ability to read and write.
From the Latin “littera” (meaning “letter, character”).
Example Sentence: The government launched a campaign to improve literacy rates
among the population.
236. Litterbug (noun) /ˈlɪtəbʌɡ/
Definition: A person who litters or leaves trash in public places.
From the words “litter” (meaning “trash”) and “bug” (meaning “an insect or small
creature”).
Example Sentence: The park was littered with trash left behind by careless litterbugs.
237. Livelihood (noun) /ˈlaɪvlɪhʊd/
Definition: A means of supporting oneself, especially financially.
From the Old English “lifian” (meaning “to live”) and “hād” (meaning “state,
condition”).
Example Sentence: Fishing was the main livelihood of the small coastal village.

238. Locomotive (noun) /ˌləʊkəˈməʊtɪv/

Definition: A powered rail vehicle used for pulling trains.
From the Latin “locus” (meaning “place”) and “movere” (meaning “to move”).
Example Sentence: The old steam locomotive chugged along the tracks, pulling a line of
passenger cars behind it.
239. Loiter (verb) /ˈlɔɪtə/
Definition: To stand or wait around without any apparent purpose.
From the Middle English “loitren” (meaning “to linger”).
Example Sentence: The security guard asked the group of teenagers to stop loitering in
front of the store.
240. Longitude (noun) /ˈlɒŋɡɪtjuːd/
Definition: The angular distance of a place east or west of the prime meridian, usually
expressed in degrees.
From the Latin “longitudo” (meaning “length”).
Example Sentence: The coordinates of the city included both its latitude and longitude.
241. Maverick (noun) /ˈmæv(ə)rɪk/

45
 Definition: An independent-minded person who does not conform to the norm; a
nonconformist.
From the name of Samuel Maverick, a Texan rancher who did not brand his cattle.
Example Sentence: The young politician was seen as a maverick for his unconventional
ideas and willingness to challenge the status quo.
242. Mellifluous (adjective) /məˈlɪflʊəs/
Definition: Pleasant to hear; sweet-sounding; melodious.
From the Latin word “mel” meaning “honey” and “fluere” meaning “to flow”.
Example Sentence: The opera singer had a mellifluous voice that captivated the
audience.
243. Mendacious (adjective) /menˈdeɪʃəs/
Definition: Not telling the truth; lying; dishonest.
From the Latin word “mendax” meaning “lying”.
Example Sentence: The politician’s mendacious statements were exposed by the media,
damaging his reputation.

244. Mercurial (adjective) /məˈkjʊərɪəl/

Definition: Subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind; volatile;
erratic.
From the Roman god Mercury, who was known for his speed and unpredictability.
Example Sentence: The CEO’s mercurial behavior made it difficult for his employees to
anticipate his decisions.
245. Metamorphosis (noun) /ˌmɛtəˈmɔːfəsɪs/
Definition: A transformation or change in form; a profound change in character or
appearance.
From the Greek words “meta” meaning “beyond” and “morphē” meaning “form”.
Example Sentence: The butterfly undergoes a metamorphosis from a caterpillar,
transforming into a beautiful creature.
246. Misanthrope (noun) /ˈmɪz(ə)nθrəʊp/
Definition: A person who dislikes, distrusts, or is cynical about other people; a person
who hates humanity.
From the Greek words “misos” meaning “hatred” and “anthropos” meaning “man”.
46
 Example Sentence: The reclusive author was known to be a misanthrope, avoiding
social interaction whenever possible.
247. Mitigate (verb) /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/
Definition: To make less severe, serious, or painful; to alleviate; to reduce in intensity.
From the Latin word “mitigare” meaning “to soften” or “to make mild”.
Example Sentence: The doctor prescribed medication to mitigate the patient’s pain.
248. Melancholy (noun) /ˈmɛlənkəli/
Definition: A feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause; a gloomy state
of mind.
From the Greek word “melankholia” meaning “black bile”.
Example Sentence: The melancholy music made her feel even more sad and
introspective.
249. Motley (adjective) /ˈmɒtli/
Definition: Made up of a variety of colors or elements; diverse; heterogeneous.
From the Middle English word “motley” meaning “multicolored”.
Example Sentence: The motley group of musicians played a variety of instruments from
around the world.

250. Mundane (adjective) /ˌmʌnˈdeɪn/

Definition: Lacking interest or excitement; dull; ordinary; commonplace.
From the Latin word “mundus” meaning “world”.
Example Sentence: The office worker’s mundane routine consisted of answering emails
and attending meetings all day.
251. Myriad (noun) /ˈmɪrɪəd/
Definition: A countless or extremely great number of people or things; a multitude.
From the Greek word “murias” meaning “ten thousand”.
Example Sentence: The myriad of options available at the buffet overwhelmed the hungry
diners.
252. Mystical (adjective) /ˈmɪstɪk(ə)l/
Definition: Relating to mystics or religious mysticism; having a spiritual or mysterious
quality; otherworldly.
From the Greek word “mustikos” meaning “secret” or “mysterious”.

47
 Example Sentence: The ancient temple was said to have mystical powers that could heal
the sick and protect the faithful.
253. Machination (noun) /ˌmakɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/
Definition: A plot or scheme, especially one that is crafted with evil intent; a crafty design
or plan.
From the Latin word “machinatio” meaning “contrivance”.
Example Sentence: The villain’s machinations were finally uncovered by the hero, who
had been suspicious of his motives all along.
254. Magnanimous (adjective) /ˌmæɡˈnænɪməs/
Definition: Generous or forgiving, especially towards a rival or less powerful person;
noble; unselfish.
From the Latin words “magnus” meaning “great” and “animus” meaning “mind” or
“spirit”.
Example Sentence: The magnanimous winner of the competition congratulated his
opponents and praised their efforts.
255. Malaise (noun) /mæˈleɪz/
Definition: A general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease; a sense of uneasiness
Or depression.
From the French word “malaise” meaning “unease” or “discomfort”.
Example Sentence: The patient complained of a persistent malaise that made it difficult
for him to go about his daily activities.
256. Malevolent (adjective) /məˈlɛvələnt/
Definition: Having or showing a wish to do evil to others; malicious; spiteful.
From the Latin words “malus” meaning “bad” and “volent” meaning “willing”.
Example Sentence: The malevolent witch cast a spell on the princess, causing her to fall
into a deep sleep.
257. Malleable (adjective) /ˈmæliəbəl/
Definition: Capable of being shaped or molded; easily influenced or changed; adaptable.
From the Latin word “malleus” meaning “hammer”.
Example Sentence: The artist used a malleable material to create a sculpture that could be
shaped into any form he desired.
258. Manifest (verb) /ˈmanɪfɛst/
Definition: To make clear or evident to the eye or the understanding; to reveal; to display.
From the Latin word “manifestus” meaning “obvious” or “apparent”.
48
 Example Sentence: The symptoms of the disease began to manifest themselves as the
patient’s condition worsened.
259. Morose (adjective) /məˈroʊs/
Definition: Sullen, gloomy, or ill-tempered; expressing a feeling of sadness or
unhappiness.
From the Latin word “morosus” meaning “peevish” or “sullen”.
Example Sentence: The morose teenager refused to speak to anyone and spent most of his
time alone in his room.
260. Minotaur (noun) /ˈmaɪnətɔːr/
Definition: A creature from Greek mythology that has the head of a bull and the body of a
man; something that is a hybrid of different elements or qualities.
Example Sentence: The car was a minotaur of a vehicle, with the body of a sports car and
the engine of a truck.
261. Nebulous (adjective) /ˈnɛbjʊləs/
Definition: Unclear, vague, or ill-defined; hazy.
From the Latin word “nebula” (meaning “cloud” or “mist”).
Example Sentence: The writer had only a nebulous idea of what the plot of the story
would be.

262. Nefarious (adjective) /nɪˈfɛːrɪəs/

Definition: Wicked or criminal; evil.
From the Latin word “nefarious” (meaning “abominable” or “infamous”).
Example Sentence: The nefarious criminal mastermind had eluded the police for years.
263. Nostalgia (noun) /nɒˈstaldʒə/
Definition: A sentimental longing or wistful affection for a period in the past.
From the Greek words “nostos” (meaning “homecoming”) and “algos” (meaning “pain”
or “ache”).
Example Sentence: The old photo album filled her with nostalgia for her childhood.
264. Nomad (noun) /ˈnəʊmad/
Definition: A member of a people who have no fixed home and move from place to place
to find food, water, and grazing land for their animals.

49
 From the Greek word “nomas” (meaning “roaming” or “wandering”).
Example Sentence: The nomad tribe traveled across the desert in search of water and
shelter.
265. Nonchalant (adjective) /ˌnɒnʃəˈlɒnt/
Definition: Feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed; not displaying anxiety,
interest, or enthusiasm.
From the French words “non” (meaning “not”) and “chalant” (meaning “concerned”).
Example Sentence: The nonchalant attitude of the teenager annoyed his parents.
266. Nondescript (adjective) /nɒndɪˈskrɪpt/
Definition: Lacking distinctive or interesting features or characteristics.
From the Latin words “non” (meaning “not”) and “describere” (meaning “to describe”).
Example Sentence: The nondescript building blended in with the other buildings on the
street.
267. Nonplussed (adjective) /nɒnˈplʌst/
Definition: Surprised and confused so much that one is unsure how to react.
From the Latin words “non” (meaning “not”) and “plus” (meaning “more”).
Example Sentence: The unexpected news left her feeling nonplussed.

268. Notorious (adjective) /nəʊˈtɔːrɪəs/

Definition: Famous or well-known, typically for some bad quality or deed.
From the Latin word “notorius” (meaning “well-known”).
Example Sentence: The notorious criminal had committed a string of robberies across the
city.
269. Novice (noun) /ˈnɒvɪs/
Definition: A person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation.
From the Latin word “novus” (meaning “new”).
Example Sentence: As a novice in the kitchen, she burned the dinner she was trying to
make.
270. Nurturing (adjective) /ˈnəːtʃərɪŋ/

50
 Definition: Caring for and encouraging the growth or development of someone or
something.
From the verb “nurture” (meaning “to care for”).
Example Sentence: The nurturing environment of the school helped the students thrive.
271. Niche (noun) /niːʃ/
Definition: A comfortable or suitable position in life or employment; a specialized
market.
From the French word “niche” (meaning “recess” or “shelter”).
Example Sentence: The small business found its niche in the local market.
272. Nihilism (noun) /ˈnaɪ(h)ɪlɪz(ə)m/
Definition: The rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life
is meaningless.
From the Latin word “nihil” (meaning “nothing”).
Example Sentence: The philosopher’s writings were often characterized by nihilism.
273. Nomenclature (noun) /nə(ʊ)ˈmɛŋklətjʊə/
Definition: The devising or choosing of names for things, especially in a science or other
discipline.
From the Latin words “nomen” (meaning “name”) and “clatura” (meaning “calling”).
Example Sentence: The nomenclature of chemical compounds can be difficult to
understand.

274. Nonplussed (adjective) /nɒnˈplʌst/

Definition: Surprised and confused so much that one is unsure how to react.
From the Latin words “non” (meaning “not”) and “plus” (meaning “more”).
Example Sentence: The unexpected news left her feeling nonplussed.
275. Novice (noun) /ˈnɒvɪs/
Definition: A person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation.
From the Latin word “novus” (meaning “new”).
Example Sentence: As a novice in the kitchen, she burned the dinner she was trying to
make.

51
 275. Numinous (adjective) /ˈnjuːmɪnəs/
Definition: Having a strong religious or spiritual quality; mysterious and awe-inspiring.
From the Latin word “numen” (meaning “divine will or power”).
Example Sentence: The ancient temple had a numinous atmosphere that left visitors
feeling reverent and humbled.
276. Nescience (noun) /ˈnɛsɪəns/
Definition: Lack of knowledge or awareness; ignorance.
From the Latin word “nescius” (meaning “ignorant”).
Example Sentence: The professor was surprised by the nescience of the students in his
advanced class.
277. Niveous (adjective) /ˈnɪvɪəs/
Definition: Resembling or relating to snow; snowy or white.
From the Latin word “nix” (meaning “snow”).
Example Sentence: The niveous landscape was breathtakingly beautiful, with snow-
covered trees and hills as far as the eye could see.
278. Nocuous (adjective) /ˈnɒkjʊəs/
Definition: Harmful or toxic; causing harm or injury.
From the Latin word “nocuus” (meaning “hurtful”).
Example Sentence: The nocuous chemicals in the factory’s waste water were polluting the
river and endangering wildlife.

279. Nomenclature (noun) /nəʊˈmɛŋklətjʊə/

Definition: The devising or choosing of names for things, especially in a science or other
discipline.
From the Latin words “nomen” (meaning “name”) and “clatura” (meaning “calling”).
Example Sentence: The nomenclature of chemical compounds can be difficult to
understand for those without a background in chemistry.
280. Nocturnal (adjective) /nɒkˈtəːn(ə)l/
Definition: Relating to or occurring during the night; active or functioning at night.

52
 From the Latin word “nocturnus” (meaning “of the night”).
Example Sentence: Owls are nocturnal birds, hunting for prey under the cover of darkness
when their sharp eyesight gives them an advantage over their prey.
281. Obfuscate (verb) /ˈɒbfʌskeɪt/
Definition: To make something unclear or confusing; to obscure or darken.
From the Latin word “obfuscatus” (meaning “darkened” or “obscured”).
Example Sentence: The politician’s speech was deliberately obfuscated in order to avoid
answering the reporter’s question.
282. Oblique (adjective) /əˈbliːk/
Definition: Slanting or sloping; indirect or not straightforward.
From the Latin word “obliquus” (meaning “slanting” or “sideways”).
Example Sentence: The artist used oblique lines and angles to create a sense of movement
and dynamism in his painting.
283. Obliterate (verb) /əˈblɪtəreɪt/
Definition: To destroy completely; to wipe out or erase.
From the Latin word “obliterare” (meaning “to erase” or “to blot out”).
Example Sentence: The bomb blast obliterated the entire building, leaving nothing but
rubble and dust.
284. Obscure (adjective) /əbˈskjʊə/
Definition: Not well-known or easily understood; vague or uncertain.
From the Latin word “obscurus” (meaning “dark” or “obscure”).
Example Sentence: The author’s writing style was deliberately obscure, leaving many
readers confused and frustrated.

285. Obsequious (adjective) /əbˈsiːkwɪəs/

Definition: Overly eager to please or obey; fawning or servile.
From the Latin word “obsequiosus” (meaning “compliant” or “submissive”).
Example Sentence: The waiter was so obsequious that he seemed more like a servant than
a server.
286. Obtuse (adjective) /əbˈtjuːs/

53
 Definition: Slow to understand or perceive; dull or insensitive.
From the Latin word “obtusus” (meaning “blunt” or “dull”).
Example Sentence: The student was frustrated by his teacher’s obtuse explanations,
which only made the subject more confusing.
287. Occult (adjective) /əˈkʌlt/
Definition: Secret or hidden from view; mysterious or supernatural.
From the Latin word “occultus” (meaning “hidden” or “concealed”).
Example Sentence: The cult claimed to possess occult knowledge and powers that were
beyond the understanding of ordinary people.
288. Odious (adjective) /ˈəʊdɪəs/
Definition: Extremely unpleasant or repulsive; deserving of hatred or disgust.
From the Latin word “odiosus” (meaning “hateful” or “offensive”).
Example Sentence: The dictator’s odious regime was responsible for countless human
rights abuses and atrocities.
289. Officious (adjective) /əˈfɪʃəs/
Definition: Overly eager to offer unwanted help or advice; meddlesome or intrusive.
From the Latin word “officiosus” (meaning “dutiful” or “obliging”).
Example Sentence: The officious neighbor was always interfering in other people’s
business, even when it was not welcome.
290. Onerous (adjective) /ˈɒnərəs/
Definition: Burdensome or oppressive; requiring great effort or difficulty.
From the Latin word “onerosus” (meaning “heavy” or “burdensome”).
Example Sentence: The new job came with onerous responsibilities and long working
hours, which left little time for anything else.

291. Opulent (adjective) /ˈɒpjʊlənt/

Definition: Rich or luxurious; exhibiting great wealth or abundance.
From the Latin word “opulentus” (meaning “wealthy” or “abundant”).
Example Sentence: The opulent mansion was filled with expensive furnishings and
artwork, demonstrating the owner’s vast wealth.

54
 292. Orthodox (adjective) /ˈɔːθədɒks/
Definition: Conforming to established or traditional beliefs or practices; conservative or
conventional.
From the Greek word “orthodoxos” (meaning “having the right opinion”).
Example Sentence: The orthodox interpretation of the religious text had been passed
down for generations, and was considered the only valid one.
293. Ossify (verb) /ˈɒsɪfʌɪ/
Definition: To become rigid or inflexible; to harden or turn into bone.
From the Latin word “ossificare” (meaning “to make into bone”).
Example Sentence: The scar tissue had ossified, making it difficult for the patient to move
his arm.
294. Ostentatious (adjective) /ˌɒstɛnˈteɪʃəs/
Definition: Intended to attract attention or display wealth; showy or flamboyant.
From the Latin word “ostentare” (meaning “to display” or “to show off”).
Example Sentence: The celebrity’s ostentatious lifestyle, with its fancy cars and designer
clothes, was a source of envy for many people.
295. Ostracize (verb) /ˈɒstrəsʌɪz/
Definition: To exclude or banish someone from a group or society; to shun or reject.
From the Greek word “ostrakizein” (meaning “to banish by voting with potsherds”).
Example Sentence: The unpopular student was ostracized by his classmates, who refused
to talk to him
296. Opaque (adjective) /əʊˈpeɪk/
Definition: Not transparent or translucent; not allowing light to pass through.
From the Latin word “opacus” (meaning “shaded” or “dark”).
Example Sentence: The windows in the old house were so opaque that it was difficult to
see inside.

297 . Obnubilate (verb) /əbˈnjuːbɪleɪt/

Definition: To make something unclear or obscure; to cloud or darken.
From the Latin word “obnubilare” (meaning “to cover with a cloud”).

55
 Example Sentence: The fog obnubilated the view of the mountains in the distance.
298. Oratorical (adjective) /ˌɒrəˈtɒrɪk(ə)l/
Definition: Relating to or characteristic of public speaking; eloquent or rhetorical.
From the Latin word “orator” (meaning “speaker” or “pleader”).
Example Sentence: The politician’s oratorical skills allowed him to sway the audience
with his powerful speeches.
299. Oscillate (verb) /ˈɒsɪleɪt/
Definition: To move back and forth in a regular rhythm; to fluctuate or vary.
From the Latin word “oscillare” (meaning “to swing”).
Example Sentence: The pendulum on the clock oscillated back and forth with each
passing second.
300. Obsecrate (verb) /ˈɒbsɪkreɪt/
Definition: To beseech or implore someone earnestly; to pray or entreat.
From the Latin word “obsecrare” (meaning “to beseech”).
Example Sentence: The priest obsecrated the congregation to pray for peace and unity in
the world.
301. Pachyderm (noun) / ˈpa-ki-ˌdərm /
Definition﹕Any of various nonruminant mammals (such as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or
a hippopotamus) of a former group (Pachydermata) that have hooves or nails resembling
Hooves and usually thick skin.
From middle 19th century: from French pachyderme, from Greek pakhudermos,
From pakhus ‘thick’ + derma ‘skin’.
Example Sentence﹕The pachyderm began walking backward, keeping its gaze on the
Vehicle.

302. Paean (noun) /ˈpē-ən /

Definition﹕A joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph.
From Latin, hymn of thanksgiving especially addressed to Apollo, from

56
 Greek paian, paiōn, from Paian, Paiōn, epithet of Apollo in the hymn.
Example Sentence﹕His retirement party featured many paeans for his long years
Of service to the company.
303. Pagan (noun) /ˈpā-gən/
Definition﹕A person who practices a contemporary form of paganism (such as
Wicca).
From Middle English, from Late Latin paganus, from Latin, civilian, country dweller,
from
Pagus country district; akin to Latin pangere to fix — more at PACT.
Example Sentence﹕The temple was built by pagans in the 4th century as a place to
worship their idols.
304. Palanquin (noun) /pa-lən-ˈkēn/
Definition﹕ A conveyance formerly used especially in eastern Asia usually for one
person that consists of an enclosed litter borne on the shoulders of men by means of
poles.
From Portuguese palanquim, from Malay or Javanese pelangki, of Indo-Aryan origin;
akin to Bengali pālaṅka bed.
Example Sentence﹕Several men, bearing a palanquin on their shoulders, were slowly
ascending the piazza.
305. Palate (noun) /ˈpa-lət /
Definition﹕The roof of the mouth separating the mouth from the nasal cavity.
From Middle English, from Latin palatum.
Example Sentence﹕She’s been working hard on a menu that will please the palates of all
her guests.

306. Pamper (verb) /ˈpam-pər/

Definition﹕To treat with extreme or excessive care and attention.
From Middle English, probably of Dutch origin; akin to Dutch dialect pamperen to
pamper.
Example Sentence﹕He was pampered all his life and doesn’t know how to function in
the real world.

57
 307. Pamphlet (noun) /ˈpam(p)-flət/
Definition﹕An unbound printed publication with no cover or with a paper cover.
From Middle English pamflet unbound booklet, from Pamphilus seu De Amore
Pamphilus or on pove, popular Latin love poem of the 12th century.
Example Sentence﹕Pamphlets about common safety precautions that we all can put into
use.
308. Pandemic (adjective) /pan-ˈde-mik /
Definition﹕Occurring over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or
Continents) and typically affecting a significant proportion of the population.
From Greek pándēmos “of all the people, public, common, (of diseases) widespread
(in GALEN)” (from pan- PAN- + -dēmos, adjective derivative of dêmos “district,
Country, people”) + -IC entry 1 — more at DEMO-.
Example Sentence﹕Topline Pfizer shares tumbled again Monday, continuing the
pharmaceutical giant’s struggles tied to declining demand for its Covid-19 products and
essentially wiping out the entirety of the firm’s peak pandemic gains.
309. Penance (noun) /ˈpe-nən(t)s /
Definition﹕An act of self-abasement, mortification (see MORTIFICATION sense 3), or
Devotion performed to show sorrow or repentance for sin.
From Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin poenitentia penitence.
Example Sentence﹕He did charitable work as a penance.

310. Perjure (verb) /ˈpər-jər /

Definition﹕To make a perjurer of (oneself).
From Anglo-French parjurer, perjurer, from Latin perjurare, from per- detrimentally,
For the worse + jurare to swear — more at PER-, JURY.
Example Sentence﹕He understood now why the wretched diplomat could be
Persuaded to perjure himself.
311. Perspicuous (adjective) / pər-ˈspi-kyə-wəs /
Definition﹕Plain to the understanding especially because of clarity and precision of

58
 presentation.
From Latin perspicuus transparent, perspicuous, from perspicere.
Example Sentence﹕Believing that poetry need not be as perspicuous as prose, he
Writes poems that are intentionally ambiguous.
312. Phase (noun) /ˈfāz /
Definition﹕A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes.
From New Latin phasis, from Greek, appearance of a star, phase of the moon, from
phainein to show (middle voice, to appear) — more at FANCY.
Example Sentence﹕The building project marks a new phase in the town’s development.
313. Pinnacle (noun) /ˈpi-ni-kəl /
Definition﹕An upright architectural member generally ending in a small spire and
Used especially in Gothic construction to give weight especially to a buttress.
From Middle English pinacle, from Anglo-French, from Late Latin pinnaculum small
Wing, gable, from Latin pinna wing, battlement.
Example Sentence﹕A singer who has reached the pinnacle of success.
314. Pirouette (noun) /ˌpir-ə-ˈwet /
Definition﹕A rapid whirlingon toes in dancing.
From French, literally, teetotum.
Example Sentence﹕The ballerina’s perfectly executed pirouette.

315. Platform (noun) /ˈplat-ˌfȯrm /

Definition﹕A raised level surface for passengers at a railway station.
From Middle French plate-forme diagram, map, literally, flat form.
Example Sentence﹕The company plans to use the show as a platform to launch the
new soft drink.
316. Prevaricate (verb) / pri-ˈver-ə-ˌkāt /
Definition﹕To deviate from the truth.
From Latin praevaricatus, past participle of praevaricari to act in collusion, literally, to
Straddle, from prae- + varicare to straddle, from varus bowlegged.

59
 Example Sentence﹕Government officials prevaricated about the real costs of the
Project.
317. Propel (verb) /prə-ˈpel /
Definition﹕To drive forward or onward by or as if by means of a force that imparts
motion.
From Middle English propellen “to drive away, expel,” borrowed from Latin
Prōpellere “to push or thrust forward, compel to go onward,” from prō- “before, in
Front” + pellere “to beat against, push, strike, rouse, expel” — more at PRO- entry 2,
PULSE entry 1.
Example Sentence﹕He grabbed him and propelled him through the door.
318. Propensity (noun) /prə-ˈpen(t)-sə-tē/
Definition﹕An often intense natural inclination or preference.
Borrowed from New Latin prōpensitāt-, prōpensitās, from Latin prōpensus “weighted
Down, inclined, having a disposition or tendency” + -itāt-, -itās -ITY — more at
PROPENSE.
Example Sentence﹕On the other hand, a jury might be convinced that a meth
Dealer who had brazenly fired a pistol through his door had a propensity for
violence.
319. Psychosis (noun) /sī-ˈkō-səs/
Definition﹕A serious mental illness (such as schizophrenia) characterized by
Defective or lost contact with reality often with hallucinations or delusions.
From New Latin.
Example Sentence﹕The patient suffers from some kind of psychosis.
320. Pursue (verb) / pər-ˈsü /
Definition﹕To follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, or defeat.
From Middle English, from Anglo-French pursure, pursiure, from Latin prosequi, from
pro- forward + sequi to follow — more at PRO-, SUE.
Example Sentence﹕The monster truck pursued him at insane speeds, through phone
booths and gas pumps and even over cliffs, but he never knew why.
321. Quadraphonic (adjective) /ˌkwä-drə-ˈfä-nik/
Definition﹕Of, relating to, or using four channels for the transmission, recording, or
reproduction of sound.
From irregular from quadri- + -phonic (as in stereophonic).

60
 Example Sentence﹕Gas-electric technology will become as irrelevant as
quadraphonic sound.
322. Quadriplegic (noun) /ˌkwä-drə-ˈplē-jik /
Definition﹕One affected with partial or complete paralysis of both the arms and legs
Especially as a result of spinal cord injury or disease in the region of the neck.
From quadriplegia, from New Latin.
Example Sentence﹕ In the accident, he damaged his spine leaving him with
quadriplegia.
323. Quaich (noun) /ˈkwāḵ/
Definition﹕A small shallow drinking vessel with ears for use as handles.
From Scottish Gaelic cuach.
Example Sentence﹕The party will have a Scottish theme: bagpipe players and
quaich cups.

324. Quake (noun) /ˈkwāk/

Definition﹕To shake or vibrate usually from shock or instability.
From Middle English, from Old English cwacian.
Example Sentence﹕The explosion made the whole house quake.
325.Quail (noun) /ˈkwāl/
Definition﹕Any of numerous small gallinaceous birds.
From Middle English quaile, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin quaccula, of
imitative origin.
Example Sentence﹕We had quail for dinner.
326. Quango (noun) /ˈkwaŋ-ˌgō/
Definition﹕An official body, funded and appointed by government, that supervises some
national activity etc.
From quasi-nongovernmental organization.
Example Sentence﹕The expensive new quango will cop all the blame.
327. Quarantine (noun) /ˈkwȯr-ən-ˌtēn /
Definition﹕The isolation of people or animals who might be carrying an infectious
disease.
From partly modification of French quarantaine, from Old French, from quarante

61
 Forty, from Latin quadraginta, from quadra- (akin to quattuor four) + -ginta (akin to
Viginti twenty); partly modification of Italian quarantena quarantine of a ship, from
Quaranta forty, from Latin quadraginta — more at FOUR, VIGESIMAL.
Example Sentence﹕The infected people were put into quarantine.
328. Querulous (adjective) /ˈkwer-yə-ləs/
Definition﹕Habitually complaining.
From Middle English querelose, from Latin querulus, from queri to complain.
Example Sentence﹕Car trips that were frequently spoiled by a couple of querulous
passengers in the back.

329. Quibble (noun) /ˈkwi-bəl/

Definition﹕An evasion of or shift from the point.
From probably diminutive of obsolete quib quibble.
Example Sentence﹕Our only quibble about the trip was that it rained a lot.
330. Quincunx (noun) /ˈkwin-ˌkəŋ(k)s/
Definition﹕An arrangement of five things in a square or rectangle with one at each
corner and one in the middle.
From Latin quincunc-, quincunx, literally, five twelfths, from quinque five + uncia
Twelfth part — more at FIVE, OUNCE.
Example Sentence﹕Toward the tower, Criere stood the orchard full of all fruit-trees,
set and ranged in a quincunx.
331. Quinquennial (adjective) /kwin-ˈkwe-nē-əl/
Definition﹕Consisting of or lasting for five years.
From 15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1.
Example Sentence﹕Few have stood the test of one quinquennial period, and not one
has been retained in its original form.
332. Quintessence (noun) /kwin-ˈte-sᵊn(t)s/
Definition﹕The fifth and highest element in ancient and medieval philosophy that
Permeates all nature and is the substance composing the celestial bodies.
From Middle English, from Middle French quinte essence, from Medieval Latin quinta
essentia, literally, fifth essence.

62
 Example Sentence﹕A selfless desire to help others is the quintessence of the virtue of
charity.
333. Quintet (noun) /kwin-ˈtet /
Definition﹕A musical composition or movement for five instruments or voices.
From quintet from Italian quintetto, from quinto fifth, from Latin quintus; quintette
From French, from Italian quintetto.
Example Sentence﹕The pieces were scored for his quintet of violin (viola), piano,
electric guitar, double bass and bandonen.
334. Quirt (noun) /ˈkwərt /
Definition﹕A riding whip with a short handle and a rawhide lash.
From Mexican Spanish cuarta.
Example Sentence﹕The girl was trembling with anger, or apprehension, and tapped
her boot nervously with her quirt as she spoke.
335. Quisling (noun) /ˈkwiz-liŋ/
Definition Someone who collaborates with an enemy, esp a puppet ruler.
From Vidkun Quisling †1945 Norwegian politician who collaborated with the Nazis.
Example Sentence Warned that all quislings would be punished without mercy.
336. Quiver (verb) /ˈkwi-və-riŋ/
Definition﹕To shake or move with a slight trembling motion.
From Middle English, probably from quiver agile, quick; akin to Old English cwiferlice
zealously.
Example Sentence﹕Her lips quivered when she heard the bad news.
337. Quixotic (adjective) /kwik-ˈsä-tik /
Definition﹕Foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals.
From Don Quixote.
Example Sentence﹕He has always lived his life by a hopelessly quixotic code of
honour..
338. Quorum (noun) /ˈkwȯr-əm/
Definition﹕The minimum number of officers or members of a body that is required
To be present at a given meeting (as to transact business).
From Middle English, quorum of justices of the peace, from Latin, of whom, genitive
plural of
Qui who; from the wording of the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace.

63
 Example Sentence﹕We need five people to make a quorum.

339. Quota (noun) /ˈkwō-tə/

Definition﹕A proportional part or share.
From Medieval Latin, from Latin quota pars how great a part.
Example Sentence﹕He lost his driver’s license because he exceeded the quota of
traffic violations.
340. Quotient (noun) /ˈkwō-shənt/
Definition﹕The number resulting from the division of one number by another.
From Middle English quocient, modification of Latin quotiens how many times, from
quot how many.
Example Sentence﹕The island has a high quotient of new age therapists.
341. Raccoon (noun) /ra-ˈkün/
Definition﹕A small nocturnal carnivore (Procyon lotor) of North America that is
Chiefly gray, has a black mask and bushy ringed tail, lives chiefly in trees, and has a
varied diet including small animals, fruits, and nuts.
From Virginia Algonquian raugroughcun, arocoun.
Example Sentence﹕Raccoon dogs look like raccoons but are actually wild members
of the canid family, like foxes and wolves.
342. Raconteur (noun) /ˌra-ˌkän-ˈtər /
Definition﹕A person who excels in telling anecdotes.
From French, from Middle French, from raconter to tell, from Old French, from re- +
aconter,
Acompter to tell, count — more at ACCOUNT.
Example Sentence﹕He was the most wonderful raconteur and he could make a good
Anecdote last 20 minutes.
343. Raglan (noun) /ˈra-glən /
Definition﹕A loose overcoat with raglan sleeves.
From F. J. H. Somerset, Baron Raglan †1855 British field marshal.
Example Sentence﹕You thought of buying a shawl; but a thousand considerations in

64
 the shape of raglans, cloaks, talmas, pea-jackets, induce you to modify your views.
344. Range (noun) /ˈrānj /
Definition﹕A series of things in a line .
From Middle English, row of persons, from Anglo-French range, renge, from renger to
range.
Example Sentence﹕The chatbot is able to generate seemingly coherent texts on a wide
range of topics while it has on occasion been shown to entirely make things up.
345. Ransack (verb) /ˈran-ˌsak /
Definition﹕To look through thoroughly in often a rough way.
From Middle English ransaken, from Old Norse rannsaka, from rann house + -saka (akin
to Old English sēcan to seek) — more at SEEK.
Example Sentence﹕Robbers ransacked the apartment looking for money.
346. Reimburse (verb) /ˌrē-əm-ˈbərs/
Definition﹕To pay back to someone.
From re- + obsolete English imburse to put in the pocket, pay, from Medieval Latin
imbursare,
From Latin in- in- + Medieval Latin bursa purse — more at PURSE.
Example Sentence﹕Make sure you keep your receipts so we can reimburse you for
your expenses.
347. Repetiteur (noun) /rāˌpātəˈtər(‧)/
Definition﹕A coach for opera siners.
From French répétiteur singing coach, tutor, from Latin repetitus (past participle of
repetere to repeat) + French -eur –or.
Example Sentence﹕As répétiteur, she has staged the works of Ailey and Taylor.
348. Reprobate (verb) /ˈre-prə-ˌbāt /
Definition﹕To condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil .
From Middle English, from Late Latin reprobatus, past participle of reprobare — more at
REPROVE.
Example Sentence﹕The board will most likely reprobate the request for parole.

349. Requite (verb) /ri-ˈkwīt/

Definition﹕Repay, give back in return.

65
 From re- + obsolete quite to quit, pay, from Middle English quiten — more at QUIT
entry 1.
Example Sentence﹕The future writer would later requite the abuse he suffered at the
Hands of his classmates by creating scathing portraits of them in his novels.
350. Rescind (verb) /ri-ˈsind /
Definition﹕To take away.
From borrowed from Middle French & Latin; Middle French rescinder “to reduce, cut,
cancel, break (a contract),” borrowed from Latin rescindere “to remove or lay bare by
hewing and cutting, cut or tear open, cancel, annul,” from re- RE- + scindere “to split,
cleave, separate” — more at SHED entry 1.
Example Sentence﹕The navy rescinded its ban on women sailors.
351. Reverberate (verb) /ri-ˈvər-bə-ˌrāt/
Definition﹕To echo and re-echo, resound.
From Latin reverberatus, past participle of reverberare, from re- + verberare to lash, from
verber rod — more at VERVAIN.
Example Sentence﹕The sound of thunder reverberated from one end of the mountain
pass to the other.
352. Revere (verb) / ri-ˈvir /
Definition﹕To show devoted deferential honor to : regard as worthy of great honor.
From borrowed from Middle French & Latin; Middle French reverer, borrowed from
Latin reverērī “to stand in awe of, treat with deference,” from re- RE- + verērī “to show
reverence for, fear” — More at WARE entry 2.
Example Sentence﹕In some cultures people revere their ancestors, even leaving food
offerings for them.

353. Rhapsody (noun) /ˈrap-sə-dē/

Definition﹕A portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation.
From Latin rhapsodia, from Greek rhapsōidia recitation of selections from epic poetry,
rhapsody,

66
 From rhapsōidos rhapsodist, from rhaptein to sew, stitch together + aidein to sing — more
at ODE.
Example Sentence﹕The mayor launched into a long rhapsody about his plans for the
city.
354. Rhetoric (noun) /ˈre-tə-rik/
Definition﹕The art of speaking or writing effectively.
From Middle English rethorik, from Anglo-French rethorique, from Latin rhetorica, from
Greek
Rhētorikē, literally, art of oratory, from feminine of rhētorikos of an orator, from rhētōr
orator,
Rhetorician, from eirein to say, speak — more at WORD.
Example Sentence﹕
355. Rapacious (adjective) /rəˈpeɪʃəs/
Definition: Aggressively greedy or grasping; excessively eager for wealth or possessions.
From the Latin word “rapax,” meaning “greedy” or “ravenous.”
Example Sentence: The rapacious businessman was willing to do anything to increase his
profits, even if it meant exploiting his employees or breaking the law.
356. Rhinoceros (noun) /rī-ˈnäs-rəs /
Definition﹕Any of a family (Rhinocerotidae) of large heavyset herbivorous
perissodactyl mammals of Africa and Asia that have one or two upright keratinous horns
on the snout and thick gray to brown skin with little hair.
From Middle English rinoceros, from Anglo-French, from Latin rhinocerot-, rhinoceros,
from Greek rhinokerōt-, rhinokerōs, from rhin- + keras horn — more at HORN.
Example Sentence﹕We’re protecting the Indian rhinoceros.

357. Rheumatism (noun) /ˈrü-mə-ˌti-zəm /

Definition﹕Any of various conditions characterized by inflammation or pain in muscles,
joints, or fibrous tissue.
From Latin rheumatismus flux, rheum, from Greek rheumatismos, from rheumatizesthai
to suffer from a flux, from rheumat-, rheuma flux.
Example Sentence﹕As his rheumatism had become more severe, it was necessary for
him to give up his positions of responsibility.

67
 358. Rhododendron (noun) /ˌrō-də-ˈden-drən/
Definition﹕Any of a genus (Rhododendron) of widely cultivated shrubs and trees of the
heath family with alternate leaves and showy flowers.
From borrowed from New Latin (LINNAEUS), going back to Latin, “oleander, a plant of
the Black Sea region described by Pliny whose honey is toxic (probably Rhododendron
ponticum),” borrowed from Greek rhodódendron, from rhodo- RHODO- + déndron
“tree” — more at DENDRO.
Example Sentence﹕Some rhododendrons do not recover from severe pruning.
359.Righteous (adjective) /kwik-ˈsä-tik /
Definition﹕Acting in accord with divine or moral law.
From alteration of earlier rightuous, alteration of Middle English rightwise, rightwos,
from Old
English rihtwīs, from riht, noun, right + wīs wise.
Example Sentence﹕There was not only a wave of emotion, but a surge of righteous
indignation.
360. Rumple (verb) /ˈrəm-p(ə-)liŋ/
Definition﹕To make unkempt.
From Dutch rompelen; akin to Old High German rimpfan to wrinkle.
Example Sentence﹕He rumpled her hair affectionately.
361. Sagacious (adjective) /səˈɡeɪʃəs/
Definition: Having or showing good judgment; wise or shrewd.
From the Latin word “sagax,” meaning “keen-scented” or “perceptive.”
Example Sentence: The sagacious detective was able to solve the case quickly by noticing
small details that others had overlooked.

362. Salubrious (adjective) /səˈluːbrɪəs/

Definition: Promoting health or well-being; healthy.
From the Latin word “salubris,” meaning “healthful.”
Example Sentence: The fresh air and exercise provided by the hiking trail made for a
salubrious outing.
363. Sanguine (adjective) /ˈsaŋɡwɪn/
Definition: Optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.
From the Latin word “sanguis,” meaning “blood” (referring to the belief that a person’s
temperament was determined by the balance of their bodily fluids).

68
 Example Sentence: Despite the setbacks, the sanguine entrepreneur remained confident
that her business would succeed.
364. Sardonic (adjective) /sɑːˈdɒnɪk/
Definition: Grimly mocking or cynical.
From the Greek word “sardonios,” meaning “bitter or scornful laughter.”
Example Sentence: The comedian’s sardonic humor was not to everyone’s taste, but it had
a devoted following.
365. Scintillating (adjective) /ˈsɪntɪleɪtɪŋ/
Definition: Sparkling or shining brightly; brilliantly and excitingly clever or skillful.
From the Latin word “scintilla,” meaning “spark.”
Example Sentence: The scintillating fireworks display lit up the night sky with bursts of
color and light.
366. Serendipity (noun) /ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪti/
Definition: The occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial
way.
From the Persian fairy tale “The Three Princes of Serendip,” in which the heroes make
discoveries by accident and sagacity.
Example Sentence: The couple’s meeting was a result of serendipity, as they had both
decided to take a spontaneous trip to the same location.
367. Sibilant (adjective) /ˈsɪbɪlənt/
Definition: Making or characterized by a hissing sound.
From the Latin word “sibilare,” meaning “to hiss.”
Example Sentence: The sibilant sound of the snake’s warning rattle made the hikers
freeze in fear.

368. Solipsistic (adjective) /ˌsɒlɪpˈsɪstɪk/

Definition: Viewing everything in relation to oneself and regarding oneself as the only
reality.
From the Latin words “solus” (meaning “alone”) and “ipse” (meaning “self”).
Example Sentence: The philosopher’s solipsistic beliefs led him to question the existence
of anything outside of his own mind.
369. Sophistry (noun) /ˈsɒfɪstri/
Definition: The use of clever but false arguments, especially with the intention of
deceiving.
69
 From the Greek word “sophistes,” meaning “wise man” or “teacher of wisdom.”
Example Sentence: The politician’s argument was full of sophistry, using misleading
statistics to support his position.
370. Supercilious (adjective) /ˌsuːpəˈsɪlɪəs/
Definition: Behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others.
From the Latin word “super” (meaning “above”) and “cilium” (meaning “eyebrow,” as
the expression of superiority often involves raising one’s eyebrows).
Example Sentence: The supercilious attitude of the wealthy socialite made her unpopular
among those who found her arrogance off-putting.
371 . Soporific (adjective) /ˌsɒpəˈrɪfɪk/
Definition: Tending to induce drowsiness or sleep.
From the Latin word “sopor,” meaning “deep sleep.”
Example Sentence: The professor’s monotone voice made the lecture hall feel soporific,
and many of the students struggled to stay awake.
372 . Sublime (adjective) /səˈblaɪm/
Definition: Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.
From the Latin word “sublimis,” meaning “lofty” or “elevated.”
Example Sentence: The view from the mountaintop was sublime, with the sun setting
over the horizon and casting a warm glow over the landscape.
373 . Sycophant (noun) /ˈsɪkəfənt/
Definition: A person who acts obsequiously toward someone important in order to gain
advantage.
From the Greek word “sukophantes,” meaning “informer” or “false accuser.”
Example Sentence: The CEO was surrounded by sycophants who would do anything to
curry favor with him, even if it meant sacrificing their own integrity.

374 . Synecdoche (noun) /sɪˈnɛkdəki/

Definition: A figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice
versa.
From the Greek words “synekdoche,” meaning “simultaneous understanding.”
Example Sentence: The phrase “all hands on deck” is an example of synecdoche, as the
word “hands” refers to the entire crew.
375 . Sanguinary (adjective) /ˈsæŋɡwɪnəri/
Definition: Involving or causing much bloodshed.

70
 From the Latin word “sanguinarius,” meaning “bloody.”
Example Sentence: The sanguinary battle left many soldiers wounded or dead, and the
ground was soaked with blood.
376 . Sacrosanct (adjective) /ˌsækrəʊˈsæŋkt/
Definition: Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with.
From the Latin words “sacer” (meaning “sacred”) and “sanctus” (meaning “holy”).
Example Sentence: The traditions of the royal family were considered sacrosanct, and any
deviation from them was met with disapproval.
377 . Solecism (noun) /ˈsɒlɪsɪzəm/
Definition: A grammatical mistake or error in speech or behavior.
From the Greek word “solekismos,” meaning “a mistake in speaking.”
Example Sentence: The politician’s frequent solecisms made him the target of ridicule
and criticism from the media, who questioned his fitness for office.
378. Sanguine (adjective) /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/
Definition: Optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.
From the Latin word “sanguis,” meaning “blood,” as it was believed that a person’s
temperament was influenced by the balance of their bodily fluids, including blood.
Example Sentence: Despite the setbacks and challenges, the team remained sanguine
about their chances of success, believing that their hard work and determination would
pay off in the end.
379. Syllogism (noun) /ˈsɪlədʒɪzəm/
Definition: A deductive scheme of a formal argument consisting of a major and a minor
premise and a conclusion.
From the Greek word “syllogismos,” meaning “conclusion” or “inference.”
Example Sentence: The philosopher’s syllogism was based on the premises that all men
are mortal and that Socrates is a man, leading to the conclusion that Socrates is mortal.

380. Soliloquy (noun) /səˈlɪləkwi/

Definition: An act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any
hearers, especially by a character in a play.
From the Latin words “solus” (meaning “alone”) and “loqui” (meaning “to speak”).
Example Sentence: The actor’s soliloquy in the final act of the play revealed his
character’s innermost thoughts and feelings, providing insight into his motivations and
desires.
381. Tenebrous (adjective) /ˈtɛnəbrəs/

71
 Definition: dark, gloomy, obscure
From Latin “tenebrae” meaning “darkness”
Example Sentence: The tenebrous atmosphere of the abandoned house made me feel
uneasy.
382. Tintinnabulation (noun) /ˌtɪntɪnəˈbjʊleɪʃ(ə)n/
Definition: the ringing or sound of bells
From Latin “tintinnabulum” meaning “bell”
Example Sentence: The tintinnabulation of the church bells filled the air on Christmas
morning.
383. Tergiversate (verb) /ˌtəˈdʒɪvəseɪt/
Definition: to change sides or opinions, to equivocate
From Latin “tergum” meaning “back” and “vertere” meaning “to turn”
Example Sentence: The politician’s tendency to tergiversate made it difficult to trust his
promises.
384. Turophile (noun) /ˈtjʊərəfʌɪl/
Definition: a lover or connoisseur of cheese
From Greek “tyros” meaning “cheese” and “philein” meaning “to love”
Example Sentence: As a turophile, she always had a variety of cheeses in her fridge.
385. Thalassic (adjective) /θəˈlasɪk/
Definition: relating to the sea, oceanic
From Greek “thalassa” meaning “sea”
Example Sentence: The thalassic environment of the aquarium made me feel like I was
underwater.
386. Tmesis (noun) /təˈmiːsɪs/
Definition: the separation of parts of a compound word for humorous or emphatic effect
From Greek “temnein” meaning “to cut”
Example Sentence: The comedian used tmesis to create a funny and memorable
catchphrase.
387. Tintype (noun) /ˈtɪntʌɪp/
Definition: an old-fashioned photograph developed on a thin metal plate
From “tint” meaning “a slight coloration” and “type” meaning “a picture or image”
Example Sentence: The tintype of my great-grandparents was a precious family heirloom.
388. Turophobia (noun) /tjʊəˈrəʊfəbɪə/
Definition: fear of cheese

72
 From Greek “tyros” meaning “cheese” and “phobos” meaning “fear”
Example Sentence: Her turophobia made it difficult for her to enjoy many types of
cuisine.
389. Tatterdemalion (noun) /ˌtatədəˈmeɪljən/
Definition: ragged, shabby, or unkempt in appearance
From Middle English “tatter” meaning “rag” and “demaund” meaning “beggar”
Example Sentence: The tatterdemalion man on the street corner begged for spare change.
390. Thaumaturgy (noun) /ˌθɔːməˈtɜːdʒi/
Definition: the art of performing miracles or magic tricks
From Greek “thauma” meaning “miracle” and “ergein” meaning “to work”
Example Sentence: The illusionist’s thaumaturgy left the audience in awe.
Sure, here are 5 rare T words with their definitions and example sentences:
391. Tatterdemalion (noun) /ˌtætərdɪˈmeɪljən/
Definition: A person dressed in ragged clothing; a shabby or disreputable person.
From Middle English “tatter” meaning “a rag” and “demalion” meaning “a beggar”.
Example Sentence: The tatterdemalion begged for spare change on the street corner.
392. Thalassic (adjective) /θəˈlæsɪk/
Definition: Relating to the sea; living in or growing in the sea.
From Greek “thalassa” meaning “sea”.
Example Sentence: The thalassic environment of the coral reef supports a diverse range of
marine life.
393. Tmesis (noun) /təˈmiːsɪs/
Definition: The separation of parts of a compound word for humorous or emphatic effect.
From Greek “temnein” meaning “to cut”.
Example Sentence: The comedian used tmesis to create a funny and memorable
catchphrase.

394. Tergiversate (verb) /ˈtɜːdʒɪvəseɪt/

Definition: To change one’s attitude or opinions; to be evasive or ambiguous.
From Latin “tergum” meaning “back” and “vertere” meaning “to turn”.
Example Sentence: The politician tried to tergiversate when confronted with his past
statements.

73
 395. Tintype (noun) /ˈtɪntaɪp/
Definition: A photograph made by creating a direct positive on a thin sheet of metal
coated with a dark lacquer or enamel.
From “tint” meaning “a slight coloration” and “type” meaning “a kind or class”.
Example Sentence: The tintype was a popular form of photography in the 19th century.
396. Tacit (adjective) /ˈtasɪt/
Definition: Understood or implied without being stated openly; unspoken.
From the Latin “tacitus” (meaning “silent”).
Example Sentence: The couple had a tacit agreement that they would share household
chores equally.
397. Taciturn (adjective) /ˈtasɪtərn/
Definition: Reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little.
From the Latin “taciturnus” (meaning “silent, noiseless, still”).
Example Sentence: The usually taciturn man surprised everyone when he gave a
passionate speech at the meeting.
398. Tactful (adjective) /ˈtaktfʊl/
Definition: Having or showing skill and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult
issues.
From the word “tact” (meaning “a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain
good relations with others”).
Example Sentence: The teacher was tactful in addressing the student’s poor behavior
without embarrassing him in front of his classmates.
399. Tactile (adjective) /ˈtaktʌɪl/
Definition: Connected with the sense of touch; perceptible by touch or apparently so;
tangible.
From the Latin “tactilis” (meaning “that may be touched”).
Example Sentence: The sculpture had a tactile quality that invited people to touch and
interact with it.

400. Talisman (noun) /ˈtalɪsman/

Definition: An object thought to have magic powers and to bring good luck.
From the French “talisman,” or the Arabic “tilsam” (meaning “charm”).
Example Sentence: He carried a small talisman in his pocket for luck during his travels.

74
 401. Ubiquitous (adjective) /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/
Definition: Present or found everywhere.
From the Latin word “ubique” (meaning “everywhere”).
Example Sentence: The use of smartphones has become ubiquitous in modern society.
402. Unanimous (adjective) /juːˈnanɪməs/
Definition: Fully in agreement; sharing the same opinion.
From the Latin word “unanimus” (meaning “of one mind”).
Example Sentence: The jury reached a unanimous decision to acquit the defendant.
403. Unassuming (adjective) /ˌʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ/
Definition: Modest or unpretentious; not making a show of one’s abilities or status.
From the verb “assume” (meaning “to take on a particular quality or appearance”).
Example Sentence: Despite being a famous actor, he remained unassuming and down-to-
earth.
404. Unilateral (adjective) /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/
Definition: Involving only one side or party; done by, for, or affecting one side only.
From the Latin word “unilaterus” (meaning “one-sided”).
Example Sentence: The company’s decision to cut jobs was made unilaterally, without
consulting its employees.
405. Unison (noun) /ˈjuːnɪs(ə)n/
Definition: Simultaneous performance or utterance of sounds or words; agreement or
harmony.
From the Latin word “unisonus” (meaning “in one sound”).
Example Sentence: The choir sang in perfect unison, creating a beautiful harmony of
voices.
406. Unique (adjective) /juːˈniːk/
Definition: Being the only one of its kind; having no equal or equivalent.
From the Latin word “unicus” (meaning “single, sole, unique”).
Example Sentence: Her handmade jewelry pieces are unique and one-of-a-kind.

407. Unkempt (adjective) /ʌnˈkɛmpt/

Definition: Messy or untidy in appearance.
From the verb “kempt” (meaning “to comb or tidy up”).

75
 Example Sentence: His hair was unkempt and he looked like he hadn’t slept in days.
408. Unprecedented (adjective) /ʌnˈprɛsɪdɛntɪd/
Definition: Never done or known before; without previous example.
From the noun “precedent” (meaning “an earlier event or action that is regarded as an
example or guide to be considered in subsequent similar circumstances”).
Example Sentence: The pandemic brought about unprecedented changes to our daily
lives.
409. Unrequited (adjective) /ˌʌnrɪˈkwʌɪtɪd/
Definition: Not returned or rewarded; not reciprocated.
From the verb “requite” (meaning “to make appropriate return for”).
Example Sentence: She had feelings for him, but they were unrequited and he never felt
the same way.
410. Upheaval (noun) /ʌpˈhiːvəl/
Definition: A violent or sudden change or disruption, often causing chaos or disorder.
From the verb “heave” (meaning “to lift or move with great effort or force”).
Example Sentence: The political upheaval led to widespread protests and unrest in the
country.
411. Uproarious (adjective) /ʌprəʊˈrɪərɪəs/
Definition: Characterized by loud and uncontrollable laughter; very funny or amusing.
From the noun “uproar” (meaning “a loud and impassioned noise or disturbance”).
Example Sentence: The comedian’s jokes were so uproarious that the audience couldn’t
stop laughing.
412. Urban (adjective) /ˈɜːbən/
Definition: Relating to or characteristic of a town or city; living in or around a city.
From the Latin word “urbanus” (meaning “of or belonging to a city”).
Example Sentence: Many people prefer the convenience of urban living, with easy access
to shops, restaurants, and entertainment.
413. Usurp (verb) /juːˈzəːp/
Definition: To take or seize (power, position, or property) by force or without legal right.
From the Latin word “usurpare” (meaning “to seize or take possession of”).
Example Sentence: He was accused of trying to usurp the company’s leadership by
staging a hostile takeover.
414 . Utmost (adjective) /ˈʌtməʊst/
Definition: Greatest or highest in degree, extent, or intensity; most extreme or intense.

76
 From the phrase “outmost” (meaning “furthest out or most remote”).
Example Sentence: She did her utmost to impress her boss and secure a promotion.
415. Utopia (noun) /juːˈtəʊpɪə/
Definition: An imagined place or state of things in which everything is perfect; an ideal or
perfect society.
From the Greek word “ou-topos” (meaning “no place”) and “eu-topos” (meaning “good
place”).
Example Sentence: The idea of a utopia has been explored in literature and philosophy for
centuries.
416. Vexillology (noun) /ˌvɛksɪˈlɒlədʒi/
Definition: The study of flags and their symbolism.
From the Latin word “vexillum” (meaning “flag or banner”).
Example Sentence: The vexillology department at the university studies the history and
meaning behind different national flags.
417. Visceral (adjective) /ˈvɪsərəl/
Definition: Relating to deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect; instinctive or
emotional.
From the Latin word “viscera” (meaning “internal organs”).
Example Sentence: The movie’s visceral depiction of violence left a lasting impact on the
audience.
418. Vivacious (adjective) /vɪˈveɪʃəs/
Definition: Lively, animated, and full of energy; high-spirited.
From the Latin word “vivax” (meaning “full of life”).
Example Sentence: Her vivacious personality made her the life of the party wherever she
went.
419. Volatile (adjective) /ˈvɒlətaɪl/
Definition: Tending to change rapidly and unpredictably; explosive or unstable.
From the Latin word “volatilis” (meaning “fleeting or transitory”).
Example Sentence: The stock market can be quite volatile, with prices fluctuating wildly
from day to day.
420. Voracious (adjective) /vəˈreɪʃəs/
Definition: Having a huge appetite; excessively eager or avid.
From the Latin word “vorax” (meaning “greedy or ravenous”).
Example Sentence: The voracious reader devoured several books a week.
421. Vouchsafe (verb) /vaʊtʃseɪf/

77
 Definition: To give or grant something to someone as a favor or privilege; to condescend
to give.
From the Old French phrase “vouchier sauf” (meaning “to warrant or guarantee safety”).
Example Sentence: The king vouchsafed the knight a title and lands in recognition of his
service.
422. Vulpine (adjective) /ˈvʌlpaɪn/
Definition: Relating to or resembling a fox; cunning or sly.
From the Latin word “vulpes” (meaning “fox”).
Example Sentence: His vulpine grin gave away his true intentions, even as he tried to
deceive his colleagues.
423. Viscid (adjective) /ˈvɪsɪd/
Definition: Thick, sticky, and adhesive; having a gluey texture.
From the Latin word “viscidus” (meaning “sticky or viscous”).
Example Sentence: The viscous substance oozed out of the containerand clung to
everything it touched, making it difficult to clean up.
424. Verbose (adjective) /vəːˈbəʊs/
Definition: Using or containing more words than necessary; wordy or long-winded.
From the Latin word “verbum” (meaning “word”).
Example Sentence: His verbose writing style made it difficult to understand the main
point of his argument.
425. Vindictive (adjective) /vɪnˈdɪktɪv/
Definition: Having or showing a strong desire for revenge; vengeful or spiteful.
From the Latin word “vindicta” (meaning “revenge or punishment”).
Example Sentence: The vindictive ex-girlfriend spread rumors about her former partner to
get back at him for breaking up with her.
426. Virtuoso (noun) /ˌvəːtjʊˈəʊsəʊ/
Definition: A person highly skilled in a particular art or field; an expert or master.
From the Italian word “virtuoso” (meaning “skilled or virtuous”).
Example Sentence: The virtuoso pianist wowed the audience with his flawless
performance.

78
 427. Viscera (noun) /ˈvɪsərə/
Definition: The internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially those in the
abdomen.
From the Latin word “viscus” (meaning “internal organ”).
Example Sentence: The surgeon carefully removed the patient’s damaged viscera and
replaced them with healthy ones.
428. Vagary (noun) /ˈveɪɡəri/
Definition: An unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or someone’s behavior;
a whim or caprice.
From the Latin word “vagus” (meaning “wandering or uncertain”).
Example Sentence: The vagaries of the stock market can make it difficult to predict which
investments will perform well.
429. Vainglorious (adjective) /veɪnˈɡlɔːrɪəs/
Definition: Excessively proud of oneself or one’s achievements; boastful or arrogant.
From the Middle English phrase “vain glorie” (meaning “empty glory”).
Example Sentence: The vainglorious politician was more concerned with his own image
than with serving his constituents.
430. Valediction (noun) /ˌvalɪˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/
Definition: The action of saying farewell; a farewell speech or statement.
From the Latin word “vale” (meaning “farewell”).
Example Sentence: The valediction at the end of the graduation ceremony marked the end
of one chapter and the beginning of another.
431. Vacive (adjective) /ˈveɪsɪv/
Definition: Describing something that is empty or devoid of life; lacking vitality.
From the Latin word “vacivus” (meaning “empty” or “vacant”), derived from the verb
“vacare” (meaning “to be empty or free”).
Example Sentence: The abandoned house had a vacive feeling, with cobwebs covering
the furniture and dust coating the floors.
432. Vacky (adjective) /ˈvækɪ/
Definition: A slang term used to describe something that is quirky, eccentric, or offbeat.
Origin uncertain, but likely a slang term that developed in English-speaking communities.
Example Sentence: Her style was always a bit tacky and a bit wacky, but it suited her
personality perfectly.

79
 433. Vacatur (noun) /vəˈkeɪtər/
Definition: The legal term for the cancellation or annulment of a court order or judgment.
From the Latin word “vacare” (meaning “to be empty or free”).
Example Sentence: The judge granted the motion for vacatur, effectively nullifying the
previous ruling.
434. Vaccary (noun) /ˈvækəri/
Definition: A place where cows are kept for milking; a dairy farm or cowshed.
From the Latin word “vacca” (meaning “cow”).
Example Sentence: The farmer’s vaccary was a bustling operation, with dozens of cows
being milked every day.
435. Vaccimulgence (noun) /vækˈsɪmjʊldʒəns/
Definition: The act of indulging in or overindulging in vaccinations.
From the Latin word “vaccinus” (meaning “of or pertaining to cows”).
Example Sentence: The public health campaign encouraged vaccimulgence in order to
prevent the spread of the flu.
436. Welter (verb) /ˈwɛltər/
Definition: To roll, toss, or wallow around in something, especially in mud or water.
From the Middle English word “welten” (meaning “to roll or toss about”).
Example Sentence: The piglets were having a great time weltering in the mud.
437. Whimsy (noun) /ˈwɪmzi/
Definition: Playful or fanciful behavior, especially in an artistic or literary work; a
fanciful or fantastic device, concept, or creation.
From the word “whim” (meaning “a sudden or capricious idea or desire”).
Example Sentence: The artist’s paintings were full of whimsy, with fantastical creatures
and whimsical landscapes.
438. Whippersnapper (noun) /ˈwɪpərsnæpər/
Definition: A young, inexperienced, or presumptuous person, especially one who is
impertinent or disrespectful.
From the phrase “whipper-snapper” (meaning “a young man who snaps his whip in
defiance or impudence”).
Example Sentence: The old man scolded the whippersnapper for talking back to him.

80
 439. Widdershins (adverb) /ˈwɪdərʃɪnz/
Definition: In a direction contrary to the sun’s course, considered as unlucky or
counterclockwise.
From the Middle Low German word “weddersinnes” (meaning “against the way of the
sun”).
Example Sentence: The superstitious villagers believed that walking widdershins around
the church would bring bad luck.
440. Wistful (adjective) /ˈwɪstfəl/
Definition: Having or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing; yearning or
melancholy in a gentle way.
From the Old English word “wist” (meaning “intelligent” or “wise”).
Example Sentence: She gazed out the window with a wistful expression, longing for the
carefree days of her youth.
441. Wont (adjective) /wəʊnt/
Definition: Accustomed or used to doing something; having a habit or custom.
From the Middle English word “wone” (meaning “habit” or “custom”).
Example Sentence: He was wont to take a long walk every morning before starting work.
442. Wraith (noun) /reɪθ/
Definition: A ghost or ghostlike image of someone, especially one seen shortly before or
after their death; a pale, thin, or insubstantial person or thing.
From the Scottish word “wraith” (meaning “ghost” or “apparition”).
Example Sentence: She caught a glimpse of a wraith-like figure in the misty graveyard.
443. Wunderkind (noun) /ˈvʊndəkɪnd/
Definition: A child prodigy; a young person who is exceptionally talented or successful in
a particular field.
From the German words “wunder” (meaning “wonder”) and “kind” (meaning “child”).
Example Sentence: The wunderkind pianist performed flawlessly, impressing the
audience with his incredible talent.
444. Wry (adjective) /raɪ/
Definition: Using or expressing dry, mocking humor; twisted or distorted, especially in an
amusing or ironic way.
From the Old English word “wrīgian” (meaning “to turn or twist”).
Example Sentence: His wry sense of humor always kept his friends laughing.

81
 445. Wunderbar (adjective) /ˈvʊndəbaːr/
Definition: Wonderful or marvelous; used to express enthusiasm or approval.
From the German word “wunderbar” (meaning “wonderful”).
Example Sentence: The view from the mountaintop was absolutely wunderbar.
446. Whet (verb) /wɛt/
Definition: To sharpen or stimulate (a desire, appetite, or interest).
From the Old English word “hwettan” (meaning “to sharpen”).
Example Sentence: The smell of freshly baked bread whetted her appetite.
447. Whiff (noun) /wɪf/
Definition: A slight gust or puff of wind; a faint or fleeting odor or hint of something.
From the Middle Dutch word “wif” (meaning “wind”).
Example Sentence: She caught a whiff of perfume as the woman passed by.
448. Wonted (adjective) /ˈwəʊntɪd/
Definition: Usual or customary; accustomed or familiar.
From the Old English word “gewunod” (meaning “accustomed”).
Example Sentence: He returned to his wonted routine after the vacation.
449. Weltanschauung (noun) /vɛltˈanʃaʊʊŋ/
Definition: A particular philosophy or view of life; a comprehensive worldview or
ideology.
From the German words “Welt” (meaning “world”) and “Anschauung” (meaning “view”
or “outlook”).
Example Sentence: His socialist weltanschauung shaped his political beliefs and actions.
450. Whirligig (noun) /ˈwəːlɪɡɪɡ/
Definition: A toy that spins around, especially a top or a pinwheel; a thing that constantly
moves or changes.
From the Middle English word “whirlegigg” (meaning “a rotating object”).
Example Sentence: The children played with their whirligigs in the park.
451. Xenophobia (noun) /zɛnəˈfəʊbɪə/
Definition: Fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers.
From the Greek words “xenos” (meaning “foreigner”) and “phobos” (meaning “fear”).

82
 Example Sentence: His xenophobia prevented him from traveling to other countries.

452. Xylophone (noun) /ˈzaɪləfəʊn/

Definition: A musical instrument consisting of a set of wooden bars that are struck with
mallets to produce musical notes.
From the Greek words “xylon” (meaning “wood”) and “phone” (meaning “sound”).
Example Sentence: The xylophone player performed a beautiful solo during the concert.
453. Xerography (noun) /ˌzɪəˈrɒɡrəfi/
Definition: A photocopying process using electrostatic charges to transfer ink or toner
onto paper.
From the Greek words “xeros” (meaning “dry”) and “graphos” (meaning “writing”).
Example Sentence: The office used xerography to make copies of important documents.
454. Xenon (noun) /ˈziːnɒn/
Definition: A chemical element that is a colorless, odorless gas and is used in lighting and
lasers.
From the Greek word “xenos” (meaning “stranger”).
Example Sentence: The light bulb contained xenon gas to produce a bright white light.
455. X-ray (noun) /ˈɛksreɪ/
Definition: A type of high-energy radiation that can pass through most objects and is used
for medical imaging and other purposes.
From the letter “X” in the English alphabet.
Example Sentence: The doctor ordered an X-ray to diagnose the patient’s broken bone.
456. Xanthan (noun) /ˈzanθən/
Definition: A polysaccharide that is used as a thickening agent in food and other products.
From the Greek word “xanthos” (meaning “yellow”).
Example Sentence: The xanthan gum helped thicken the sauce to the perfect consistency.
457. Xylem (noun) /ˈzaɪləm/
Definition: The tissue in plants that transports water and nutrients from the roots to the
rest of the plant.
From the Greek word “xylon” (meaning “wood”).
Example Sentence: The xylem in the tree’s trunk was responsible for carrying water up to
the leaves.

83
 458. Xeriscape (noun) /ˈzɛrɪskeɪp/
Definition: A type of landscaping that uses plants and design techniques that require little
or no watering.
From the Greek words “xeros” (meaning “dry”) and “scape”(meaning “scene” or “view”).
Example Sentence: The homeowner used xeriscape techniques to create a beautiful, low-
maintenance garden.
459. Xylography (noun) /zaɪˈlɒɡrəfi/
Definition: The art or process of printing from woodblocks.
From the Greek words “xylon” (meaning “wood”) and “graphos” (meaning “writing”).
Example Sentence: The artist used xylography to create intricate designs on paper and
fabric.
460. Xenogenesis (noun) /zɛnəʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/
Definition: The production of offspring that are different from their parents, often as a
result of genetic engineering or crossbreeding.
From the Greek words “xenos” (meaning “foreigner”) and “genesis” (meaning “origin”).
Example Sentence: The scientists used xenogenesis to create a new species of plant that
was resistant to disease.
461. Xylocarp (noun) /ˈzaɪləʊkɑːp/
Definition: A type of fruit that has a hard, woody exterior, such as a coconut or a chestnut.
From the Greek words “xylon” (meaning “wood”) and “karpos” (meaning “fruit”).
Example Sentence: The xylem in the coconut’s shell helped transport water and nutrients
to the fruit inside.
462. Xeroderma (noun) /zɪərəʊˈdɜːmə/
Definition: A medical condition characterized by dry, rough, and scaly skin.
From the Greek words “xeros” (meaning “dry”) and “derma” (meaning “skin”).
Example Sentence: The patient’s xeroderma was caused by a lack of moisture in the skin.
463. Xylograph (noun) /ˈzaɪləʊɡræf/
Definition: A woodcut or wood engraving used for printing.
From the Greek words “xylon” (meaning “wood”) and “graphos” (meaning “writing”).
Example Sentence: The artist created a beautiful xylograph of a forest scene.
464. Xerostomia (noun) /zɪəˈrɒstəmiə/
Definition: A medical condition characterized by dry mouth and a lack of saliva.
From the Greek words “xeros” (meaning “dry”) and “stoma” (meaning “mouth”).

84
 Example Sentence: The patient’s xerostomia was caused by a side effect of their
medication.
465. Xenial (adjective) /ˈziːniəl/
Definition: Hospitable, friendly, or relating to hospitality.
From the Greek word “xenos” (meaning “guest”).
Example Sentence: The hotel staff provided xenial service to their guests, making them
feel welcome and comfortable during their stay.

466. Yestreen (adverb) /ˈjɛstrɪn/

Definition: Yesterday evening or last night.
From Middle English “yisterne” (meaning “yesterday evening”).
Example Sentence: Yestreen, I watched a movie with my friends.
467. Ylem (noun) /aɪlɛm/
Definition: The primordial matter or substance from which the universe was believed to
have been formed.
From Middle English “ylem” or “hylem” (meaning “prime matter”).
Example Sentence: According to some cosmological theories, the universe began as a
singularity of ylem.
468. Yare (adjective) /jɛə/
Definition: Quick, agile, or nimble.
From Old English “gearu” (meaning “ready”).
Example Sentence: The yare athlete easily outpaced the competition.
469. Yen (noun) /jɛn/
Definition: A strong desire or longing for something.
From Japanese “en” (meaning “round object” or “circle”).
Example Sentence: I have a yen for adventure and travel.
470. Yerk (verb) /jəːk/
Definition: To move or jerk suddenly or quickly.
From Middle English “yerken” (meaning “to jerk”).
Example Sentence: The horse yerked its head up suddenly at the sound of a nearby noise.
471. Yob (noun) /jɒb/
Definition: A rude, aggressive, or uncouth person.
From backslang (a type of slang) for “boy”.

85
 Example Sentence: The rowdy group of yobs were causing a disturbance in the park.
472. Yonder (adverb) /ˈjɒndə/
Definition: At or in a distance, but within sight.
From Middle English “yon” (meaning “that one”).
Example Sentence: Look yonder, there’s a beautiful sunset.

473. Yowl (verb) /jaʊl/

Definition: To make a loud, mournful cry or howl.
From Middle English “youlen” (meaning “to howl”).
Example Sentence: The cat began to yowl when it saw the mouse running away.
474. Yurt (noun) /jɜːt/
Definition: A circular, portable tent traditionally used by nomadic people in Central Asia.
From Turkish “yurt” (meaning “homeland”).
Example Sentence: The family lived in a yurt while traveling through the countryside.
475. Yawp (verb) /jɔːp/
Definition: To make a loud, harsh, or raucous noise or cry.
From Middle English “yowpen” (meaning “to yelp”).
Example Sentence: The seagulls began to yawp loudly as the fishing boat approached.
476. Yaffle (noun) /ˈjaf(ə)l/
Definition: A green woodpecker.
From Old English “gafol” (meaning “tribute” or “tax”).
Example Sentence: The yaffle’s distinctive call echoed through the forest.
477. Yashmak (noun) /ˈjaʃmək/
Definition: A veil worn by Muslim women that covers the face and head, leaving only the
eyes visible.
From Turkish “yaşmak” (meaning “veil”).
Example Sentence: The woman wore a yashmak to cover her face in public.
478. Yarely (adverb) /ˈjɛəli/
Definition: In a quick, agile, or nimble manner.
From Old English “gearolice” (meaning “readily”).

86
 Example Sentence: The dancer moved yarely across the stage.
479. Yawny (adjective) /ˈjɔːni/
Definition: Feeling sleepy or drowsy.
From the word “yawn”.
Example Sentence: The warm sun made me feel yawny and relaxed.
480. Yelper (noun) /ˈjɛlpə/
Definition: A person or animal that yelps.
From “yelp” (meaning “a sharp, high-pitched cry”).
Example Sentence: The yelper was a small dog that barked loudly at everything.
481. Yestern (adjective) /ˈjɛstən/
Definition: Of or relating to yesterday.
From Middle English “yistern” (meaning “yesterday”).
Example Sentence: The yestern day’s events were still fresh in my mind.
482. Yogh (noun) /jɒɡ/
Definition: A letter in the Old English alphabet, representing a sound similar to the “y” in
“yes”.
From Old English “ȝ” or “yogh”.
Example Sentence: The word “night” was spelled with a yogh in Old English.
483. Yaw (verb) /jɔː/
Definition: To deviate from a straight course, especially while moving through the air.
From Middle English “yaggen” (meaning “to go askew”).
Example Sentence: The airplane began to yaw slightly as it encountered turbulence.
484. Yow (noun) /jaʊ/
Definition: A female sheep, especially one that has not yet given birth.
From Old English “eow” (meaning “ewe”).
Example Sentence: The farmer checked on his pregnant yows every morning.
485. Yuck (interjection) /jʌk/
Definition: Used to express disgust or distaste.
From imitative origin.
Example Sentence: Yuck, I don’t like the taste of that food.
486. Zanze (noun) /ˈzænzɪ/
Definition: A small cymbal used in Turkish music.

87
 From Turkish “zil” (meaning “cymbal”).
Example Sentence: The percussionist played the zanze with great skill.
487. Zarf (noun) /zɑːrf/
Definition: A holder for a hot coffee cup, typically made of cardboard or paper.
From Turkish “zarf” (meaning “envelope” or “cover”).
Example Sentence: The barista handed me my coffee with a cardboard zarf to protect my
hand from the heat.

488. Zebec (noun) /ˈzɛbɛk/

Definition: A small, three-masted Mediterranean sailing ship.
From Italian “zabeccha” or “zabacca”.
Example Sentence: The zebec was commonly used for trade and piracy in the
Mediterranean.
489. Zephyr (noun) /ˈzɛfə/
Definition: A gentle breeze or wind.
From Greek “Zephyros” (the god of the west wind).
Example Sentence: The zephyr carried the sweet scent of blooming flowers across the
field.
490. Zestful (adjective) /ˈzɛstfʊl/
Definition: Full of energy, enthusiasm, or excitement.
From “zest” (meaning “enthusiasm” or “vitality”).
Example Sentence: The children were zestful and full of energy as they played in the
park.
491. Zigzag (adjective) /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/
Definition: Having a series of sharp turns in alternating directions.
From imitative origin.
Example Sentence: The zigzag pattern on the fabric was eye-catching and unique.
492. Zilch (pronoun) /zɪltʃ/
Definition: Nothing; zero.
From imitative origin.
Example Sentence: I searched the entire house, but found zilch.

88
 493. Zincography (noun) /zɪŋˈkɒɡrəfi/
Definition: A printing process that uses zinc plates.
From “zinc” (the metal used for the plates) and “graphy” (meaning “writing” or
“drawing”).
Example Sentence: The artist used zincography to create prints of his paintings.
494. Zoetic (adjective) /zəʊˈɛtɪk/
Definition: Of or relating to life; living.
From Greek “zōē” (meaning “life”).
Example Sentence: The zoetic energy of the forest was invigorating.

495. Zonal (adjective) /ˈzəʊnəl/

Definition: Of or relating to a zone or zones.
From “zone” (meaning “an area or region”).
Example Sentence: The zonal climate of the rainforest is characterized by high humidity
and rainfall.
496. Zoonosis (noun) /zəʊˈɒnəsɪs/
Definition: An infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
From Greek “zōon” (meaning “animal”) and “nosos” (meaning “disease”).
Example Sentence: Rabies is a zoonosis that is transmitted to humans through the bite of
an infected animal.
497. Zoster (noun) /ˈzɒstə/
Definition: A viral infection that causes a painful rash, also known as shingles.
From Greek “zōstēr” (meaning “girdle” or “belt”).
Example Sentence: The elderly man suffered from a severe case of zoster, causing him
great discomfort.
498. Zucchetto (noun) /zuːˈkɛtəʊ/
Definition: A small skullcap worn by Roman Catholic clergy.
From Italian “zucchetto”.
Example Sentence: The bishop wore a white zucchetto as part of his official attire.
499. Zugzwang (noun) /ˈzuːɡzwæŋ/
Definition: A situation in chess where a player is forced to make a disadvantageous move.
From German “zug” (meaning “move”) and “zwang” (meaning “compulsion”).

89
 Example Sentence: The chess player found himself in zugzwang, with no good moves to
make.
500. Zymosis (noun) /zaɪˈməʊsɪs/
Definition: The fermentation process, especially in brewing and winemaking.
From Greek “zumos” (meaning “leaven”).
Example Sentence: The zymosis of the grapes produced a delicious wine with a rich
flavor.

90