SIKOLOHIYANG

PILIPINO
PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS PSYCHOLOGY

Presented by: Aves, Atasha Camille T.

Moral, Donalyn V.
Operio, Marjorie C.
Torrechiva, Arabella Mae P.
WHAT IS SIKOLOHIYANG
PILIPINO?
It is an Indigenous Psychology

The scientific study of the ethnicity, society and culture of a

people and the application to psychological practice of indigenous
knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic heritage and
consciousness.

Filipino psychology (Sikolohiyang Pilipino in Filipino) is the scientific

study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and
cultural orientation of the Filipinos.

Sikolohiyang Filipino is anchored on Filipino thought and

experience as understood from a Filipino perspective (Enriquez,
1975).
PSYCHOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
It refers to a series of events related to the field
of psychology in the Philippines (e.g. number of
degree programs and journals, the amount of
research conducted) ang pinakamalaki o
kabuuang anyo ng sikolohiya sa kontekstong
Pilipino.
Basic Tenets and Principles in
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
CORE VALUE OR KAPWA
(SHARED INNER SELF)
Kapwa has two categories: Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang Tao.

Ibang Tao (outsider)

There are five interaction levels under this category:

Pakikitungo: civility - right behavior meant right

demeanor towards authorities (Parents, Elders, etc.).
Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing - This is a social value that
is primarily communitarian. It espouses the ability to
adapt.
Pakikilahok: act of joining - This translates to
participation of the entire community to help a person.
CORE VALUE OR KAPWA
(SHARED INNER SELF)

Pakikibagay: conformity - This runs into conflict with

individuality which many Filipinos in fact willingly throw
away in favor of conformity with demands of those who
are in charge.
Pakikisama: being united with the group.
Hindi Ibang Tao (one-of-us)
There are three interaction levels under this category:

Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of mutual trust

Pakikisangkot: act of joining others
Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others
 PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE

Pakiramdam: Shared inner perceptions.

Filipinos use damdam, or the inner
perception of others' emotions, as a basic
tool to guide their dealings with other
people.
LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE

Kagandahang-Loob: Shared humanity. This refers to being

able to help other people in dire need due to a perception
of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity.
Accommodative surface values
Hiya: Loosely translated as 'shyness' by most Western
psychologists, Hiya is actually 'sense of propriety'.
Utang na loob: Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are
expected by their neighbors to return favors—whether
these were asked for or not—when it is needed or
wanted.
Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal
Relationship, or SIR, as coined by Lynch (1961 and 1973).
This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the
majority.
Confrontative surface values
Bahala_na: Bahala Na translates literally as "leave it up to
God (Bathala)" and it is used as an expression, almost
universally, in Filipino culture. Filipinos engage in the bahala
na attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping
strategy when faced with challenging situations.
Lakas ng loob: This attitude is characterized by being
courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties.
Pakikibaka: Literally in English, it means concurrent clashes.
It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions
and uprisings against a common enemy
 Societal Values
Karangalan: Loosely translated to dignity, this actually refers to what
other people see in a person and how they use that information to
make a stand or judge about his/her worth.
Puri: the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people
judge a person of his/her worth. This compels a common Filipino to
conform to social norms, regardless how obsolete they are.
Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person
judges his own worth.
Katarungan: Loosely translated to justice, this actually refers to equity
in giving rewards to a person.
Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash with the less
important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity).
Philippine Psychology and Psychology in the Philippine
Origin of Psychology in the Philippines: Psychology as an academic discipline in the Philippines
began in the early 1900s during the U.S. colonization, largely following the Western model.

Nationalism and Turning Point: In the early 1970s, during a period marked by nationalism due
to the declaration of Martial Law, there was a realization among Filipino scholars about the
need for a psychology that reflected the experiences and perspectives of Filipinos.

Virgilio Enriquez and Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Virgilio Enriquez, considered the father of
Philippine Psychology, was a recent Ph.D. graduate from Northwestern University in the U.S. His
Western education made him recognize the necessity of developing a psychology rooted in
Filipino experiences. Together with colleagues Prospero Covar, Zeus Salazar, and Alfredo
Lagmay, he laid the foundation for Sikolohiyang Pilipino.

Research and Establishment: Enriquez and Lagmay conducted research into the historical and
cultural roots of Philippine Psychology, identifying indigenous concepts and approaches. This
culminated in the first national conference on Filipino Psychology, where Sikolohiyang Pilipino's
ideas and concepts were formally articulated.
Sikolohiyang Pilipino in the University of the Philippines

Upon Virgilio Enriquez's return to the Philippines from the United

States, he and a few colleagues began translating foreign
psychology articles into Filipino.
Students were strongly encouraged to write their papers in Filipino
instead of English, which was the traditional medium of instruction
at the University of the Philippines.
Initially, the use of Filipino in teaching psychology faced challenges
such as the lack of materials and technical vocabulary. Solutions
included translations, compiling local materials, and adapting words
from local dialects. However, sometimes technical terms had to be
retained due to the lack of suitable Filipino equivalents.
 Sikolohiyang Pilipino in the University of the Philippines
Despite challenges, using Filipino in teaching psychology had observable benefits:

Better rapport between teachers and students

A more relaxed classroom atmosphere
Increased confidence among students in expressing opinions, thoughts, and experiences
Introduction of a Filipino perspective into the course, including the discovery of
indigenous concepts
Broader scope of topics with the inclusion of information from local materials and
experiences

Class discussions became more concrete and relevant to Philippine reality, making
psychology intimately connected to everyday life.

The birth of Sikolohiyang Pilipino marked the development of psychology with a Filipino
orientation, emphasizing the importance of incorporating Filipino culture and
experiences into psychological studies.
♡ From the beginning of the periods when the Philippines was colonized by Spain, and
then USA, academic psychology, or the psychology taught in schools, was predominantly
Western in theory and in methodology

♡ In the 1960s, many Filipino scholars and intellectuals were already sensitive to both
inadequacy as well as the unfairness of the Western-oriented approaches to psychology.

♡ It was in early 1970’s, Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez returned to the Philippines from North
Western University, USA with a PhD. in Social Psychology and lost no time in introducing
the concept of Sikolohiyang Filipino (Filipino Psychology).

♡ The research included identifying indigenous concepts and approaches in Philippine

psychology and developing creativity and inventiveness among Filipinos

■ Filipino Psychology
■ Panukat ng Ugali (Measure of Character and Personality) 1975
FIELDS IN SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO

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♤ The Academic-philosophical
♤ The academic-scientific psychology: The Western (mainly
psychology: The western clerical)
(Sikolohiyang akademik-siyentopiko: Sikolohiyang akademiko-pilosopikal
kaunlaraning tradisyon)
- This was pursued by the University of
- Wilhelm Wundt, this coincides with the Sto. Tomas and later other schools of
birth of scientific psychology the higher learning, under the leadership of
(German tradition) in 1876, and the entry individual monks and preachers and
of Western psychology (mainly American Jesuits. The study of psychology as an
tradition) at the University of the aspect of philosophy continued in the
Philippines (1908) and other schools tradition of Thomasic philosophy and
psychology
♤ Ethnic psychology:
Sikolohiyang katutubo

♡ Indigenous psychology: kinagisnan and katutubong sikolohiya.

The subconscious psychology imbedded in the native language, art, music, culture and
religion (one has been born into; unaware). e.g. kaluluwa at ginhawa

♡ Psychology of Filipinos - perceived ethnic traits, as observed by foreigners or

as felt and expressed by Filipinos.
Psychology worked out by Filipinos with indigenous elements as basis (innate to the
Filipino)

♡ The practice of psychology by Filipinos - techniques of enculturation, socialization. -

based on mainly Western system of thought

○ Techniques of enculturation/socialization
○ Proto-clinical practice
 ♤ Psycho-medical: Religion
Sikomedikal na relihiyon

cohesive element and explanation.

(1565) Babaylan or Catalonan techniques of
healing; disease theory, causation, therapy.
(1650) Messianic movements
(1730) Herbolaryo
(1900) Espiritista
 Sikolohiyang Pilipino and
Philippine Social Sciences
(Agham-tao; Pilipinolohiya at Pantayong
Pananaw)

What is Philippine Social Science?

The Philippine Social Science Council (PSSC) is a Member Organization of

ISC. The Philippine Social Science Council is a non-governmental
organization which aims to support social scientists in the Philippines to
increase the impact of their work and to connect with other scholars.
 Sikolohiyang Pilipino and
Philippine Social Sciences
(Agham-tao; Pilipinolohiya at Pantayong
Pananaw)

How social science started in the Philippines?

The Philippine social sciences emerged as specialized disciplines
with the establishment of academic departments in the early
American colonial period. ‘Patterned after American universities, the
social science departments in the country were created in different
years.
Anthropology, Economics, Political Sciences, Psychology, Sociology
 Sikolohiyang Pilipino and
Philippine Social Sciences
(Agham-tao; Pilipinolohiya at Pantayong
Pananaw)

Pilipinolohiya (Filipinology)
Philippine studies refers to the study of the Philippines and the
Filipino people. Belinda A. Aquino, former director of the Center for
Philippines Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, define
Philippines Studies as “studies of Philippine culture and society,
which started in the early 1900s when the Philippines became a
colony of the United States
 Sikolohiyang Pilipino and
Philippine Social Sciences
(Agham-tao; Pilipinolohiya at Pantayong
Pananaw)

Pantayong Pananaw (The “We” Perspective)

Is defined as a method of acknowledging the history and
development of the nation based on the “internal
interconnectedness and linking of characteristics, values,
knowledge, wisdom ,aspirations, practices, behaviors and
experiences as a unified whole is a unity that is framed by and
expressed in a single language; that is, within an autonomous, self-
directed discourse of progress and civilization
 Sikolohiyang Pilipino and
Philippine Social Sciences
(Agham-tao; Pilipinolohiya at Pantayong
Pananaw)

Agham -Tao (Anthropology)

Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior and
societies in the past and present. Social anthropology studies
patterns of behaviour and cultural anthropology studies cultural
meaning, including norms and values. Linguistic anthropology
studies how language influences social life. Biological or physical
anthropology studies the biological development of humans.
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