KEYFORCONVERSI
ONS
Sl Reagent Gr
oupOut Gr
oupI
n Remar
k
No
1 KMnO4/H+ -
CH2OH -
COOH St
rongOxi
dat
ion(20al
c
ket
one)
2 Li
AlH4 -
COOH -
CH2OH St
rongReduct
ion(ketone 2
0
al
c)
3 Cu/573K orCrO3 -
CH2OH -
CHO Dehy
drogenat
ion
4 PCl
5 or SOCl
2 -OH -
Cl
5 Cl
2/Δ or Cl2/UV -H -
Cl Fr
eeradi
calsubst
it
uti
on
6 AqNaOH/KOH -X -OH Nucl
eophi
li
csubsti
tut
ion
7 KCN -X -CN St
epUp
8 AgCN -X -NC
9 Al
cohol
i
cKOH -HX = Dehy drohalogenati
on
(Stzf)
10 Mg/dr yether Mg R-X R- MgX
11 HBr >=< H, Br Mer kovnikov
12 H2/Pd-BaSO4 -
COCl -CHO RosenmundReduct i
on
13 Zn-Hg/HCl >C=O -CH2- Clemmensi onReduction
14 NH3/Δ -COOH -
CONH2 -
COOH+NH3 - COONH4
15 Br2/NaOH orNaOBr -
CONH2 -NH2 StepDown(Hof f
mann)
16 HNO2 orNaNO2/ HCl -NH2 -OH HONO
17 CHCl3/alcKOH -NH2 -NC Car byl
ami ne
18 P2O5 -
CONH2 -CN Dehy drati
on
19 H3O+ -
CN -COOH Hy drol
ysis
20 OH- -
CN -
CONH2
21 Li
AlH4 -
CN -
CH2NH2 Reduct
ion
22 RedP/Cl 2 α-
Hofacid -Cl HVZReaction
I
nbenzener
ing
23 Fe/X2/ dar
k -
H -X Halogi
nation
24 CH3Cl/AlCl3(
anhyd) -
H -CH3 Fri
edelCraftal
ky l
ati
on
25 CH3COCl /AlCl
3(anhyd) -
H -
COCH3 Fri
edelCraftacylat
ion
26 Conc.HNO3/con.H2SO4 -
H -NO2 Nit
rati
on
27 ConcH2SO4 -
H -SO3H Sul
phonat i
on
28 KMnO4/H+ -
R -
COOH Oxidat
ion
29 CrO2Cl2/H+ -
CH3 -
CHO Mil
doxi dati
on(Et
ard
React
ion)
30 Sn/HCl orFe/ HCl -
NO2 -NH2 Reduct
ion
31 NaOH/623K/300at m -Cl -
OH
32 Zndust/Δ -
OH -H
N2+Cl
-
33 NaNO2/di
lHCl/273-278 -
NH2 - Di
azor
eact
ion
K
N2+Cl
-
34 CuCl/HCl orCu/HCl - -
Cl Sandmeyeror
Gatt
ermann
N2+Cl
-
35 CuBr/HBrorCu/
HBr - -
Br Sandmeyeror
Gatt
ermann
N2+Cl
-
36 CuCN/KCN - -
CN Sandmeyer
N2+Cl
-
37 KI - -
I
N2+Cl
-
38 HBF4/Δ - -F
N2+Cl
-
39 H3PO2 orCH3CH2OH - -H
40 H2O /283K N2+Cl
- -
-OH
+ -
41 HBF4/NaNO2,
Cu/Δ -
N2 Cl -
NO2
N2+Cl
-
42 C6H5-
OH - -
N=N-
C6H5-
OH Coupl
i
ng(p-
hydr
oxy)
+ -
43 C6H5-
NH2 -
N2 Cl -
N=N-
C6H5-
NH2 Coupl
i
ng(p-
amino)
React
ionsofGr
ignar
dReagent
Gr
ignar
dreagent+ Anyonebelow+H2O Product
H2OorROHorRNH2 R-H
H-CHO R-CH2-OH ( 10alc)
0
R-CHO R-CH(OH) -R( 2 alc)
0
R-CO-R R2C(OH) -
R( 3 alc)
R-
MgX
CO2 R-
COOH
R-CN R-CO-R
HCOOR Aldehyde
RCOOR Ketone
NB: i
)Dur i
ngr eactiongenerall
ychangestakeplacei
nthef uncti
onalgr
ouponlysoseet he
functi
onal
groupv er
ycar eful
ly.
i
i
)Rememberst r
ucturalf
ormulaofallt
hecommonor ganiccompounds(wi t
htheirI
UPACand
common
names)
ii
i
)Wur tzReact ionandAl dolCondensat
ionarenotincl
udedi nthet
abl
ealthoughtheyare
veryimpor tantforconversi
onssost udythem .
iv
)Byt akingexampl espracti
ceal
ltheabovecases(f r
om 1t o43andGrignard)
v)Practi
ceonl yf r
om NCERTbook.
vi
)Startpr acti
cingNOW !
Howt
ouset
het
abl
e?Seebel
ow.
Exampl
e:Seeno7i
nthe
tabl
e
Di
rect
ional
Proper
ti
esofgr
oupsi
nbenzener
ingf
orel
ect
rophi
l
icsubst
it
uti
on
Or
tho-
par
adi
rect
inggr
oup:
-R,-
OH,-
NH2,-
X,-
OR,-
NHR,-
NR2,
-NHCOCH3,-
CH2Cl
,-
SH,-Ph
Met
a-di
rect
inggr
oup: -
NO2,
-CHO,-
COOH,COOR,-
CN,-
SO3H,-
COCH3,-
CCl NH3+,
3,-
