Unit 1: Communication Skills
Session 1: Introduction to Communication
What is communication?
Sharing of information from one person to other by speaking, writing, signals or by any other means is called
communication.
Communication Process (Cycle) or Elements of Communication
• Sender: the person who is starting the communication
• Message: the information that the sender wants to send
• Encoding: The way the sender wants the message to be looked like.
• Channel: From which medium the message travels.
• Receiver: the person who receives the message
• Decoding: What the receiver understands
• Feedback: the receiver's response to the message.
Perspectives in communication
Perspectives are fixed ideas and thoughts regarding something. For Example, you have fixed the thought that your
school principal is very strict so you will not be able to talk to him friendly. You always think that he is very strict.
Factors affecting perspectives in communication
Here are some factors which affect perspectives.
Language: The language is used in communication
Visual Perception: how the person looks
Past Experience: Your past experience which him
Prejudice: some fixed idea about the person
Feelings: How are you feeling at that time
Environment: the environmental condition during communication
Personal factors: Personally how are you attached to him
Culture: Your culture and his culture are also a factor
Effective Communication
The communication in which the receiver gets the best possible message that the sender wants to convey. In
other words, if the receiver gets the appropriate message that the sender wants to convey is called effective
communication.
7C's of Effective Communication
Session 2: Verbal Communication
Communication Styles/Methods
There are four main categories or communication styles including verbal, non-verbal, written and visual.
Verbal Communication
In Verbal Communication words are used to communicate. This is the most common type of communication. As in
this type, words are used so it is very important to use appropriate word otherwise it will cause confusion.
Advantages of verbal communication
It is very easy and quick as you can exchange ideas by saying words.
Disadvantages of verbal communication
Since it depends on words then it is very important to use correct words so that other person can understand
easily.
Written Communication
It is an act of communicating through written words. Just like when you send messages by written mode or the
information written in newspaper, books etc.
Advantages of written communication
-It is a permanent record
-It can be circulated easily
-Suitable for future references
Disadvantages of written communication
-It takes time to write documents
-Once written it is difficult to change
-It requires good knowledge of language and grammar
-Receiver can interpret it in the wrong way
Public speaking
Speaking in front of a large number of people is called public speaking. It is very difficult for any person to speak in
from of many audiences. So 3ps of Public speaking gives an idea to improve this skill.
3Ps of Public Speaking
Prepare: First of all be prepared for what you are going to speak.
Practice: Practice in front of a mirror helps to overcome the fear of the audience.
Perform: Then perform in form of people. Take a long breath. This will help you when you are nervous.
Session 3: Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication is the way of expressing ourselves without using words. We can send many messages
without using words, for example, can send a message through expression, eye contact, touch etc. More examples
are given below
Importance of non-verbal communication
In our daily life, we see that most of the communication is non-verbal. Many time we express ourself just by using
our eye contact or by hand movements. So we can say that non-verbal communication is very important in our
life.
Visual communication
This is also a very important type of communication. Sending a message through images is very popular as you
can see many advertisements on the roadside and signboards all these contain much information but in form of
images. It is not bounded to any language anyone can understand what is being expressed in the image.
Session 4: Writing Skills: Parts of Speech
From these sessions, you are going to study those topics which comes in the English language. All these topics are
not relevant to the Employability skills Class 9 examination. So we will discuss only some important concepts.
There are 8 Parts of Speech
Noun: Words for people, place and things
Pronoun: Words used in place of Noun
Adjective: Word used to describe Noun or Pronoun.
Verb: Doing words
Adverb: Words used to describe Verb. Ex-fast, Slow
Preposition: Used before Noun or Pronoun to show its position. Ex- on, in, at
Conjunction: Used to join words or group of words. Ex- Because, and
Interjection: It shows Emotion. Ex- Alas, Hurrah
Session 5: Writing Skills: Sentences
Types of sentences
Active and passive sentences. Example:
• Rahul plays cricket.
• Cricket is played by Rahul.
Types of sentences (according to their purpose)
Session 6: Pronunciation Basics
Correct pronunciation of words is very important to communicate well. Listen to correct speeches and practicing
more and more you can achieve good pronunciation of words.
Different Sounds in English
Vowels: There are 5 vowels in the English language like a, e, i, o, u
Consonants: A total of 21 Consonants are there.
Diphthongs: Combination of two vowel sounds like ou, ea
Session 7: Greetings and Introductions
Types of greetings
Formal greetings: It is used when you don't know the person or to greet elderly people.
Informal greetings: It is used to greet friends, family or a person known to you.
Session 8: Talking about Self
Talking about yourself means introducing yourself. While introducing yourself keep it concise and tell some basic
things like name, age, address, likes, dislikes.
Session 9: Asking Questions I
5W+1H Method for Asking Questions
Who Where Where When What Why How
Session 10: Asking Questions II
There are two types of questions
1. Close-ended: The question which has answered only 'Yes' or 'No'. Options in the answer are limited.
2. Open-ended: These types of questions can have a variety of answers
