OBJECTIVES
Explain importance of the control
of microbial growth.
Describe some physical methods
to control microbial growth
Define the terms i.e. sterilization,
macrobiotic, microbicidal, etc
PHYSICAL AGENTS
Mechanism of killing Apparatus for that
action particular method
Applications
OR
Items on which this method
can be used
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HIGH TEMPERATURE
MOIST HEAT DRY HEAT
Which one is more
Effective & why?
1. Direct flaming
1. Autoclaving 2. Incineration
2. Boiling 3. Hot air sterilization
3. Pasteurization
MOIST HEAT
( high temperature + high pressure )
METHODS OF MOIST HEAT
AUTOCLAVING BOILING PASTEURIZATION
1. Mechanism of killing
action
2. Apparatus for that
particular method
3. Applications
OR
Items on which this method
can be used
METHODS OF DRY HEAT
DIRECT FLAMING HOT AIR STERILIZATION INCINERATON
1. Mechanism of killing
action
2. Apparatus for that
particular method
3. Applications
OR
Items on which this method
can be used
METHODS OF LOW TEMPERATURE
REFRIGERATION DEEP FREEZING LYOPHILIZATION
1. Mechanism of killing
action
2. Apparatus for that
particular method
3. Applications
OR
Items on which this method
can be used
CONTROL OF
MICRORGANISMS
BY RADIATION
IONIZING RADIATIONS
(gamma rations & NON IONIZING RADIATIONS
high energy electron (UV rays)
beam)
1. Mechanism of killing
action
2. Apparatus for that
particular method
3. Applications
OR
Items on which this method
can be used
CONTROL OF
MICRORGANISMS
BY OTHER METHODS
FILTRATION DESSICATION pH OSMOTIC PRESSURE
1. Mechanism of killing
action
2. Apparatus for that
particular method
3. Applications
OR
Items on which this method
can be used
Control of microorganisms by chemical Agents
Chemical Agents Mechanism of action Applications
1. Phenol & Disruption of plasma Rarely used as
Phenolic: membrane, disinfectant
a. Phenol Denaturation,
inactivation of enzymes Environment surfaces
b. Phenolic Same as above ,instruments
Control of microorganisms by chemical Agents
2. Halogens:
a. Chlorine Chlorine forms the Disinfection of water
strong oxidizing agent & bleach
(hypochlorus acid) which (hypochlorus acid) is
alters the cellular used as a very
components. effective disinfectant
in the hospital area,
in the dairy industry
b. Iodine Inhibit protein function & in daily life.
& is a strong oxidizing Tincture of iodine,
agent. pyodine & iodophore
as antiseptic.
c. Fluorine Oxidizing agent Used in tooth paste
& mouth washes
Control of microorganisms by chemical Agents
3. Alcohols: (ethanol & Denaturation & lipid dissolution ( Thermometer & other
isopropanol ) bactericidal & fungicidal but not instrument , swabbing the
effective against enveloped skin before injection ,
viruses)
4. Heavy Metals: Denaturation of enzymes & other -Silver nitrate may be use to
proteins prevent gonococcal eye
infection*
-Mercurochrome disinfect
skin & mucus membrane
- Copper sulfate is an
algicide
5. Surface active agents: Removal of microorganisms by Skin degerming
( Soap & detergent ) mechanical action.
6. Gaseous sterilants Denaturation Excellent sterilizing agent ,
( Ethylene oxide ) especially for heat sensitive
objects
GROUP ACTIVITY
• Select a physical method to control the
growth of organisms in given samples.
• Give reason for your selection
• Name the apparatus which will be used in
this method
• What will be the mechanism of killing in
your selected method
