Mar|e Cur|e
8|ography
Mar|e Cur|e oe Marla Sklodowska was born ln Warsaw on november 7 1867 Lhe daughLer of
a secondaryschool Leacher She recelved a general educaLlon ln local schools and some sclenLlflc
Lralnlng from her faLher She became lnvolved ln a sLudenLs revoluLlonary organlzaLlon and found lL
prudenL Lo leave Warsaw Lhen ln Lhe parL of oland domlnaLed by 8ussla for Cracow whlch aL LhaL
Llme was under AusLrlan rule ln 1891 she wenL Lo arls Lo conLlnue her sLudles aL Lhe Sorbonne where
she obLalned LlcenclaLeshlps ln hyslcs and Lhe MaLhemaLlcal Sclences She meL lerre Curle rofessor
ln Lhe School of hyslcs ln 1894 and ln Lhe followlng year Lhey were marrled She succeeded her
husband as Pead of Lhe hyslcs LaboraLory aL Lhe Sorbonne galned her uocLor of Sclence degree ln
1903 and followlng Lhe Lraglc deaLh of lerre Curle ln 1906 she Look hls place as rofessor of Ceneral
hyslcs ln Lhe laculLy of Sclences Lhe flrsL Llme a woman had held Lhls poslLlon She was also appolnLed
ulrecLor of Lhe Curle LaboraLory ln Lhe 8adlum lnsLlLuLe of Lhe unlverslLy of arls founded ln 1914
Contr|but|ons
@he dlscovery of radloacLlvlLy by Penrl 8ecquerel ln 1896 lnsplred Lhe Curles ln Lhelr brllllanL
researches and analyses whlch led Lo Lhe lsolaLlon of polonlum named afLer Lhe counLry of Marles
blrLh and radlum Mme Curle developed meLhods for Lhe separaLlon of radlum from radloacLlve
resldues ln sufflclenL quanLlLles Lo allow for lLs characLerlzaLlon and Lhe careful sLudy of lLs properLles
LherapeuLlc properLles ln parLlcular
Mme Curle quleL dlgnlfled and unassumlng was held ln hlgh esLeem and admlraLlon by
sclenLlsLs LhroughouL Lhe world She was a member of Lhe Consell du hyslque Solvay from 1911 unLll
her deaLh and slnce 1922 she had been a member of Lhe CommlLLee of lnLellecLual CooperaLlon of Lhe
League of naLlons Per work ls recorded ln numerous papers ln sclenLlflc [ournals and she ls Lhe auLhor
of ecbetcbes sot les 5obstooces oJlooctlves (1904)llsotople et les lmeots lsotopes and Lhe
classlc 1tolt Je oJlooctlvlt (1910)
Source http]]wwwnobe|pr|zeorg]nobe|_pr|zes]phys|cs]|aureates]1903]mar|ecur|eb|ohtm|
DANILL 8LkNCULLI
8|ography
uanlel 8ernoulll was Lhe son of !ohann 8ernoulll a maLhemaLlclan and hls broLher nlcolaus and
hls uncle !acob were also maLhemaLlclans uanlel was senL Lo 8asel unlverslLy aL Lhe age of 13 Lo sLudy
phllosophy and loglc uanlel really wanLed Lo sLudy maLhemaLlcs and durlng hls Llme Lhere he was
learnlng calculus from hls faLher and hls older broLher Pls faLher lnslsLed he Lake up a Lrade and senL
uanlel back Lo 8asel unlverslLy Lo sLudy medlclne uanlel compleLed hls docLoraLe ln medlclne ln 1720
wrlLlng hls docLoral dlsserLaLlon on Lhe mechanlcs of breaLhlng
Contr|but|ons
Pe sLudled vlbraLlng sysLems showlng LhaL Lhe movemenLs of sLrlngs of muslcal lnsLrumenLs are
composed of an lnflnlLe number of harmonlc vlbraLlons all superlmposed on Lhe sLrlng Pe also
produced an lmporLanL work on probablllLy and pollLlcal economy
undoubLedly Lhe mosL lmporLanL work whlch uanlel 8ernoulll dld whlle ln SL eLersburg was hls
work on hydrodynamlcs a Lerm he lnvenLed @hls work conLalns for Lhe flrsL Llme Lhe correcL analysls of
waLer flowlng from a hole ln a conLalner @hls was based on Lhe prlnclple of conservaLlon of energy
whlch he had sLudled wlLh hls faLher ln 1720 uanlel also dlscussed pumps and oLher machlnes Lo ralse
waLer Pe also dlscussed Lhe basls for Lhe klneLlc Lheory of gases Pe was able Lo glve Lhe baslc laws for
Lhe Lheory of gases and gave Lhe equaLlon of sLaLe dlscovered by van der Waals a cenLury laLer
uanlel 8ernoulll was much honoured ln hls own llfeLlme Pe was elecLed Lo mosL of he leadlng
sclenLlflc socleLles of hls day lncludlng Lhose ln 8ologna SL eLersburg 8erlln arls London 8ern
@urln Zurlch and Mannhelm
Source http]]www2stetsonedu]efr|edma]per|od|ctab|e]htm|]8htm|
ICnANNLS VAN DLk WAALS
8|ography
!ohannes ulderlk van der Waals was born ln Lelden Lhe neLherlands ln 1837 @he son of a
carpenLer he was noL afforded Lhe advanLages LhaL some of hls conLemporarles en[oyed Lacklng
knowledge of classlcal languages he was barred from Laklng hls academlc examlnaLlons aL Lhe
unlverslLy of Lelden lnsLead he conLlnued hls sLudles ln hls spare Llme beLween uuLch physlclsLs
!ohannes ulderlk van der Waals (rlghL) reclplenL of Lhe 1910 nobel rlze ln physlcs for hls work on Lhe
equaLlon of sLaLe for gases and llqulds
1862 and 1863 he was evenLually obLalnlng Leachlng cerLlflcaLes ln boLh maLhemaLlcs and
physlcs ln 1864 he was appolnLed as a Leacher aL a secondary school ln uevenLer ln 1866 he moved Lo
@he Pague flrsL as a Leacher and Lhen as a dlrecLor of one of Lhe secondary schools Lhere
Contr|but|ons
ln Lhls LreaLlse he showed how 8oyles law can very readlly be derlved on Lhe assumpLlon
LhaL a gas conslsLs of maLerlal polnLs whlch move aL hlgh veloclLy (van der Waals @he LquaLlon of
SLaLe of Cases and Llqulds) @hls LreaLlse was a revelaLlon as lL derlved Lhe ldeal gas law from flrsL
prlnclples and framed lL ln Lerms of aLoms and molecules
van der Waals found experlmenLally derlved consLanLs LhaL allowed hlm Lo modlfy Lhe ldeal gas law Lo
Lake lnLo accounL real aLoms Pls equaLlon of sLaLe
( + a / v 2 )( v - b ) 8@
has subsequenLly been modlfled Lo lnclude Avogadros number buL lL was crlLlcal Lo sclenLlsLs
flrsL sLeps ln undersLandlng aLoms and molecules
Source http]]wwwchem|stryexp|a|nedcom]1eVa]vanderWaa|sIohanneshtm|
Slr !ames Chadwlck (1891 1974)
8|ography
!ames Chadwlck was born on CcLober 20 1891 ln Cheshlre Lngland Pe graduaLed from
ManchesLer unlverslLys Ponours School of hyslcs ln 1911 and spenL Lhe nexL Lwo years worklng on
varlous radloacLlvlLy problems ln Lhe hyslcal LaboraLory ln ManchesLer earnlng a MSc degree ln 1913
as well as Lhe 1831 LxhlblLlon Scholarshlp whlch allowed hlm Lo conLlnue hls research and move Lo
8erlln Lo work wlLh rofessor Pans Celger
Contr|but|ons
ln 1932 Chadwlck proved Lhe exlsLence of neuLrons preparlng Lhe way Lowards Lhe flsslon of
uranlum 233 and Lhe creaLlon of Lhe aLomlc bomb Pe was awarded Lhe Pughes Medal of Lhe 8oyal
SocleLy ln 1932 and subsequenLly Lhe nobel rlze for hyslcs ln 1933 ln LhaL same year he was elecLed
Lo Lhe Lyon !ones Chalr of hyslcs aL Lhe unlverslLy of Llverpool
lrom 1943 Lo 1946 Chadwlck worked ln Lhe unlLed SLaLes as Pead of Lhe 8rlLlsh Mlsslon
collaboraLlng wlLh Lhe ManhaLLan ro[ecL ln Los Alamos and became a leadlng advocaLe for developlng
Lhe aLomlc bomb ln 8rlLaln Lhe predomlnanL sclenLlsL assoclaLed wlLh Lhe efforL Pe reLurned Lo
Cambrldge ln 1948 servlng as MasLer of Convllle and Calus College unLll he reLlred ln 1939 Pe acLed as
parLLlme member of Lhe unlLed klngdom ALomlc Lnergy AuLhorlLy from 1937 Lo 1962
knlghLed by klng Ceorge vl ln 1943 Chadwlck had many papers publlshed on Lhe Loplc of
radloacLlvlLy and connecLed problems Along wlLh Lord 8uLherford and Cu Lllls he ls coauLhor of Lhe
book 8adlaLlons from 8adloacLlve SubsLances (1930) Pe dled ln 1974
Sourcehttp]]wwwatom|carch|vecom]8|os]Chadw|ckshtm|
au|o Campos
8|ography
Campos was born ln uasmarlnas CavlLe Pls parenLs were Leachers and hls younger
broLher !ose Campos would grow up Lo become a promlnenL law professor and an AssoclaLe !usLlce of
Lhe hlllpplne Supreme CourL
Pavlng graduaLed as valedlcLorlan of hls elemenLary and hlgh school class Campos enrolled aL
Lhe unlverslLy of Lhe hlllpplnes ln 1940 Pe obLalned hls medlcal degree ln 1943 and Lopped Lhe
medlcal board exams of Lhe followlng year Campos Look resldency aL Lhe hlllpplne Ceneral
PosplLal and [olned Lhe faculLy of Lhe u College of Medlclne
Contr|but|ons
O CbservaLlon of Some arameLer of lnsulln AcLlon
O Cr31 @agged 8ed Cell SLudles
O @he CeneLlc lacLor ln Lndemlc ColLer
O aulo Campos bullL Lhe flrsL radlolsoLope laboraLory ln Lhe hlllpplnes
Sources
http]]enw|k|ped|aorg]w|k|]au|o_Campos
http]]|nventorsaboutcom]od]f|||p|nosc|ent|sts]p]au|o_Camposhtm
