NEW CURRICULUM OF B.Sc.

PART III

CHEMISTRY

The new curriculum will comprise of three papers of 33, 33 and 34 marks each and practical
work of 50 marks. The Curriculum is to be completed in 180 working days as per UGC norms
and conforming to the directives of Govt. of Chhattisgarh. The theory papers are of 60 hrs. each
duration and practical work of 180 hrs duration.

Paper – I
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 60 Hrs., Max Marks 33

UNIT-I
METAL-LIGAND BONDING IN TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES
(A) Limitations of valence bond theory, Limitation of Crystal Field Theory, Application of
CFSE, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry, Jahn–Teller distortion, square planar
geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand field and MO Theory.
(B) Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of metal complexes. A brief outline of thermodynamic
stability of metal complexes and factors affecting the stability, substitution reactions of square
planar complexes, Trans- effect, theories of trans effect. Mechanism of substitution reactions of
square planar complexes.
UNIT-II
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES
Types of magnetic behavior, methods of determining magnetic susceptibility, spin only formula,
L-S coupling, correlation of μso(spin only) and μeff. values, orbital contribution to magnetic
moments, application of magnetic moment data for 3d metal complexes.
Electronic spectra of Transition Metal Complexes.
Types of electronic transitions, selection rules for d-d transitions, spectroscopic ground states,
spectro-chemical series. Orgel-energy level diagram for d1 and d2 states, discussion of the
electronic spectrum of [Ti(H2O)6]3+ complex ion.
UNIT-III

ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
Definition and classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond type. Concept of
hapticity of organic ligands. Metal carbonyls: 18-electron rule, electron count of mononuclear,
polynuclear and substituted metal carbonyls of 3d series. General methods of preparation (direct
combination, reductive carbonylation, thermal and photochemical decomposition) of mono and
binuclear carbonyls of 3d series.
Structures of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using VBT. π-
acceptor behavior of CO (MO diagram of CO to be discussed), Zeise’s salt: Preparation and
structure.
Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds –
Study of the following industrial processes and their mechanism :
1. Alkene hydrogenation (Wilkinsons Catalyst)
2. Polymeration of ethane using Ziegler – Natta Catalyst

UNIT-IV
BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Essential and trace elements in biological processes, Excess and deficiency of some trace metals,
Toxicity of some metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), metalloporphyrins with special reference to
hemoglobin and myoglobin. Biological role of alkali and alkaline earth metals with special
reference to Ca2+ and Mg2+, nitrogen fixation.

UNIT-V
HARD AND SOFT ACIDS AND BASES (HSAB) Classification of acids and bases as hard
and soft. Pearson’s HSAB concept, acid-base strength and hardness and softness. Symbiosis,
Applications of HSAB principle.

INORGANIC POLYMERS
Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects
and applications of silicones. Silicates, phosphazenes and polyphosphate.
REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Gaus, Wiley.

2. Concise Inorganic Chemistry, J. D. Lee, ELBS.
3. Concepts of Models of Inorganic Chemistry, B. Douglas, D. Mc Daniel and J. Alexander,
John Wiley.
4. Inorganic Chemistry, D. E. Shriver, P. W. Atkins and C. H. Langford, Oxford.
5. Inorganic Chemistry, W. W. Porterfield, Addison – Wiley.
6. Inorganic Chemistry, A. G. Sharp, ELBS.
7. Inorganic Chemistry, G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr, Prentice Hall.
8. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Satya Prakash.
9. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Agarwal and Agarwal.
10. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Puri, Sharma, S. Naginchand.
11. Inorganic Chemistry, Madan, S. Chand.
12. Aadhunik Akarbanic Rasayan, A. K. Shrivastav & P. C. Jain, Goel Pub.
13. Uchchattar Akarbanic Rasayan, satya Prakash & G. D. Tuli, Shyamal Prakashan.
14. Uchchattar Akarbanic Rasayan, Puri & Sharma.
15. Selected topic in Inorganic Chemistry by Madan Malik & Tuli, S. Chand.
 Paper – II
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 60 Hrs. Max Marks 33

UNIT-I
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-membered and 6-membered rings
containing one heteroatom; Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of: Furan,
Pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Knorr pyrrole synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis), Thiophene, Pyridine
(Hantzsch synthesis), Indole (Fischer indole synthesis and Madelung synthesis), Quinoline and
isoquinoline, (Skraup synthesis, Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis, Doebner-
Miller synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski reaction, Pictet- Spengler reaction, Pomeranz-Fritsch
reaction).

UNIT II
A. ORGANOMETALLIC REAGENT
Organomagnesium compounds: Grignard reagents formation, structure and chemical reactions.
Organozinc compounds: formation and chemical reactions.
Organolithium compounds: formation and chemical reactions.
B. ORGANIC SYNTHESIS VIA ENOLATES
Active methylene group, alkylation of diethylmalonate and ethyl acetoacetate, Synthesis of
ethyl acetoacetate: The Claisen condensation. Keto-enol tautomerism of ethyl acetoacetate.
Robbinson annulations reaction.

UNIT-III
BIOMOLECULES
A. CARBOHYDRATES
Occurrence, classification and their biological importance. Monosaccharides: relative and
absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimers and anomers, mutarotation,
determination of ring size of glucose and fructose, Haworth projections and conformational
structures; Interconversions of aldoses and ketoses; Killiani Fischer synthesis and Ruff
degradation; Disaccharides – Structural comparison of maltose, lactose and sucrose.
Polysaccharides – Elementary treatment of starch and cellulose.
B. AMINO ACIDS, PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
Classification and Nomenclature of amino acids, Configuration and acid base properties of
amino acids, Isoelectric Point, Peptide bonds, Protein structure, denaturation/ renaturation,
Constituents of nucleic acid, DNA, RNA nucleoside, nucleotides, double helical structure of
DNA.

UNIT-IV
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
A. Addition or chain growth polymerization, Free radical vinyl polymerization, Ziegler-Natta
polymerization, Condensation or Step growth polymerization, polyesters, polyamides,
phenols- formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins and polyurethanes,
natural and synthetic rubbers.
B. SYNTHETIC DYES
Colour and constitution (Electronic Concept). Classification of Dyes. Chemistry of dyes.
Chemistry and synthesis of Methyl Orange, Congo Red, Malachite Green, Crystal Violet,
phenolphthalein, fluorescein, Alizarine and Indigo.

UNIT-V
A. INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY
Basic principle, IR absorption Band their position and intensity, IR spectra of organic
compounds.
B. UV-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
Beer Lambert's law, effect of Conjugation, Types of electronic transitions λmax, Chromophores
and Auxochromes, Bathochromic and Hypsochromic shifts, Intensity of absorption Visible
spectrum and colour.
C. NMR SPECTROSCOPY
Basic principles of Proton Magnetic Resonance, Tetramethyl silane (TMS) as internal
standard, chemical shift and factors influencing it; Spin – Spin coupling and coupling constant
(J); Anisotropic effects in alkene, alkyne, aldehydes and aromatics, Interpretation of NMR
spectra of simple organic compounds. 13CMR spectroscopy: Principle and applications.
REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, Prentice-Hall.

2. Organic Chemistry, L. G. Wade Jr. Prentice Hall.
3. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Solomons, John Wiley.
4. Organic Chemistry, Vol I, II, III S. M. Mukherjee, S. P. Singh and R. P. Kapoor, Wiley
Easters (New Age).
5. Organic Chemistry, F. A. Carey, McGraw Hill.
6. Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Struiweisser, Heathcock and Kosover, Macmillan.
7. Acheson, R.M. Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocyclic compounds, John Wiley &
Sons (1976).
8. Graham Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9. McMurry, J.E. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning
IndiaEdition, 2013.
10. Kalsi, P. S. Textbook of Organic Chemistry 1st Ed., New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub.
11. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S.; Wothers, P.; Organic Chemistry, Oxford University
Press.
 Paper – III
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 60 Hrs., Max Marks 34

UNIT-I
QUANTUM MECHANICS–I
Black-body radiation, Planck's radiation law, photoelectric effect, Compton effect. Operator:
Hamiltonian operator, angular momentum operator, Laplacian operator, postulate of quantum
mechanics, eigen values, eigen function, Schrodinger time independent wave equation,
physical significance of ψ & ψ2, application of Schrodinger wave equation to particle in a one
dimensional box, hydrogen atom (separation into three equations ) radial and angular wave
functions.

UNIT-II
A. QUANTUM MECHANICS–II
Quantum Mechanical approach of Molecular orbital theory, basic ideas-criteria for forming
M.O. and A.O., LCAO approximation, formation of H2+ ion, calculation of energy levels from
wave functions, bonding and antibonding wave functions, Concept of σ, σ*, π, π* orbitals and
their characteristics, Hybrid orbitals-sp,sp2,sp3 Calculation of coefficients of A.O.'s used in
these hybrid orbitals.
Introduction to valence bond model of H2, comparison of M.O. and V.B. models. Huckel
theory, application of Huckel theory to ethene, propene, etc.

UNIT III
SPECTROSCOPY
Introduction: Characterization of Electromagnetic radiation, regions of the spectrum,
representation of spectra, width and intensity of spectral transition, Rotational Spectrum of
Diatomic molecules. Energy levels of a rigid rotor, selection rules, determination of bond
length, qualitative description of non-rigid rotator, isotopic effect.
Vibrational Spectroscopy: Fundamental vibration and their symmetry vibrating diatomic
molecules, Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator, selection rules, pure vibrational
spectrum, determination of force constant, anharmonic oscillator
Raman spectrum: Concept of polarizability, quantum theory of Raman spectra, stokes and
antistokes lines, pure rotational and pure vibrational Raman spectra. Applications of Raman
Spectra.
 Electronic Spectroscopy: Basic principles, Electronic Spectra of diatomic molecule, Franck-
Condon principle, types of electronic transition, application of electronic spectra.

UNIT-IV
ELECTROCHEMISTRY-I
A. Electrolytic conductance: Specific and equivalent conductance, measurement of equivalent
conductance, effect of dilution on conductance, Kohlrausch law, application of Kohlrausch
law in determination of dissociation constant of weak electrolyte, solubility of sparingly
soluble electrolyte, absolute velocity of ions, ionic product of water, conductometric titrations.
B. Theories of strong electrolyte: limitations of Ostwald’s dilution law, weak and strong
electrolytes, Elementary ideas of Debye-Huckel-Onsager’s equation for strong electrolytes ,
relaxation and electrophoretic effects.
C. Migration of ions: Transport number, Determination by Hittorf method and moving boundary
method, ionic strength.
UNIT-V
ELECTROCHEMISTRY-II
A. Electrochemical cell and Galvanic cells – reversible and irreversible cells, conventional
representation of electrochemical cells, EMF of the cell and effect of temperature on EMF of
the cell, Nernst equation Calculation of ∆G, ∆H and ∆S for cell reactions.
B. Single electrode potential : standard hydrogen electrode, calomel electrode, quinhydrone
electrode, redox electrodes, electrochemical series
C. Concentration cell with and without transport, liquid - junction potential, application of
concentration cells in determining of valency of ions , solubility product and activity
coefficient
D. Corrosion-types , theories and prevention
REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Physical chemistry, G.M.Barrow. International Student Edition McGraw Hill.

2. University General Chemistry, CNR Rao, Macmillan.
3. Physical Chemistry R.A.Alberty, Wiley Eastrn.
4. The elements of Physical Chemistry P.W.Alkin,Oxford.
5. Physical Chemistry through problems, S.K.Dogra, Wiley Eastern.
6. Physical Chemistry B.D.Khosla.
7. Physical Chemistry, Puri & Sharma.
8. Bhoutic Rasayan, Puri & Sharma.
9. Bhoutic Rasayan, P.L.Soni.
10. Bhoutic Rasayan, Bahl & Tuli.
11. Physical Chemistry, R.L.Kapoor, Vol- I-IV.
12. Introduction to quantum chemistry,A.K.Chandra,Tata McGraw Hill.
13. Quantum Chemistry,Ira N.Levine, Prentice Hall.
 B.Sc. Part- III
PRACTICAL
Max. Marks-50

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Gravimetric analysis:
x Estimation of nickel (II) using Dimethylglyoxime (DMG).
x Estimation of copper as CuSCN
x Estimation of iron as Fe2O3 by precipitating iron as Fe(OH)3.
x Estimation of Al (III) by precipitating with oxine and weighing as Al(oxine)3 (aluminium
oxinate).
x Estimation of Barium as BaSO4
Inorganic Preparations:
x Tetraamminecopper (II) sulphate, [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.H2O
x Cis and trans K[Cr(C2O4)2. (H2O)2] Potassium dioxalatodiaquachromate(III)
x Tetraamminecarbonatocobalt (III) ion
x Potassium tris(oxalate)ferrate(III)/ Sodium tris(oxalate)ferrate(III)
x Cu(I) thiourea complex, Bis (2,4-pentanedionate) zinc hydrate; Double salts (Chrome
alum/ Mohr’s salt)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

1. Preparation of organic Compounds

x Acetylation of one of the following compounds: amines (aniline, o-, m-, p- toluidines and
o-,m-, p-anisidine) and phenols (β-naphthol, vanillin, salicylic acid)
x Benzolyation of one of the following amines (aniline, o-, m-, p- toluidines and o-, m-,
panisidine) and one of the following phenols (β-naphthol, resorcinol, p cresol) by
Schotten-Baumann reaction.
x Bromination of any one of the following: a. Acetanilide by conventional methods
b.Acetanilide using green approach (Bromate-bromide method)
x Nitration of any one of the following: a. Acetanilide/nitrobenzene by conventional
method b. Salicylic acid by green approach (using ceric ammonium nitrate).
x Reduction of p-nitrobenzaldehyde by sodium borohydride.
x Hydrolysis of amides and esters.
x Semicarbazone of any one of the following compounds: acetone, ethyl methyl ketone,
cyclohexanone, benzaldehyde.
 x Benzylisothiouronium salt of one each of water soluble and water insoluble acids
(benzoic acid, oxalic acid, phenyl acetic acid and phthalic acid).
x Aldol condensation using either conventional or green method.
x Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangement.
x Preparation of sodium polyacrylate.
x Preparation of urea formaldehyde.
x Preparation of methyl orange.

The above derivatives should be prepared using 0.5-1g of the organic compound. The solid
samples must be collected and may be used for recrystallization, melting point and TLC.
2. Qualitative Analysis Analysis of an organic mixture containing two solid components
using water, NaHCO3, NaOH for separation and preparation of suitable derivatives.
3. Extraction of caffeine from tea leaves.
4. Analysis of Carbohydrate: aldoses and ketoses, reducing and non-reducing sugars.
5. Identification of simple organic compounds by IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy.
(Spectra to be provided).
6. Estimation of glycine by Sorenson’s formalin method.
7. Study of the titration curve of glycine.
8. Estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method.
9. Study of the action of salivary amylase on starch at optimum conditions.
10. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Conductometry

x Determination of cell constant

x Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation
constant of a weak acid.
x Perform the following conductometric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
iii. Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base
iv. Strong acid vs. weak base
x To determine the strength of the given acid conductometrically using standard alkali
solution.
x To determine the solubility and solubility product of a sparingly soluble electrolyte
conductometrically
x To study the saponification of ethyl acetate conductometrically.
Potentiometry/pH metry
Perform the following potentio/pH metric titrations:
i. Strong acid vs. strong base
ii. Weak acid vs. strong base
iii. Dibasic acid vs. strong base
iv. Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
v. Determination of pKa of monobasic acid
UV/ Visible spectroscopy
x Verify Lambert-Beer’s law and determine the concentration of CuSO4/KMnO4/K2Cr2O7
in a solution of unknown concentration
x Determine the concentrations of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 in a mixture.
x Study the kinetics of iodination of propanone in acidic medium.
x Determine the amount of iron present in a sample using 1,10-phenathroline.
x Determine the dissociation constant of an indicator (phenolphthalein).
x Study the kinetics of interaction of crystal violet/ phenolphthalein with sodium
hydroxide.
x Study of pH-dependence of the UV-Vis spectrum (200-500 nm) of potassium dichromate.
x Spectral characteristics study (UV) of given compounds (acetone, acelaldehyde, acetic
acid, etc.) in water.
x Absorption spectra of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 (in 0.1 M H2SO4) and determine Omax values.

Note: Experiments may be added/deleted subject to availability of time and facilities

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Vogel, A.I. Quantitative Organic Analysis, Part 3, Pearson (2012).31
2. Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009)
3. Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic
Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012)
4. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press (2000).
5. Ahluwalia, V.K. & Dhingra, S. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry: Qualitative
Analysis, University Press (2000)
6. Manual of Biochemistry Workshop, 2012, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi.
8 Hrs. PRACTICAL EXAMINATION M.M.50

Five experiments are to be performed.

1. Inorganic - Two experiments to be performed. Gravimetric estimation compulsory
08 marks. (Manipulation 3 marks)
Anyone experiment from synthesis and analysis 04 marks.
2. Organic - Two experiments to be performed. Qualitative analysis of organic mixture
containing two solid components. compulsory carrying 08 marks (03 marks for each compound
and two marks for separation).
One experiment from synthesis of organic compound (Single step) 04 marks.

3. Physical-One physical experiment 12 marks.

4. Sessional 04 marks.
5. Viva Voce 10 marks.
In case of Ex-Students one mark each will be added to Gravimetric analysis and Qualitative
analysis of organic mixture and two marks in Physical experiment.