SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL FROM

ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE

By: Farhana Nr
 4 pillars of
sustainability
Why SDG matters to the environment?
 To promote environmental
sustainability and ensuring the
health of our planet
while building sustainable
communities around the
world.
Sustainable Development Goals
Total of 17 goals, 72 targets and 93 indicators of SDG directed towards environment.
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms
everywhere
Current situation
• 800 million people around the world
still live on less than $1.25 a day—
that’s about the equivalent of the
entire population of Europe living in
extreme poverty
 Target 1.4 - By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the
vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services,
ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural
resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance

Indicator
• 1.4.2 Proportion of total adult
population with secure tenure rights
to land, with legally recognised
documentation and who perceive
their rights to land as secure, by sex
and by type of tenure. -Tier II
Target 1.5 - By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable
situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme
events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters

Indicator
• 1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing persons and
directly affected persons attributed to disasters
per 100,000 population. - Tier II
• 1.5.2 Direct economic loss attributed to
disasters in relation to global gross domestic
product (GDP). - Tier II
• 1.5.3 Number of countries that adopt and
implement national disaster risk reduction
strategies in line with the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. -Tier I
 The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030
• A 15-year, voluntary, non-binding Priorities for Action:
agreement which recognizes that the State 1. Understand disaster risk.
has the primary role to reduce disaster risk 2. Strengthening disaster risk governance.
but that responsibility should be shared 3. Invest in disaster risk reduction.
with other stakeholders including local 4. Enhance disaster preparedness.
government, the private sector and other
stakeholders.
• It aims for:
The substantial reduction of disaster risk
and losses in lives, livelihoods and health
and in the economic, physical, social,
cultural and environmental assets of
persons, businesses, communities and
countries.
 Malaysia
• Malaysia is setting up a new National Disaster
Management Agency, which falls under the Prime
Minister’s department.
• Presently, they are drafting new legislation on
disaster management.
• Disaster management has consistently been a focus
of Malaysia’s development policy. This is evident by
the amount of resources provided to minimize risk
factors and facilitate sustainable development.
• Malaysia’s 11th version of the Five Year Plan (2016-
2020) focuses on strengthening disaster risk
management across five phases (prevention,
mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery).
• In adapting to climate change, nearly a million people
have been shielded from the detrimental impact of
floods through the implementation of 194 flood
mitigation projects.
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security
and improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture
 Current situation
• Rapid economic growth has seen the
proportion of undernourished people
drop by almost half.
• Yet, 795 million people are still
chronically undernourished in 2014, as
a result of environmental degradation,
drought and loss of diversity.
• 90 million children U5 are dangerously
underweight.
• One in every four person still goes
hungry in Africa.
Target 2.4 - By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and
implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and
production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for
adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and
other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality

Indicator
• 2.4.1 Proportion of agricultural
area under productive and
sustainable agriculture. -Tier II
 Target 2.5 - By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed
and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed
and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and
promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of
genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

Indicators
• 2.5.1 Number of plant and
animal genetic resources for
food and agriculture secured
in either medium or long-term
conservation facilities. -Tier I
• 2.5.2 Proportion of local
breeds classified as being at
risk, not-at- risk or at
unknown level of risk of
extinction. -Tier I
 Global response Malaysia
Plan & Action
• 3.9% yearly growth in major agrofood
Practices to minimize environmental damage
commodities between 2011–2016
and maximize resilience in agriculture land
include: • 72.3% self-sufficiency level (SSL)
reached for paddy (2015)
• Precision farming to economize on fertilizer
• 56.7% SSL reached for vegetables
and water use and to maximize yields: (2015)
• No-till farming to protect soil quality; • 80.8% SSL reached for fruits (2015)
• Agro-ecology to optimize the crop mix to • 100% SSL reached for poultry and
sustain biodiversity eggs (2015)
• Resist the dangers of pests and pathogens • 13018 accessions of rice conserved at
MARDI Penang and 18,554 plant
• Improved harvesting and storage practices to
genetic resources conserved by
reduce post-harvest losses. MyGeneBank
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-
being for all at all ages
 Current situation
Most of the top ten causes of death are
directly or indirectly influenced by faulty
environment.

• Heart attack (1), stroke (2), chronic

respiratory disease (4), lung cancers
(5) – more than a quarter to one-third
of deaths are caused by air pollution –
with urban traffic, waste, industry,
cooking, heating and power
production, as leading sources.
• Pneumonia (3) – air pollution causes
more than one half of deaths.
• Diabetes (6) – linked to obesity and
physical inactivity common in car-
dependent cities lacking robust
transit and walking/cycling
networks, as well as urban fresh
food markets.
• Diarrhoeal diseases (8) and
Tuberculosis (9) are closely related
to poor sanitation and waste
management and unhealthy
housing.
• Traffic injuries (10) Pedestrians &
cyclists, including children, older
people and the poor are exposed to
traffic injury due to lack of safe,
rapid transit, walking and cycling.
 Target 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses
from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and
contamination

Indicators
• 3.9.1 Mortality rate attributed to household
and ambient air pollution. -Tier I
• 3.9.2 Mortality rate attributed to unsafe
water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene
(exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and
Hygiene for All (WASH) services) -Tier I
• 3.9.3 Mortality rate attributed to
unintentional poisoning. -Tier I
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote lifelong learning opportunities
for all to ensure a full and productive life to all
individuals and to the realization of sustainable
development
 It helps develop the
right knowledge, skills
and technical solutions
that can change
environmental
behaviour
Green schools, well- Education is clearly
designed curricula and shown to be the
hands-on learning best tool for
outside of school can Education can climate change
strengthen people’s help people awareness
connection with nature. understand and
respond to
environmental
Student will learn issues. Education is the
much from most effective
indigenous means of
communities and will Education improves curtailing
respect local disaster population
cultures. preparedness and growth
reduces vulnerability
to climate-related
disasters.
Target 4.7 - By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills
needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others,
through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles,
human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non-
violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of
culture’s contribution to sustainable development
Indicator
• 4.7.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education
and (ii) education for sustainable development,
including gender equality and human rights, are
mainstreamed at all levels in: (a) national education
policies, (b) curricula, (c) teacher education and (d)
student assessment. -Tier III
Global response
Malaysia
Global achievement
73% of 78 countries’ curricula • Malaysia’s environment education
mention ‘sustainable development’, programme dates back to 1977.
55% mention ‘ecology’, and • Environment education is taught
through subjects such as Civic and
47% ‘environmental education. Citizenship and Science in primary
Evidence shows that curricular design school, and through Geography and
affects student knowledge. They are Science in secondary school.
more likely: • Environment education is also being
• To answer questions about implemented in co-curriculum activities
environmental science correctly than in nature club, science club, etc.
their peers • However, the level of environment
• To have awareness about the cause of citizenship is still not high among
climate change and risk perception students.
• Better able to identify various
environmental issues
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower
all women and girls
Target 5.a - Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic
resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other
forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in
accordance with national laws

Indicator
• 5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total
agricultural population with
ownership or secure rights over
agricultural land, by sex; and
• (b) share of women among owners
or rights-bearers of agricultural land,
by type of tenure. - Tier II
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all
 Current situation
• Water scarcity affects more than
40 percent of people around the
world, and it’s rising.
• Despite that, man is polluting
water faster than nature can
recycle and purify water in rivers
and lakes.
• Excessive use of water and
climate change further
contributes to the global water
stress.
 • In 22 countries, mostly
• In 2015, 29% of the global in the Northern Africa
population lacked safely and Western Asia region
managed drinking water and in the Central and
supplies, and 61% were Southern Asia region,
without safely managed the water stress level is
sanitation services. above 70%, indicating
• In 2015, 892 million people the strong probability of
continued to practice open future water scarcity.
defecation. • In 2017–2018, 157
• In 2015, only 27% of the countries reported
population in LDCs had average implementation
basic handwashing of integrated water
facilities. resources management
of 48%.
 Target 6.1 By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and
affordable drinking water for all

Indicator

• 6.1.1 Proportion of population

using safely managed drinking
water services - Tier II
 Target 6.5 - By 2030, implement integrated water resources management at
all levels, including through transboundary cooperation as appropriate

Indicator
• 6.5.1 Degree of integrated water
resources management
implementation (0-100). -Tier I
• 6.5.2 Proportion of transboundary
basin area with an operational
arrangement for water cooperation.
-Tier I
 Target 6.6 - By 2020, protect and restore water-related ecosystems, including
mountains, forests, wetlands, rivers, aquifers and lakes.

Indicator
• 6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-
related ecosystems over time. -Tier I
Malaysia

• Malaysia already implemented

integrated water resource
management but the degree is yet
to be known.
• Malaysia has over 95% coverage
for treated water and sanitation
facilities at national level in 2015.
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all
 Current situation
• As the global population continues to
rise so will the demand for cheap
energy.
• Between 1990 and 2010, the number of
people with access to electricity has
increased by 1.7 billion
• A global economy reliant on fossil fuels
and the increase of greenhouse gas
emissions is creating drastic changes to
our climate system.
• In 2011 renewable energy accounted for
more than 20% of global power
generated.
• Still one in five people lack access to
electricity, and the demand continues to
rise.
 Target 7.1: By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and
modern energy service

Indicator
• 7.1.2 Proportion of population with
primary reliance on clean fuels and
technology. - Tier I
 Target 7.3 - By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy
efficiency
Indicator
• 7.3.1 Energy intensity measured in
terms of primary energy and GDP. -
Tier I
Malaysia
• 98.2% coverage of 24-hour electricity supply at
national level in 2015.
• The Renewable Energy Act, 2011 implemented
the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) mechanism to
accelerate renewable energy (RE) growth in
Malaysia, and since then RE installed capacity
has grown from 53 megawatts (MW) in 2009
to 243 MW in 2014.
• There’s further 1.5 times increase in renewable
energy installed capacity (2016).
• Renewable energy capacity is expected to
reach 2080MW by 2020, contributing 7.8% of
total installed capacity in Peninsular Malaysia
and Sabah.
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable
economic growth, full and productive employment and
decent work for all
Current situation
• The per capita “material footprint” of
developing countries grew from 5 metric
tons in 2000 to 9 metric tons in 2017,
representing a significant improvement
in the material standard of living.
• For all types of materials, developed
countries have at least double the per
capita footprint of developing countries.
• In particular, the material footprint for
fossil fuels is more than four times higher
for developed than developing countries.
• Should the global population reach 9.6
billion by 2050, the equivalent of almost
three planets could be required to
provide the natural resources needed to
sustain current lifestyles
 Target 8.4 - Improve progressively, through 2030, global resource efficiency in
consumption and production and endeavour to decouple economic growth from
environmental degradation, in accordance with the 10Year Framework of Programmes on
Sustainable Consumption and Production, with developed countries taking the lead

Indicator
• 8.4.1 Material footprint, material
footprint per capita, and material
footprint per GDP. -Tier III
• 8.4.2 Domestic material
consumption, domestic material
consumption per capita, and
domestic material consumption per
GDP. -Tier I
 10Year Framework of Programmes on
Sustainable Consumption and Production
• A global framework for action to • It consists of six programs: Sustainable
enhance international cooperation and Public Procurement, Consumer
accelerate the shift towards Information for SCP, Sustainable Tourism,
sustainable consumption and Sustainable Lifestyles and Education,
production (SCP) patterns in both Sustainable Buildings and Construction,
developed and developing countries. and Sustainable Food Systems.
• It is a collaborative platform to bring
together existing initiatives and
partnerships and facilitate new
projects and activities to accelerate
the shift to sustainable consumption
and production (SCP)
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive
and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Current situation
Target 9.4 - By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make
them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption
of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with
all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
Indicator
• 9.4.1 CO2 emission per unit of value
added. -Tier I
 • Malaysia target to reduce its GHG
Malaysia emissions intensity of GDP by up to 40%
compared to 2005 levels, by 2020 .
• According to RMK-11, by 2030, • MyCarbon pilot programme, where
upgrade infrastructure and industries and private sector voluntarily
retrofit industries to make them report their greenhouse gas emissions
sustainable, with increased and mitigation actions
resource-use efficiency and
greater adoption of clean and
environmentally sound
technologies and industrial
processes, with all countries
taking action in accordance with
their respective capabilities.
• Carbon intensity of economy
reduced by 33% since 2009
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Current situation
• 92% of world population live in place
chronically burdened by high air
pollution, such as particulate matter
(e.g., PM2.5) that is several times
higher than the limits specified by
WHO.
• The air pollution results from a
combination of vehicular emissions,
fossil-fuel burning in power plants and
factories, coal use in homes,
pollutants from heavy industry, and
the burning of crop residues.
• The WHO estimates that air pollution
is implicated in the premature deaths
of 6.5 millions of people each year.
• Often the water supplies are no
better, with untreated household
sewerage and toxic pollutants
released into the waterways.
• Climate change adds enormously
to the urban environmental
stresses, by causing heat waves,
droughts, increased transmission
of urban vector-borne diseases
such as dengue fever, and extreme
precipitation, high-intensity
tropical cyclones and flooding.
• Based on data from 227 cities from
78 countries in 2018, on average,
53 per cent of urban residents in all
regions had convenient access to
public transport, from a low of 18
per cent in sub-Saharan Africa to a
high of 75 per cent in Australia and
New Zealand.
• The proportion of urban residents
who have convenient access to
public transport (living within 500
m walking distance of a bus stop
and within 1,000 m of a railway
and/or ferry terminal) remains
low, particularly in developing
countries.
 Target 11.2 - By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and
sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by
expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in
vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older
persons

Indicator
• 11.2.1 Proportion of population that
has convenient access to public
transport, by sex, age and persons
with disabilities. -Tier II
 Target 11.3 - By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and
capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement
planning and management in all countries

Indicator
• 11.3.1 Ratio of land consumption rate
to population growth rate. -Tier II
• 11.3.2 Proportion of cities with a
direct participation structure of civil
society in urban planning and
management that operate regularly
and democratically. -Tier II
 Target 11.6 - By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of
cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and
other waste management

Indicator
• 11.6.1 Proportion of urban solid waste
regularly collected and with adequate
final discharge out of total urban solid
waste generated, by cities. -Tier II
Indicator
• 11.6.2 Annual mean levels of fine
particulate matter (e.g. PM2.5 and
PM10) in cities (population
weighted). -Tier I
 National Urban Policy
OECD work to support the New Urban Agenda
• National urban policies is an Example of project it supported: Iskandar
essential policy framework for all (Malaysia): Urban Green Growth studies.
governments in order to establish
the connection between the Green Economy
dynamics of urbanisation, • Integrated Green Transportation – eg: high bus
demographic changes and the frequency, flat rat tix, rail and water based
overall process of national transport.
development.
• Green Building and Construction – eg natural
• As of the beginning of 2019, 150 lighting, natural cross ventilation, sensors
countries had developed such
policies, and almost half are • Green Energy System and Renewable Energy –
already implementing them. eg: solar energy, waste treatment technologies
for energy generation
• Low carbon lifestyle: smart travel choices, work
from home, 3R program
Malaysia
To pursue

Green growth
RM429 million of green
government
procurement since 2013.

Four key areas in

pursuing green growth
for
sustainability and
resilience as follows:
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
 Malaysia’s sources and
Current situation consumption of energy (2014)

• Despite technological advances that

have promoted energy efficiency gains,
energy use in OECD countries will
continue to grow another 35% by 2020.
• Commercial and residential energy use
is the second most rapidly growing area
of global energy use after transport.
• Households consume 29% of global
energy and consequently contribute to
21% of resultant CO2 emissions.
• Electricity generated from coal is also
on the rise, and about two thirds of our
electricity still comes from fossil fuels.
• In 2002 the motor vehicle stock in
OECD countries was 550 million
vehicles (75% of which were
personal cars).
• A 32% increase in vehicle
ownership is expected by 2020.
• At the same time, motor vehicle
kilometres are projected to
increase by 40% and global air
travel is projected to triple in the
same period.
12.1 implement the 10-Year Framework of Programs on sustainable
consumption and production (10YFP), all countries taking action, with
developed countries taking the lead, taking into account the development
and capabilities of developing countries

• Indicator
• 12.1.1: Number of countries
with sustainable consumption
and production (SCP) national
action plans or SCP
mainstreamed as a priority or
a target into national policies
 Current situation
• Each year, an estimated one third of all
food produced – equivalent to 1.3 billion
tonnes worth around $1 trillion – ends up
rotting in the bins of consumers and
retailers, or spoiling due to poor
transportation and harvesting practices
• It negatively impact our environment
in a way that it leads to:
• land degradation
• declining soil fertility
• unsustainable water use
• overfishing
• marine environment degradation
which will all lessening the ability of the
natural resource base to supply food in
the future.
Besides, the food sector accounts for
• around 30 per cent of the world’s total
energy consumption
• around 22 per cent of total
Greenhouse Gas emissions
 Target 12.3 - By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and
consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains,
including post-harvest losses
Indicator
• 12.3.1 (a) Global food loss index and
(b) food waste index. -Tier II (a)/ Tier
III (b)
 On food loss: 205.14 metric
Malaysia tonnes of post-harvest
losses for rice, amounting to
7.89% of production or
RM246 million (2016)
In RMK-11, Focus Area C: Modernising agriculture by:
• Strategy C1: Improving productivity and income of farmers by accelerating adoption
of ICT and farming technology, preserving and optimising agricultural land, and
intensifying R&D&C in priority areas.
• Strategy C2: Promoting training and youth agropreneur development through
collaboration across agencies and the private sector to modernise farming
techniques and nurture agribusiness start-ups
• Strategy C3: Strengthening institutional support and extension services by
streamlining extension services and encouraging advisory services from industry and
academia.
• Strategy C4: Building capacity of agricultural cooperatives and associations along the
supply chain by vertically integrating the supply chain for selected crops, enhancing
management skills, and pooling resources for promotion and exports;
• Strategy C5: Improving market access and logistics support by strengthening logistics
and enhancing access to domestic and international marketplaces.
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat
climate change and its impacts
 Current situation
• Greenhouse gas emissions continue to
rise, and are now more than 50%
higher than their 1990 level.
• The year 2017 was one of the three
warmest on record and was 1.1 degrees
Celsius above the pre-industrial period.
• Oceans have warmed, the amounts of
snow and ice have diminished and sea
level has risen.
• From 1901 to 2010, the global average
sea level rose by 19 cm as oceans
expanded.
• The Arctic’s sea ice extent has shrunk in
every successive decade since 1979.
Climate change is
• increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme
weather events such as heat waves, droughts,
floods and tropical cyclones.
• aggravating water management problems.
• reducing agricultural production and food
security.
• increasing health risks.
• damaging infrastructure
• interrupting the provision of basic services such
water and sanitation, education, energy and
transport.
• During the period 1998–2017, direct economic
losses from disasters were estimated at almost $3
trillion.
• Climate-related and geophysical disasters claimed
an estimated 1.3 million lives.
 Target 13.1 - Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related
hazards and natural disasters in all countries

Indicator
• 13.1.1 Number of deaths, missing
persons and directly affected
persons attributed to disasters per
100,000 population. -Tier II
• 13.1.2 Number of countries that
adopt and implement national
disaster risk reduction strategies
in line with the Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-
2030. -Tier I
 Target 13.2 - Integrate climate change measures into national policies,
strategies and planning
Indicator
• 3.2.1 Number of countries that have
communicated the establishment or
operationalization of an integrated
policy/strategy/plan which increases their
ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of
climate change, and foster climate
resilience and low greenhouse gas
emissions development in a manner that
does not threaten food production
(including a national adaptation plan,
nationally determined contribution,
national communication, biennial update
report or other). -Tier III
The Paris Agreement
• The Paris Agreement builds on • The aim is to strengthen the global
the UN Framework Convention response to the threat of climate change
on Climate Change, bringing all by keeping a global temperature rise this
nations into a common cause to century well below 2 degrees Celsius
reduce greenhouse gas above pre-industrial levels and to pursue
emissions rapidly and to efforts to limit the temperature increase
strengthen the ability of even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
countries to build resilience and • Additionally, the agreement aims to
adapt to the impacts of climate strengthen the ability of countries to deal
change, including through with the impacts of climate change
ensuring adequate support for
developing countries. • As of 9 April 2018, 175 Parties had
ratified the Paris Agreement.
Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the
oceans, seas and marine resources for
sustainable development
 Current situation
• Oceans absorb about 30% of the carbon
dioxide produced by humans, and we are
seeing a 26% rise in ocean acidification since
the beginning of the industrial revolution.
• Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority
of which comes from land-based sources, is
reaching alarming levels, with an average of
13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on
every square kilometer of ocean
• Today we are seeing 30 percent of the
world’s fish stocks overexploited, well below
a level at which they can produce
sustainable yields.
Target 14.1 - By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all
kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and
nutrient pollution

Indicator
• 14.1.1 Index of coastal
eutrophication and floating plastic
debris density. -Tier III
Target 14.2 - By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal
ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening
their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve
healthy and productive oceans

Indicator
• 14.2.1 Proportion of national
exclusive economic zones managed
using ecosystem-based approaches.
-Tier III
 Target 14.4 - By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal,
unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement
science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time
feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by
their biological characteristics

Indicator
• 14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks
within biologically sustainable levels.
-Tier I
 Malaysia
Marine protected areas have increased:
• 3.36% marine protected areas (2015), an
increase from 1.05% in 2013
• 63 marine protected areas as a network
of 16,492.92 square kilometres that
provides protection to marine • The Government has an extensive
ecosystems throughout Malaysia network of marine monitoring stations
comprising 151 coastal, 76 estuary and
• Malaysia participates in international 90 island stations that provide data on
transboundary conservation efforts, the state of marine water quality
namely, Coral Triangle Initiatives for
marine life. • National Coastal Erosion Study in 2016
to identify critical erosion areas and
• 2,711hectares of mangroves planted the effects of erosion on economic
from 2005 to 2016 during Mangrove and social activities
Planting Programme
• The National Coastal Zone Physical
Plan has been implemented.
 Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture are
being encouraged
• The use of trawl nets was • Good Agriculture Practice (MyGAP)
prohibited in Zone B (8–15 certification to promote
nautical miles) fishing areas sustainable aquaculture practices
with the introduction of a new
• Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries standard and guideline.
Management (EAFM) to improve
income, livelihoods and food
security in coastal communities
through new sustainable coastal
fisheries and poverty reduction
initiatives by 2020
Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable
use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage
forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse
land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
 Provide food
and natural
fibres
Fix and circulate Forests,
nutrients to grasslands and
maintain fertile wetlands clean
soils. our air and water.

Ecosystem
services to
human
Control Regulate our
flooding. climate.

Provide
pollinators Manage pests
for our and diseases.
crops.
 Current situation
Human drivers impact severely on
biodiversity, deforestation and land
degradation – agriculture being the
most significant, in particular land and
feed-crops for cattle, and commodity
crops: soy, maize, palm oil, rice and
sugar cane.
• 30% of mammal, bird and amphibian
species at risk of extinction due to
human drivers.
• A loss in diversity of food species
increases the vulnerability of our
food systems to climate change.
 Target 15.1 - By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable
use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in
particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations
under international agreements

Indicator
• 15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of
total land area. -Tier I
• 15.1.2 Proportion of important sites
for terrestrial and freshwater
biodiversity that are covered by
protected areas, by ecosystem type.
-Tier I
 Target 15.3 - By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil,
including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to
achieve a land degradation-neutral world

Indicator
• 15.3.1 Proportion of land that is
degraded over total land area Tier II
Target 15.5 - Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of
natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and
prevent the extinction of threatened species

Indicator
• 15.5.1 Red List Index Tier I

Malaysia:
1236 species in Malaysia are in Red List
Index.
Initiative: Tapir Conservation Action
Plan for Malaysia, Tiger Conservation
Action Plan (2013-2020) and National
Elephant Action Plan (2013-2020) are
being implemented.
 Malaysia
• 23,264 hectares of forested areas
have been declared as Permanent
Reserved Forest under the Central
Forest Spine initiative, helping to
sustain Malaysia’s natural
endowment.
• Maintained 55.2% forest cover and
12.1% as terrestrial protected areas
• 1640 ha covered for reforestation
under RMK 11 with RM 100million
allocation.
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice
for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels
 Target 16.8 - Broaden and strengthen the participation of developing
countries in the institutions of global governance

Malaysia

Indicator
• 16.8.1 Proportion of members and
voting rights of developing countries
in international organisations. -Tier I
Goal 17. Strengthen the means of
implementation and revitalise the Global
Partnership for Sustainable Development
 Target 17.7 - Promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion
of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable
terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed

Indicator
• 17.7.1 Total amount of approved
funding for developing countries to
promote the development, transfer,
dissemination and diffusion of
environmentally sound
technologies. -Tier III
Malaysia
• Shared development experience
with 31,000 participants from
142 countries through Malaysian
Technical Cooperation
Programme (2016);

• Strong partner in the

implementation of ASEAN
Economic Community
In conclusion
• There are 7.7 billions people on earth today.
• Building a world that can safely and humanely sustain billions of
people and the environment are perhaps the greatest challenge that
humanity has ever faced.
• To start, we should focus on fundamentally changing three essential
systems: food, energy and waste.
• These transformations will not be easy, but they will offer enormous
opportunities for those who are ready to seize them.
• What’s at stake is life, and society, as the majority of us know it and
enjoy it today.
 References
• Academy of Sciences Malaysia (2015). Carbon free energy : roadmap for Malaysia
• Asian Development Bank (2019) Asian development outlook 2019. Strengthening disaster resilience
• Government of Malaysia (2017). Sustainable Development Goals. Voluntary National Review 2017.
High-level Political Forum.
• International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (2018). Transformations to Achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals. Report prepared by The World in 2050 initiative
• Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water (2017) Green Technology Master Plan 2017-2030.
• United Nations Environment Programme (2019) Measuring Progress Towards achieving the
environmental dimension of the SDGs.
• United Nations Environment Programme (2016) Geo-6 global environment outlook Asia and the
Pacific.
• International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (2019). International Institute for Applied Systems
Analysis
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2016) Global Education Monitoring
Report Education for people and planet.
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization (n.a). Promoting climate resilient industry.
• UTM-Low Carbon Asia Research Center (2013). Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia
2025 .
THANK YOU!

© United Nations Development Programme 111