REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE-FOREIGN

FOREIGN
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to
Planning and Designing) Master Planning and Designing) Master Planning and Designing)
The master planning should include plot location, WDS design typically involves conventional intervention The conventional drainage system is Around half of the Mekong Delta’s rural Modified septic tank treatment system is a
circulation, housing location and crossroads, options (new pipes, pipe duplication, replacement or mainly a single-objective oriented design population lacks year-round access to simple means of treating domestic
refurbishment, addition of pumps and / or tanks, etc.) that
connection between residential areas and parks, increase the capacity of the system to meet the consumers’
with its focus on water quantity control. clean water. In combi-nation with wastewater using the treatment mechanisms
composition, and proper house-facing direction. need. Water demand management (DM) interventions that Today’s drainage solutions also highlight inadequate hygiene and poor sanitation such as anaerobic digestion and disinfection.
[Link] increase supply and / or reduce water demand locally at the need to embrace more deliberately the this creates a high risk of diseases. Domestic wastewater is the water that has
net/publication/330541129_Influence_of_Master_Pl house (or group of houses) level have recently received other important aspects in urban water Microcredit schemes are a popular been used by a community and which
an_Designs_on_Housing_Project_Purchase_Decisi attention. [Link] management, such as runoff quality, visual element in addressing such problems on contains all the materials added to the water
Innocent Basupi (2013)
ons_in_Bangkok_Metropolitan_Areas_Published_in amenity, recreational value, ecological the global policy level. The present paper during its use. It is thus composed of human
_International_Journal_of_Building_Urban_Interior_ protection and multiple water uses. Water analyses the contradictory results of such body wastes (faeces and urine) together with
and_Landscape_Technology_BUILT_11_43- K. quality has become increasingly significant a microcredit programme for rural water the water used for flushing toilets, and
Tochaiwat, et al. (2018) in the design of urban drainage as a result supply and sanitation in the context of the sullage, which is the wastewater resulting
of a wider political recognition of Mekong Delta, Vietnam, through a from personal washing, laundry, food
sustainability. [Link] qualitative study primarily based on semi- preparation and the cleaning of kitchen
4441/6/4/976? structured interviews in rural communes of utensils. This research was focused on the
fbclid=IwAR0IpROG5V4tuWRj0oK_hTXdk Can Tho City. Author: Nadine Reis & Peter capability of this modified septic tank system
W1dRqPSvZOJ16wwptkuqgpxGeFbxXIP3 Mollinga (2012) SOurce: [Link] in removing the pollutants. Author: Rrtu Anil
Qk Qianqian Zhou (2014) uk/reader/17185196 & Neera Anand Lali (2016) Source: https:
//[Link].
net/publication/305109844_Modified_Septic_
Tank_Treatment_System
Reducing water demand can also be achieved by The water supply distribution system for a Urban centers depend on water and Surface water bodies, which are sources of A septic system is a self-contained,
controlling other aspects that are not directly related particular town is often energy inputs to function properly. The drinking water supply, receive a significant underground wastewater treatment system.
towater, but which are equally important. This can designed using Epanet or Water cad software. In treatment and final disposal of liquid and amount of pollution from wastewater. This A typical onsite (occurring at the same
be achieved, for example, by controlling the process, the pipe sizes that are solid wastes are still challenging the public negatively affects the ecological condition vicinity where waste is produced) septic
demographicgrowth, increasing the efficiency of the available in market selected and assigned by trial- health and public works agencies of the of water resources and poses a threat to system consists of two main parts; a septic
use of goods that consume water (in particular food and-error method to meet the design majority of urban centers, primarily in the the health and sanitary well-being of the tank that is followed by another treatment
products) intheir production processes and supply criteria. This method is very tedious and developing world. Water supply, sanitation, population. The main pollutants of surface stage that in many cases is a subsurface soil
chains, promoting appropriate land use planning, or consumes much time and results in un wastewater treatment, storm water sources are: sewage of economic-fecal absorption system. The treatment
attenuating theeffects of climate change on water optimized pipe size. In addition it cannot be able to drainage, and solid waste management and industrial sewage, which contain performance is based on providing sufficient
through adequate mitigation and adaptation obtain economical pipe size that have been planned and delivered largely organic pollutants, surfactants, heavy hydraulic residence time for the wastewater
measures. William J. Cosgrove and Daniel P. simultaneously satisfies the design criteria as isolated services. Commonly a range of metal ions; oil products coming from that is long enough in the tank to allow for
Loucks. (2015) [Link] (constraints). [Link] authorities, each guided by distinct policies industrial sites and urban areas; effluents separation of solids from liquids. To enhance
com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2014WR016869 /bitstream/handle/123456789/15850/Gezahegn% and pieces of legislation, continue to from livestock farms and storage ponds of the solids separation process, the tank can
[Link]?sequence=1&isAllowed=y oversee these water subsectors at the city production waste; washing of mineral be designed with a 2- or 3- chamber
Gezahegn Hailemariam (2018) level. William J. Cosgrove and Daniel P. fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural configuration. [Link]
Loucks. (2015) [Link] lands. Adjustment of surface springs net/publication/331460346_Septic_Systems
[Link]/doi/epdf/10. additionally affects the deterioration of Anthony Ayodeji Adegoke, Thor Axel
1002/2014WR016869 water quality in them. Therefore, existing Stenstrom (2019)[Link]
water treatment technologies may not net/publication/331460346_Septic_Systems
always provide the required degree of
drinking water purification. According to
monitoring studies, more than 38% of
water samples taken at centralized water
supply facilities did not meet regulatory
requirements. This situation encourages
the search for ways that would create
conditions for more efficient operation of
water supply systems. [Link]
researchgate.
net/publication/357135240_MODERNIZAT
ION_OF_WATER_SUPPLY_SYSTEMS_F
ROM_SURFACE_SOURCES Victor
Khoruzhy (2021)
The main purpose of Master Planning is to A water supply system is a complex infrastructure for The main function of an irrigationand In Canada, most of RWH systems are for Two innovative modified septic tank systems
synchronize the flow of materials along the entire the extraction, treatment, storage, and distribution of drainage water system is to drain, convey residential use in rural areas, where there were designed as stand-alone technologies
supply chain. Master Planning supports mid-term water. A water supply system is constructed, operated, and store rainwater through a network of is no access to central public water supply to treat domestic wastewater. Configurations
decisions on the efficient utilization of production, and maintained by water utilities which can be a public proprietary artificial canals and detention systems. In cities, most cases relate to with and without attached growth media were
or privately-owned entity. The water is generally taken
transport, supply capacities, seasonal stock as well basins. Whereas urbanization and climate buildings that have been certified evaluated and demonstrated significant
from different sources (i.e., surface water and ground
as on the balancing of supply and demand. As a water); it is treated to an acceptable level, and then
changeenhance the risks and magnitude according to one of the green building treatment capacities with 95–98% BOD and
result of this synchronization, production and delivered to consumers within an appropriate time, with of flooding, drainage provides an essential rating systems, in which the reuse of 92–98% TSS removal observed at hydraulic
distribution entities are able to reduce their continuity and at the required pressure. Depending on service to both rural and urban areas and rainwater and the reduction of runoff were retention times ranging from 2.6 to 4.4 days.
inventory levels. Without centralized Master the water source and topography of the system, water activities. (Mahmoud & Gan, 2018; Zhou et taken into account. Since 2010, the Significant nitrogen removal of 59% was
Planning, larger buffers are required in order to can be transported through gravity, or pumping, or al., 2019). Author: B. Guidani*, R. Accorsi, National Plumbing Code has been in force, observed in the attached growth system at
ensure a continuous flow of material. Coordinated combination of both. [Link] G. Lupi, R. Manzini, M. Ronzoni Source: which permits the use of rainwater for toilet 2.6 d HRT, while results varied between 26–
master plans provide the ability to reduce these ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1. (Mahmoud & Gan, 2018; Zhou et al., and urinal flushing, as well as subsurface 33% removal at higher loading rates and
safety buffers by decreasing the variance of 0378457 Shahnawaz Khan (2019) 2019). Author: B. Guidani*, R. Accorsi, G. irrigation. In addition, it permits the use of between 0–29% in the suspended growth
production and distribution quantities. [Link] Lupi, R. Manzini, M. Ronzoni Source: rainwater, both indoor and outdoor, configuration. Effluent quality met secondary
[Link]/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-55309- [Link] depending on the level of treatment. RWH wastewater quality criteria as well as the
7_8 -Martin Albrecht, Jens Rohde & Michael com/science/article/pii/S240589632202214 is mandatory for new homes in Jordanian standard for wastewater reuse for
Wagner (2014) 5?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR- Queensland. In Ontario, several all parameters except for E. coli, where
2&rr=77c7b041a89cbc51&fbclid=IwAR2qJ municipalities recognize RWH as an further disinfection is required. Corrugated
- important tool for confronting problems plastic fixed growth media showed a slight
bVrTj1d5HW2ux743dWLFwn3eVMqkjgI3y arising from the management of water improvement in system performance over the
0bpUOggbFRJyUOqR17Dk resources. The City of Toronto and the suspended growth alternative. This study
Regional Municipality of Waterloo have revealed that the modified septic tank system
been active in promoting the technology can be used as a low cost system due to its
through stormwater and green building low energy requirement. Author: Bassim E.
policies. Author: Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Abbassi, Raihan Abuharb, Bashaar Ammary,
Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, Andreas N. Naser Almanaseer, Christopher Kinsle
Angelakis (2020) Source: [Link] (2018). Source: [Link]
[Link]/books/pdfdownload/book/3039 4441/10/5/578
Water scarcity imposes strong constraints in terms Design of water systems require estimation of Runoff storage refers to the storage of During storm events, runoff inflows It is evident that there is a need for more
of social integrity and economic development. The expected water demands applicable to size the larger quantities of water, which have displace part or all of the existing basin efficient and reliable decentralized
primary sector that is affected is agriculture, pumping equipment, transmission and distribution accumulated significantly and have begun volume and wastewater treatmentsolutions. Modifications
accounting for more than 80% of the total water pipe lines and storage facilities. Estimating water to flow in the drainage system. This are retained and treated in the facility until of septic tank design have been proposed in
use. Domestic use also follows an increasing trend demands for a particular town depends on the size storage the next storm event. The pollutant different studies in orderto improve onsite
over the years due to population growth, living of the population to be served, their standard of classification is closely related to removal wastewater system performance. For
standards requirements, and increasing living and activities, the cost of water supplied, the "upstream storage" and "downstream mechanisms are settling of solids, wetland example, changing septic tank retentiontimes
temperature. These human alterations in the natural availability of wastewater service and the purpose storage" as mentioned plant uptake, and microbial degradation. and including packing materials have been
hydrologic cycle in conjunction with global warning of demand. It varies according to the requirement previously. Author: BIRKHOFF, When suggested. Other studies investigated
will cause strong shifts in water availability and of the domestic population, institutional, industrial HENDRICKS & CARTER, L.L.P. (2017) the wet basin is adequately sized, pollutant theeffects of baffles on the treatment process
demands, and will intensify conflicts between users, and social establishments, etc. In addition to Source: [Link] removal performance can be excellent, and the results showed that increased
outlining the need for updating the existing water these, demand allowances need to be included for drainage-system-design-manual- especially for the dissolved fraction. Wet number of bafflesresulted in enhanced
governance plans to meet future demands and to leakage, wastage, and operational requirements [Link] basins also help provide erosion protection treatment performance. Generally, most
ensure sustainable use of water. The improvements such as flushing of mains. by TEMESGEN for septic tank modifications weresuggested to
will require water resource planning at a finer MEKURIAW 2018 [Link] the receiving channel by limiting peak enhance the performance of the septic
spatial scale than the basic hydrologic unit com/document/414284 flows during larger storm events. Wet system. However, if a septic tank is
(watershed) basins are recognizedas a stand-alone treatment unit,
and give greater emphasis on water recycling, often perceived as a positive aesthetic rational modification should be considered.
improved WUE by users, and real-time monitoring element in a community and offer This paper aims atevaluating the
of water reserves and demands. Author: Vasileios significant performance of two modified septic tanks
A. Tzanakakis, Nikolaos V. Paranychianakis, opportunity for creative pond configuration (MSTs) designed as onsite systems for
Andreas N. Angelakis (2020) Source: [Link] and landscape design. Participation of an treatingdomestic wastewater. This project
[Link]/books/pdfdownload/book/3039 experienced wetland designer is demonstrates a modern low-cost onsite
suggested. A significant potential wastewater treatmenttechnology tested at
drawback for wet varying hydraulic loading rates with both
ponds in arid climates is that the attached growth and suspended
contributing watershed for these facilities is growthbiological treatment. Author: Bassim
often Abbassi, Raihan Abu Harb, Bashaar
incapable of providing an adequate water Ammary, Naser Almanaseer. (2018) Source:
supply to maintain the permanent pool, [Link]
especially net/publication/324837162_Modified_Septic_
during the summer months. Author: Tank_Innovative_Onsite_Wastewater_Treat
BIRKHOFF, HENDRICKS & CARTER, L.L. ment_System
P. (2017) Source: [Link]
com/storm-drainage-system-design-
[Link]
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE-FOREIGN
FOREIGN
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to
Planning and Designing) Master Planning and Designing) Master Planning and Designing)
The urban drainage system needs to be viewed in The design and optimization of drainage systems Tectonic conditioning of drainage changes Floods are natural and seasonal Before giving an account of the important
an integrated way in the context of the for a jointed slope is more challenging than for have been widely described in the phenomena, which play an important transformation which occurred in the 19th
sustainable urban development. It is crucial to continuous slopes. Overall, the performance of a literature, and environmental role, Century related to sanitary waste systems
understand the crossed relationships horizontal borehole drainage system for a jointed it is usually studied on the regional and but when they take place at the built and rainwater drainage, it is worthwhile to go
between urban growing and flood problems. The rock slope can be considered as a function of the continental scale. It can be considered the environments, many losses of different back some years in history when, according
aspects involved vary from environmental rock mass permeability, the normal flow inside the most kinds occur. By to Silveira (2002), a period of elimination of
conservation, land use control, low impact joint, the location of the joint, the length of the dramatic effect not only for conditioning the its side, urban growth is one of the main flooded areas began, the burying of septic
development, and healthy city life. To achieve drains, and the space between drains. pattern and texture of the drainage itself causes of urban floods aggravation. tanks and then their replacement by
these goals, related to a sustainable urban Author: Tahereh Shaghaghi, Mohsen Ghadrdan, but Changes in underground
drainage, however, it is necessary to construct a Ali Tolooiyan (September 2020) also for determining the characteristics and land use occupation, with vegetation channeling systems. This process for
framework integrating legal, institutional, social, Source: [Link] amount of sediment that is transported to removal and increasing of impervious rates removal of waste and rainwater began in Italy
technical and economical aspects. In this com/science/article/abs/pii/S1569190X20300484 downstream depositional basins and lead to as a
context, it is important to clearly identify the applied where this sediment is delivered. Uplift, greater run-off volumes flowing faster. result of observing a correlation between
regulation in terms of urban zoning subsidence Intense urbanisation is a relatively recent mortality rates of people and animals and the
and land use control, the water resources policies and faulting, all modify the overall shape of process; sanitation system; after that, it was adopted
and the water resources management drainage systems, altering parameters however, floods and drainage concerns in innumerable European cities as a public
practices, the integrated environmental sanitation such as are related to city development since health measure. Author: Muhammad Salik
opportunities and constraints, the slope, valley floor and channel gradient. ancient times. Javaid (2012)
building standards and limitations, the role of the The form and magnitude of these changes Drainage systems are part of a city Source: [Link]
institutional agents and community will infrastructure and they are an important com/storage/books/669/authors_book/author
participation. Areas to be protected from urban depend on the amount of deformation and key in urban s_book.pdf
growth need to be delimited, as well as, the capacity of the channels to adjust to life. If the drainage system fails, cities
sometimes, it will be important to recover areas the become subjected to floods, to possible
already occupied. This is not simple, due to altered slope (Shumm, 1977; 1985), thus, environmental
social pressures against possible dwelling in order to understand how tectonic degradation, to sanitation and health
relocation procedures. In developing countries, evolution problems and to city services disruption.
for example, it is common to have “informal” cities, impacts drainage development, evolution On the other
conforming slum areas growing on and preservation, it is necessary to hand, urban rivers, in different moments of
risky situation, along riverine areas or hill slopes. examine the cities development history, have been
Landscape changing should be minimised coupling of externally (allogenic) and considered as important sources of water
and original river characteristics could be internally generated (autogenic) forces. supply, as possible defences for urban
recovered. In this context, preventing urban land Author: Muhammad Salik Javaid (2012) areas, as a
to be heavily impervious is one of the major goals. Source: [Link] way of transporting goods, and as a means
Minimising impacts on the urban water com/storage/books/669/authors_book/auth of waste conveying. Author: Muhammad
cycle is of fundamental importance. The ors_book.pdf Salik Javaid (2012)Source: [Link]
development project must comply with natural intechopen.
hydrological aspects or provide compensatory com/storage/books/669/authors_book/auth
measures for urbanisation changes. The ors_book.pdf
watershed, as a complex and integrated system
has to be considered as a whole, not only in
physical terms. This must be the unit of planning
and design. The documents that integrate
urban development and the strategies for a
sustainable drainage system, and, therefore, a
sustainable city, are the Urban Development Master
Plan and The Urban Stormwaters
Master Plan. Author: Muhammad Salik Javaid
(2012)
Source: [Link]
com/storage/books/669/authors_book/authors_boo
[Link]
One of the effective reinvented sanitation
technologies to treat human wastes on site is
the “Solar Septic Tank (SST)” which utilizes
solar-heated water to increase temperatures
inside the septic tanks, resulting in effective
biodegradation and pathogen inactivation.
Solar septic tank prototypes have been
investigated in several studies to verify their
functionality, durability, and performance
(Pussayanavin et al., 2015; Polprasert et al.,
2018; Connelly et al., 2019). As a new
sanitation paradigm (Koottatep et al., 2019)
at the global level to improve the region's
environment and achieve the SDG6, the
treated wastewater from the non-sewered
sanitation systems should be designed to
achieve both the national standards and the
global standard (ISO30500). Thus, the
existing treatment methods for the
urban/rural context have to shift the design
concept from “end-of-pipe” to “reuse, recycle,
and resource recovery”. To improve the
performance of the solar septic tank
technology in terms of treatment efficiencies,
cost, and ease of maintenance, the novel
constructed wetland systems have been
proposed as effective post-treatment
systems.
Author: Thammarat Koottatep, Tatchai
Pussayanavin, Chongrak Polprasert
(February 2021)
Source: [Link]
com/science/article/pii/S0048969720359763
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
LOCAL
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to Master
Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing)
The Master Plan and Feasibility Study of Flood In order to fulfill demand at continuous growing Flooding in a developing country is common, Part of the water supply problem is due to the lack of up- Source reduction and segregation-at-source are also
Management and Drainage System of Catbalogan population, it is essential to provide a sufficient primarily due to poor planning and project to-date information on groundwater levels. In the past, given attention including collection system but not
City includesstructural measures such as river water and uniform quantity through the designed designing and execution. Factors causing floods water supply permits have been cancelled because of the fully functional/operational. There are also existing
improvement works, soil erosion water distribution system. The main objective of are due to increase population, outdated and non- expected usage of groundwater as predicted using look- recycling initiatives and marketing of
countermeasures, urban storm drainage as well as this study was to redesign the current water functional drainage system,and, poor waste up tables. The BGS-led Philippine Groundwater Outlook recyclables/saleable materials. As to disposal, the
non-structural measures (ibid). Author: Ronald L. distribution system of Catbalogan City using management, no erosion control measures,reduced (PhiGO) project is piloting a data-driven response to special/hazardous wastes from laboratory and health
Orale (2015) Source: [Link] optimization approach to the water distribution vegetative cover and the unusually heavier groundwater levels by installing sensors in two key offices are stored in the septic vault beside the campus’
ph/[Link]/CDRJ/article/view/111/92 system in Catbalogan City through the use of precipitation. In response to this flood problem, urban areas. Author: Dr. Andrew Barkwith (2021) Centralized Materials Recovery Facility. In addition,
EPANET 2. Four scenarios were made to the local government asked help from the Source: [Link] scientific studies were conducted vis-à-vis SWM.
determine the optimal design for the existing water Department of Public Works and Highways which security-in-the-philippines/ However, complementary activities need to be made in
distribution system: 1) pipe diameter resizing of all in turn developed a Flood Management place which include: strengthening IEC campaigns;
pipes in the system, 2) pipe diameter resizing of andDrainage System Master Plan wherein a River attendance to SWM capacity-building programs; and
transmission lines only, 3) pumps capacity to Control Project which includesdesilting of an the adoption of a comprehensive campus-based SWM
deliver head was increased from 20% to 100%, 4) almost 2km stretch of the river, and the Framework. Author: Bondee L. Penaflor & Heherson
reconfiguration of water distribution system. https: construction of river [Link] a hydrologic B. Ong (2022) Source: [Link]
//[Link]/[Link]/JAR/article/view/148 modeling system (HEC-HMS) version 4, river net/publication/363472967_Managing_Solid_Waste_at
(Bryan Joshua Japzon, Alexander Ballos, Anarisa discharge was calculated for at least four extreme _Isabela_State_University_Cabagan_ISUC_Campus_
Tanseco, Errol Zamora, Lourline Tangzo) (2019) events. Results have shown that the projectwill not Current_Practices_and_Unfolding_Opportunities
solve the flooding problem due to extreme
precipitation. The river walls are more needed
upstream than the downstream portion of the river
while the disiltation of the river is not enough to
carry storm water. There is, therefore, an urgent
need to construct river walls in the upstream as
well as other interventions specified in the master
plan to manage the flooding problems in
Catbalogan. Ronald L. Orale (2015) [Link]
[Link]/[Link]/CDRJ/article/view/111/92
University-community partnerships provide The drainage system is categorized into sanitary The study of drainage system along Espana Alternative water resource management strategies that In the Philippines, only 10% of the 98 million people
opportunities for collaborations and meaningful and storm Boulevard aims to improve the health of the relate to water supply and sanitation are now being are connected to a piped sewerage, and 84% of the
engagement with community partners, in order to water drainage. A system that carries both sanitary society, safety and quality of life. It helps to sought to strengthen resilience and reduce the population is disposing toilet wastewater to septic
promote sustainable community development. To and storm water is reduce flood in generally affected areas, and vulnerability of communities to water-related issues. tanks. The inconvenient fact is that only 30% of
date, studies on university-community called a combined system (Galamiton & Flores, reduces the damages caused by flood. In Omarova et al. [5] suggest that the decentralization of septage is treated in Metro Manila, and only 5%
partnerships have largely neglected partnership 2009). The potential achieving these goals, adequate drainage water management, monitoring of both water supply and outside Metro Manila [9]. Based on USAID and the
potential and readiness prior to partnership disadvantage found in implementing the combined facilities, a proper place for dumping the water use, and a tailor-made approach to each village are Philippine Department of Interior and Local
formation. These factors enable expectations and system is it can garbage, better relocation of the squatters, and necessary to achieve the SGD 6 objective of providing Government (DILG) assessment in 2007, more than
targets to be negotiated and potential problems to lead to pollution when the culvert is not huge a comprehensive study plan for the assessment rural people with safely managed drinking water. Han et 11,338 Filipinos die yearly from diarrhea and about 55
be anticipated, prior to any formal collaboration. enough to transport of this plan is a top [Link] Manila al. [6] presented an integrated water and sanitation daily from all water-borne diseases [10]. Moreover, up
Hence, this study investigates the optimal both sanitary and storm water. The standard Metropolitan areas suffer from flood in every system that includes an innovative approach including a to 58% of groundwater is contaminated with coliform,
preconditions—including environment, resources, requirement is to rainy season, which is mainly attributed to the rainwater harvesting system (RWHS), an eco-toilet, and and 64% of rivers fail water quality standards (mainly
and motivation—to facilitate successful design a separate pipe network for clean water and malfunctioning of the existing drainage system a waterless portable private toilet (WPPT). This novel coliform and BOD) for Class C water (for fisheries,
university-community collaboration for local rainwater for a due to the adequate maintenance under these integrated system was assessed and used in the control agriculture, or recreational activities). These are
urban planning. Specifically, a sample of local drainage system. circumstances. The government plans to improve and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases caused by several reasons why, in 2013, the Philippines
government units (LGUs) and universities in the Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) is a catch- the existing drainage system. The availability poor sanitation and improper water management. A implemented a national strategy for sewage and
Calabarzon region of the Philippines were all term for of proper equipment is indispensable to portable RWHS with a storage tank and transportation septage management that requires local government
interviewed and observed to determine their various diverse frameworks, which moderate and accomplish the above objectives in this sense, this system was built with a storage tank and transportation units (LGUs) to establish septage management systems
needs and access to planning resources at sometimes hold projects plays an important as a pilot project system. An eco-toilet adopted the design presented by [11]. To guide these LGUs in deciding the appropriate
universities, as well as factors that would ensure spillover to lessen surface waste (Charlesworth et providing importance in drainage problem in Hashemi et al. [7], while the WPPT has a human septage management system for them, it is of great
sustained partnerships. The results show that thereal., 2003). Espana. The project includes the procurement separation device that is shaped like a box and can be significance to assess and understand existing systems’
is a need for university-community partnerships Furthermore, the system possesses three major of equipment and transfer of technology folded for easy transport and assembly. This portable strengths and weaknesses. [Link]
in local planning, since LGUs have limited advantages from a required for the operation and implementation. toilet includes a coagulant in the urine storage region of com/2673-4117/2/1/2?
technical capacity in preparing comprehensive drainage perspective (Jones & Macdonald, 2007) The study shall confirm the maintenance of the bag so that the bag can be reused several times. by fbclid=IwAR2GmE1Bgu66fey51F7VBau9x4gQHwH-
land use plans, particularly with respect to data which includes the pumping station and floodgates to Jonathan Jared Ignacio et al. (2019) [Link] iEdARu5WpTGGTSzRTDAmGpMwyV0 by Dalton
analysis, technical writing, project development, reducing the overall load on the standard drains, determine if there is a need for the repair and com/2073-4441/11/8/1593? Erick Baltazar ,Hidenori Harada,Shigeo Fujii, Maria
and hazard mapping. Conversely, LGUs have holding back peak rehabilitation of the pumping station and fbclid=IwAR1r_w1mTNJpj6Ky8qEWB4mgS7CITqCjC Francesca Tan and Shatirah Akib (2021)
more financial resources than universities. Local flows to prevent overloading, and removing diffuse floodgates equipment. [Link] 5iGkonsai-vIJmjTP_rwHw8cxE
universities were determined to be uniquely source pollution to php?u=https%3A%2F%[Link]%
suited to meet the technical and human resource clean up discharges. The systems are widely used 2F23783591-Flood-control-and-drainage-system-
needs of LGUs. Importantly, though, previous to reduce the impact of-espana-boulevard-in-metro-manila.
partnership experience was found to dramatically of urban runoff to the aquatic environment html&h=AT0eVMSyUlICPKK-
influence both parties’ decisions regarding providing new water habitats XUAnXbiiIvLCk4wDIAqM4FQuQyUx97ybHhL
whether or not to pursue a partnership. for organisms. They also provide water-based 6gjA4JHFGhq3KbwgaGihsBS1ofC7oMNJAFLyv
Accordingly, there is a need to temper the desires recreational activities. orty8GKmghHu4NFIzcE0SjzpjgWmaxMVU3vsr
and expectations of partner organizations, and lay Thus, SuDS can also bring ecological benefits FbhBegCOqx1vfmNugt1gA_PdA Tomas U.
down the foundations of sustainable university- especially when ponds Ganiron Jr (2015)
community partnership prior to partnership and wetlands are used (Jones & Macdonald, 2007).
formation. Toward this end, policies that bolster Also, SuDS
partnership institutionalization, funding, and reduces pollution, attenuates flooding, and supports
systematic monitoring and evaluation systems can low flows in
enhance the utility of such partnerships moving streams and rivers (Graham, 2012). https:
forward. by Lovely S. Mores, Jeongwoo Lee, and //multidisciplinaryjournal.
Woongkyoo Bae. [Link] com/pdf/Social_impact_assessment.pdf Markdy
1050/11/7/1850? Y. Orong
fbclid=IwAR1iE4zwy6T8rt032SPpfEiW9lCk2s2 , Aida S. Lasaca
bBr9ygTQUXTA1TmIacJO4vCYN7_U , Timoteo B. Bagundol (2016)
MANILA, Philippines — After 25 years of In developing the system map, the following This study looks into the flooding by checking the The population of the globe is now expanding quickly. Clean Water Act (RA 9275, 2004)10 informed
operations, Manila Water Company, Inc. has should be adequacy of the piping system with varying Urban regions in emerging nations are where this subsequent policies and regulations in the sector. It had
made huge headway in growing its wastewater considered (WHO 2015, p. 26): rainfall patterns under an assumed land cover and expansion is focused in terms of both magnitude and the primary goal of protecting water bodies from
services in the East Zone concession area. From a • Include all sources of waste, both point and under scenarios with partial deposition and no rapidity. The governments and citizens of the cities in domestic, commercial, and industrial discharges, all
single sewage treatment plant in 1997, Manila nonpoint deposition. Using the Storm Water Management emerging nations are facing several issues as a result of land-based sources of pollution. The policy, at the
Water now operates 41 treatment facilities, sources, such as runoff. Model (SWMM), simulations reveal that the under the fast urbanization of these places. Lack of access to moment of its inception and during its first years of
increasing the company’s wastewater treatment • Account for all used and disposed parts of the "no deposition" (scenario 1), flooding already sufficient water sources is one of the major issues that implementation, did not consider uncontrolled and
capacity by 1,025%, from 40 million liters per waste occurs even with a 2-year return period rainfall these cities face. The attempts of urban poor households unmitigated sewage as a contributing factor yet but
day (MLD) at the start of operations to 410 MLD stream (e.g., use or disposal for crops, fish or covering a total flood volume of 92.030 million in Bacolod City to gain access to an adequate quantity of focused instead on ensuring the connectivity of all
at present. animals, liters while the "with deposition" scenario clean water are the focus of this thesis. Urban poor sewage lines to sewerage systems five years within its
soils, surface water or groundwater, and air). (scenario 2), the flood volume is much greater families are given special consideration since they are passage. Sonny N. Domingo and Arvie Joy A. Manejar
For the years left in its franchise, the water • Identify all significant existing potential barriers covering a total volume of 209.010 million liters. thought to be the most at risk for not having access to (2021) [Link]
company will be building 13 additional STPs as it (e.g., In another test case, rainfall pattern of Ondoy sufficient water sources. Willem-jan Spreeuwers (2006), ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/[Link]
continues to fulfill its mandate of providing detention ponds, septic tanks). (Typhoon Ketsana) based from Port Area Manila retrieved (January 10, 2023) [Link]
sewerage and sanitation services to help improve • Include flow rates where known. was used to check surcharging of sections and [Link]/34/1/[Link]
the conditions of the water environment in the • Include the capacity or design loading of potentials for flooding. Results reveal that the
metropolis and thereby safeguard public health, in components where known (e.g., treatment plant hydraulic head exceeds the manhole or catch basin
addition to providing clean and potable water to flow elevations by 1.0 meter to 1.5 meters along
the millions of customers in the concession area. or loading limits, transfer system capacities). Espana, M.V. Delos Santos, Laonglaan, G.
By: Dennis Gutierrez (2022) [Link] • Include drinking water sources where this is Forbes, Dimasalang, Earnshaw, Antipolo,
[Link]/1653139/manila-water-strengthens- relevant Matimyas, Sobredad, Vito Cruz, and Honradez.
its-wastewater-master-plan-in-support-of- to, or could be affected by, the sanitation system. This was validated using pictures of the flood and
sustainable-development The method of mapping and visual representation reported depths from the flood study of the Manila
will area by JICA in December, 2009."
depend on the scale and complexity of the system
as Both simulations reveal inadequacies in terms of
well as the details required to clearly present the full flow open channel condition capacities of
system conduits along Espana, M.V. Delos Santos,
components. A system flow diagram, process flow Laonglaan, G. Forbes, Dimasalang, Earnshaw,
diagram, simplified schematics, and geographic Antipolo, Matimyas, Sobredad, Vito Cruz, and
maps are Honradez, N. Reyes, Severino, Josefina, Lepanto,
some of the methods that can be used to represent P. Margal and Lepanto. However, the model
the poorly estimates the flood depths along drainage
system components. by Stella Tansengco- mains receiving other flows from neighboring
Schapero. [Link] (2016) [Link] catch basins. The simulation only estimated the
org/sites/default/files/publication/217816/sanitatio flood depths in inner areas and lateral flows prior
[Link] to the drainage laterals.

Although dredging is done by MMDA on a

monthly basis, it only offers a short term solution.
Structural remediation of the whole drainage
system must be done in order to prevent flooding.
[Link]
ph/etd_bachelors/5424/ Francis John R. Madrazo
Carl Andrew M. Santos (2010)
The security of the environment and human lives This prompted the researchers to design a drainage Poor drainage system is one of the many causes
are interdependent on watersheds. It gives us design layout for the University of the Immaculate of flooding and has been a problem in most cities
access to clean water and safeguards the survival Conception Bonifacio Campus to prevent flooding. and municipalities of our country where floods
and habitats of all living things from the land to In order to achieve the philosophy of the work, the move at great speeds, causing destruction and
the sea. following data have been sourced out from direct casualties. The town of Kalibo which is the capital
of the province of Aklan is classified as a first
fieldwork. Such data included Discharge and
class municipality and is the center of economic,
The degradation of these watersheds caused by Flooding Frequency. These data have been social, political, religious activities and institution
many factors, including poor management analyzed through the application of descriptive building of the province. Excess runoff becomes a
practices and human intervention, may put analysis and hydrologic computations. The study serious issue in Kalibo whenever heavy rain falls.
everyone’s lives at risk. made use of the quantitative and qualitative Drainage capacities of the creeks in the
methods of data gathering for better investigation municipality were reduced due to encroachment
Currently, the Philippines has over 130 critical and implementation of the designing process. https: of houses, buildings, people and animals.
watersheds that demand urgent protection and //[Link]/[Link]?id=7257 Christian Mae Predominantly, the effect of urbanization posed a
rehabilitation. by Vina Medenilla (2022) https: S. Apat | Fatima Mae S. Asani | Matthew Jan | threat to the municipality causing flood since it
//[Link]/2022/07/19/watershed-based-land- Kristian A. Bentinganan | Renan P. Limjuco (2013) increases the excess water in the surface. In the
use-planning-and-management-in-the-philippines/ light of all these, a proposed storm drainage
system was designed to mitigate the effects of
flooding in Barangays Poblacion and Andagao of
the Municipality of Kalibo, Aklan. Specifically, the
study aims to: design the main and secondary
channels of the storm drainage system, provide a
schedule of work; and provide a cost estimate for
constructing the storm drainage system. [Link]
[Link]/[Link]?u=https%3A%2F%
[Link]%2Fhandle%2F20.
500.12852%2F811&h=AT0eVMSyUlICPKK-
XUAnXbiiIvLCk4wDIAqM4FQuQyUx97ybHhL6gjA
4JHFGhq3KbwgaGihsBS1ofC7oMNJAFLyvorty8
GKmghHu4NFIzcE0SjzpjgWmaxMVU3vsrFbhBeg
COqx1vfmNugt1gA_PdA Joel L. (2010)
Considering that the flooding problem is regional The new drainage system is design to provide its The Study has been conducted on the existing The water system project aims to provide an
in the scope and involves objectives to prevent flood, tosecure long time drainage conditions through various field studies and uninterrupted supply facility with a source, a reservoir, a
formulated a Master Plan of comprehensive drainage
several closely connected drainage blocks, service and to have efficient drainage system. The improvement for the core area and selected Priority
piped distribution network with an adequate treatment
drainage mains, estuary, and pumping design flows of water were obtained by accurate Projects during the Phase 1 (February-August 2004), facility, and household taps. By Sarwell Meniano and
stations that is necessary to comprehensive hydraulic computations that aims to measure the and conducted the Feasibility Study on the Priority Lizbeth Ann Abella (2022) [Link]
drainage planning should be undertaken amount of water in designing the structure for the Projects during the Phase 2 (September 2004 - March ph/articles/1172982
through a master plan study. With the view drainage lines and a necessary estimate were also 2005). In the course of the Study guidelines for
comprehensive drainage improvement and technology
towards formulating long-term solutions taken into considerations. providing proper transfer have been prepared and experimental
to the flooding problem, the master plan should drainage system is an effective technique to activities have been conducted for barangay-involved
come up with a balance or redirect water.4etting a clear understanding of how activities at three pilot barangays. The target year of
combination of structural and nonstructural water drains on the campus area can go a long way the Master Plan is set for the year of 2020, with 3
measures. The structural ones should in improving drainage system and preventing terms: 1st phase (2005 to 2010), 2nd phase (2011 to
2015) and 3rd phase (2016 to 2020). The projects
include the following: construction of additional issues caused by floods. By improving which are proposed for the 1st Phase are selected as the Priority
drainage channels, improvement of required to bring the drainage system up to an Projects, because the projects are proposed to
the estuary, and rehabilitation and improvement acceptable standard, it is important that the reasons improve the inundation conditions (depth and duration)
of existing drainage mains such as for the damages are fully understood before of the severest inundation area in both North Manila
rerouting of flows to less stressed lines, carrying out drainage improvements. More and South Manila. [Link]
jp/pdf/[Link] Etsuo Kitahara (2005)
compartmentalization of drainage blocks to effective improvements can be made by
reduce the problems areas into manageable levels, establishing the exact cause and effect of the
or possibly redesign or drainage failures. [Link]
reconstruction of the whole drainage system http: edu/15358923/THE_PROPOSED_NEW_DRAIN
//[Link]/IJDRBC/vol6/[Link] AGE_SYSTEM_IN_CEBU_TECHNOLOGICAL
Tomas U. Ganiron Jr (2015) _UNIVERSITY_MAIN_CAMPUS Rogin Ylaya
(2012)
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
LOCAL
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to Master
Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing)
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
LOCAL
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to Master
Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing)
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
LOCAL
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to Master
Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing)
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
LOCAL
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to Master
Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing)
 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY
FOREIGN
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to Master
Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing)
Master plans have long been criticized by critical The improper design of BWSS may lead to Floods are the most hazardousnatural The Reliability studies on the Water Supply System The function of a septic tank is primarily to retain
planners who have argued in favour of more inefficientuse of water, compromise with the disasters; they are governed by various (WSS) are required to be done to ensure its wastewater and purify it in an anaerobic process. Septic
strategic, collaborative and relational forms of quality of water reachinguser, large factors,including rainfall characteristics, functioningunder abnormal conditions of operations. tanks are differentiated by flow rate and number of
spatial planning that can more adequately maintenance costs and waste of energy too. drainage systems,land use and water Majorly, estimationof Reliability of WSS consists of compartments. The simple septic tank has no
respond to local needs and realities, especially in
Withthe growing concern of Sustainability management in river basins. Theconcept two aspects viz. evaluatingpossibility of failure of its compartment, while septic tanks with two or three
the context of the global South. Rather than
critiquing master planning, this paper seeks to
and Water Manage-ment, improving of flood management must change components and calculatingdegree of demand compartments are common. Legislation in most European
interrogate its recent rise in urban Africa. (BUilding Water Supply System) BWSS becauseof urbanization, industrialization, dissatisfaction at nodes during infrequentoperating countries requires proper treatment of household
Building on a review of international planning design is inevitable. Authors: Rohit Dattatray and improvementsin living standards, conditions. Authors: Rohit Dattatray Mangalekar wastewater at wastewater treatment plants and does not
trajectories, the paper seeks to challenge Mangalekar Source: [Link] especially in emerging countries. https: (2021) Source: [Link] allow the use of existing septic tanks. In most cases, this
dominant narratives in the Western literature researchgate. //[Link]/doi/full/10. net/publication/348722761_Residential_water_deman means that a sewage system must be constructed
around the rise and decline of master planning. net/publication/348722761_Residential_wat 1080/02626667.2013.836276 Hsiang- d_modelling_and_hydraulic_reliability_in_design_of_b through which sewage is transported to a treatment plant,
Planning experiences from across the African er_demand_modelling_and_hydraulic_reliab Kuan Chang et al. (2013) uilding_water_supply_systems_a_review or small treatment plants of the appropriate type must be
continent illustrate how master planning was a ility_in_design_of_building_water_supply_sy installed. Transporting the wastewater by tanker trucks to
limited practice under colonialism and emerged stems_a_review the treatment plants is in most cases the most expensive
more strongly in early post-colonial years, while and economically unacceptable solution. A suitable multi-
persisting through a quiet period of planning and compartment septic tank can also be a small municipal
proliferating in recent times. By exploring the
wastewater treatment plant or a part of a municipal
diversity in the influences and approaches to
master planning for new and existing cities in wastewater treatment plant. As a stand-alone municipal
Africa over time, the paper positions master treatment plant, it can be used in holiday and residential
planning as the product of a complex array of buildings if it is possible to provide sufficient retention time
transnational circuits and multiple local actors for sufficiently efficient anaerobic processing of
and ambitions which intersect across different contaminants.
scales. The study of master planning should Mario Krzyk, Darko Drev (October 2022)
therefore be considered as an important entry [Link]
point into understanding and rethinking the net/publication/364541406_Septic_Tanks_as_Small_Muni
contemporary politics of urban planning, cipal_Sewage_Treatment_Plants
implementation, and development in Africa.
Author: Philip Harrison, Sylvia Croese (2022)
[Link]
net/publication/359506807_The_persistence_an
d_rise_of_master_planning_in_urban_Africa_tra
nsnational_circuits_and_local_ambitions_The_p
ersistence_and_rise_of_master_planning_in_urb
an_Africa_transnational_circuits_and_local_ambi
A master plan outlines the framework of a When sizing and designing the SuDS, some Urban flooding occurs when the capacity Urban water supply systems are closed-loop Wastewater flows into the tank at one end and leaves the
place’s present and future development. assumptions were made that were applied to of both the natural environment and hydrologic cycles. Irvine, Chua, and Eikass (2014) tank on the other end as shown in the figure. The septic
Decisions at a master planning stage will all of them. drainage systems are overwhelmed. requiring alternative water resources and energy to be tank is drained out with the help of suck out the outlet.
determine the use and the form of a place. First, for simplification it was assumed that Urban flooding is usually associated with expended on water production, distribution, and The municipal Department suck out the wastage from
Land uses, residential, commercial, industrial the SuDS did not have an underdrain, heavy rainfall over a short period of time, treatment. A deep understanding of the internal Septic tank. Krishna April 15, 2020 [Link]
or institutional, will be assigned and the except green roofs or so-called flash floods (Wan Mohtar et structure of urban water supply systems is necessary com/septic-tank-design-building-construction/
characteristics of structures to be built will be were designed with a drainage mat as that is al., 2020). [Link] to propose sustainability strategies. [Link]
specified. Traffic arteries connecting these a parameter that can’t be ignored. https: org/smash/get/diva2: sciencedirect.
areas will be drawn. As part of a planning //[Link]/smash/get/diva2: 1681683/[Link] Snærós com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360835220301078?
process, the public will be asked to 1681683/[Link] Snærós Axelsdóttir (2022) fbclid=IwAR0zg3SRiYxXx6uJGCneR9VFnqV4RZAXT
participate and comment. The initiating Axelsdóttir (2022) s1JTxB-5eHl_5GcIP4TyQ8Da3s Zhongwen Xu,
parties may either be a land developer, a Liming Yao, Xudong Chen (2020)
municipal or regional government and at
times, a partnership of both. Once accepted
and approved, it will have legal ramifications
and chart all planning decisions that govern
a place. The decision taken at the master
planning level will also define the place’s
sustainability and thus it is imperative that all
relevant aspects be considered. Author: Avi
Friedman (2021) Source: [Link]
researchgate.
net/publication/347542951_Master_Planning
_for_Sustainability?
fbclid=IwAR2yZ6yu3jIlWxbA8_qvxEb_fHgvy
7dOuTAY5b3A03XClA6WeJalzKfq3fw

The purpose of this study is to analyze the In the designing stage, the architect Rehabilitation of irrigation and drainage Access to water supply in rural areas is still a
application of the methodology of strategic allocates the location for the electrical systems is very important link in the challenge in many countries in the world. About 80%
master planning (territorial development rooms, electrical equipment, etc. but without intensification of agricultural of the rural people worldwide lacked basic water
strategy) in the field of recreation and knowing the size of distribution panels, production. Scarce rainfall in summer services in 2017 (UNICEF and UNICEF and WHO,
tourism. The actual problems of transformer size, DG size, UPS, etc. the imposes irrigation. N umerous and 2019). Lack of water services hampers the water,
organizational, economic and legal nature correct size of the room, and equipment intense rainfall during winter impose sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related practices. For
arising during strategic master planning are spaces can not be provided. by Er. Sadiq measures for drainage and disposal of example, rural people could not treat their drinking
identified. The technology of master planning Hussain (2022) [Link] lands that have steep incline. To reduce water regularly due to insufficient water, i.e., time to
is analyzed, as well as the world and com/pulse/electrical-designing-drafting-er- the damaging role of excessive treat water competes with the time to collect water
Russian experience in creating strategic sadiq-hussain humidity in winter and drought in summer (Daniel et al., 2021b). These situations then impact
master plans in the field of tourism and is necessary to redistribution of water human health negatively (Hunter et al., 2010). The
recreation. Despite the fact that this flow through the collection of effect of climate change is predicted to worsen these
technique is intended to clarify the master water during wet season in the reservoir conditions, e.g., drying of water sources and
plans of cities, it has recently also been used and its use during the dry period of the decreasing in water quality (Howard et al., 2016).
at the regional level for the spatial [Link] effective way to provide the Author: Trimo Pamudji Al Djonoa [Link] (2022)
development of tourism, including the use of agricultural land to its members, is Source: [Link]
creation of tourist and recreational clusters. a well known practice in the world early com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352801X22000996
The article discusses the features of the times ago, which would boost the
development of master plans for the working of the land and growth of
development of tourism in the Novosibirsk agricultural production. Authors: Albina
region. The master plan makes it possible to SinaniJostina Dhimitri (2015) Source:
take into account not only the interests of the [Link]
main participants in planning the socio- com/science/article/pii/S2210784315000
economic development of regions 844
(government bodies), but also business
structures and the local population
(consumers of tourist services). In the
modern sense, the master plan for tourism
development is a strategic planning tool that
is located at the junction between the master
plan, socio-economic and spatial
development strategies. The master plan is
necessary to visualize the concept of using
the resource potential of the territories,
contributes to the creation of favorable
conditions for the development of tourism
and recreation. Author: E. O. Ushakova
Source: [Link]
net/publication/364978227_The_role_of_stra
tegic_master_planning_in_the_development
_of_tourism_and_recreation_in_the_Novosib
irsk_region?
fbclid=IwAR3YdmOEr4seLBcqRanE7Xj1zBII
aZW5oG36jToiHHRibFN5N1VS-RtimrM
 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY
FOREIGN
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to Master
Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing) Planning and Designing)
Good results in the regional or municipal But it is only when a house (or a building, a park, Drainage systems that are not managed this study evaluates for the first time the life cycle Among the anaerobic reactors the septic tank is probably the
planning are achieved if all relevant actors a factory or a community development) can effectively cause many main drainage environmental impacts of different water supply most disseminated. It was developed during the last quarter of
are involved and concluded around the blend itself well in the environment would its systems to become clogged. Clogged options in remote communities. The following sources the 19th century. However, its diffusion took place only in the
common goals. In the master planning, the purpose be truly fulfilled. It is only when the and poorly maintained drains can cause of potable water are considered: groundwater, surface nineteen-thirties (Azevedo Netto, 1985). Attention to the
design teams ensure that the house doesn’t look treatment of effluents from septic tanks by anaerobic filters was
municipality can show that it has embarked new problems, especially if heavy rains water, water in single-use 1.5-litre bottles and water
like a displaced urban edifice in the middle of brought by Raman and Chakladar (1972). This paper followed
on a course that leads towards sustainable lush limestone cliffs, when the septic pipes don’t
occur and eventually lead to flash floods. delivered in 18.9-litre (5-gallon) reusable containers. a fundamental study conducted by Young and McCarty (1969).
development. Authors: leach toxicity into the azure waters, when the The occurrence of flash floods is closely Desalination of seawater is also included as a The Brazilian Engineering Standards considered the use of
Abdol Aziz Shahraki (2020) [Link] manufacturing fumes don’t spew out black related to the ability of drainage to potential technology that could be deployed in remote septic tanks in 1963. The subsequent standards (NBR
researchgate. smoke into the sky—can we say that this was accommodate excess rainwater that communities in the future. The study focuses on the 7229/1982 and 1993) emphasized the need for reducing the
net/publication/346410370_Planning_and_D designed well. Everything else then are just should absorb into the ground. Compared Southeast Asia region which has over 119 million rural organic content remaining in effluents from septic tanks by
esign_Techniques_of_Tourism_Complexes_ layers of concrete and steel built upon land, to forest or rural areas, flash flood events residents (9.6% of total rural population in the region) means of upflow anaerobic filters. The combination of septic
in_the_Process_of_the_City's_Master_Plann measured, contained, boxing people in, not associated with urban water imbalances without basic access to water (WHO UNICEF, 2017). tanks with upflow anaerobic filters (STANF) was considered as
ing worth remembering, photographing or are more complex due to human Both the current situation and possible future (2030) a temporary solution for wastewater treatment in low density
preserving. If it doesn’t conform to the standards involvement that alters the natural scenarios for water supply are evaluated. The insights urban areas. However, the reality of sanitary infrastructure in
of sustainability, it is not design. Thus spells the hydrological system. Flood disasters gained from this work can be used to support the country did not allow adoption of more efficient systems.
difference between a good architecture and a have the potential to contribute to the development of more sustainable water-access Probably this is why septic tanks combined with anaerobic
bad one. Whenever we design hotels and filters (STANF) became a widespread community system for
destruction of property and significant programs and policies in developing regions. Author:
resorts, high rises or commercial structures, or domestic wastewater treatment in Brazil (Kamiyama, 1993;
even houses, there are five important loss of life (Pah Rokiah, Baharum, & Jhud Mikhail Aberilla, Alejandro Gallego-Schmid, Oliveira et al., 2006). Regarding this, Massoud et al. (2009)
considerations: users’ needs, design character, Hamidi, 2015). Author: Mohd Luqman Laurence Stamford, Adisa Azapagic. (2020) Source: point out that indiscriminate use of low-cost technology aims to
budget, location and integrated building Ismail1*, Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa [Link] avoid excessive costs required by large centralized structures.
technologies. By: Arch. Cathy Saldaña (2019) (2021) Source: [Link] F. J. A. da SilvaM. G. S. LimaL. A. R. MendonçaM. J. T. L.
[Link] my/ojs/index. Gomes (2013) [Link]
design-in-sustainable-architecture- php/JTS/article/view/7087/4087 br/j/bjce/a/cXfD6cgnsLZmZtvL6KKPKFb/?
communities#ixzz7pnarf2RR lang=en&fbclid=IwAR3G_t_MWnajIIAHxb_gfvamdAD9Zjdg3ga
40tiA__HkBooQqfi7ulsMXQU
We observed that early master plans are As Volusia County grows, so too must its The main purpose of learning the This paper addresses the issue on designing an To determine if septic systems in Indian River County
somewhat successful in providing broad capacity for dealing with waste. Officials say sewerage and drainage system is to effective sustainable water supply system both in contribute to nutrient enrichment of groundwaters and
guidance on each city’s population a three-component effort to upgrade and know the process of our own building quantity and quality side, which is considered as a surface waters that discharge into the central Indian River
projections and main structural forms. expand the wastewater treatment plant in sanitary system. We discover on how all prerequisite for a sustainable development strategy. In Lagoon, researchers from Florida Atlantic University’s
However, they were implemented only to a DeBary will do that and then some. Design the waste from our building to be treated order to achieve a sustainable water supply system, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute assessed water
limited extent or proved rather ineffective in work on the Southwest Regional Water and the technique used on handling the System Dynamics, which is an effective system quality at 20 sites in four Indian River County sub-
concretely guiding development, especially Reclamation Facility project begins soon waste water. There are two ways the analysis and development tool, is employed in drainage basins. GISELE GALOUSTIAN | 12/2/2021
in terms of major land uses and supporting with the Volusia County Council's recent could be use in drainage system. It could modeling and simulating the system. The study [Link]
infrastructure and facilities. CHYI-YUN & decision to award the $2.4 million design be very useful for the existing cities and presents a decision platform, where a quantified [Link]
HUANGISABEL CANTADA|FEBRUARY 25, contract to DeLand-based CPH Consulting. urban developing cities. This drainage expected resilience model is built to measure water
2019 [Link] "The whole project is absolutely required," system provided to remove the excess supply satisfaction rate, and to meet the requirements
org/sustainablecities/challenges- Council Chair Jeff Brower said during water in a development. This will cause of sustainability indicators firstly. After determining the
implementing-urban-master-plans-what-are- Tuesday's meeting. "We’re a growing floodwater and rainwater and different sustainability requirements, namely customer
we-missing population." It's estimated about $40 million kinds of runoff. Drainage system are also requirements, water supply system is constructed
from multiple funding sources will have been provided for emptying all the wastewater using system dynamics approach, through which the
poured into the project by the time it's in a very effective way, this case namely threats of the system such as demand boosting,
completed, which officials hope will be in as sewerage system. nabilahazman428 pipeline aging, and other events that cause supply
2026. Officials say the design and permitting (2020) [Link] disruptions are illustrated subsequently. Further,
work should take about 19 months to com/file/75910746/A-LITERATURE- prevention strategies will be taken into account to
complete. Construction could begin in 2024 REVIEW-ON-SEWERAGE-AND- achieve the resilience ratio in the water system.
if everything goes according to schedule. by DRAINAGE-SYSTEMpdf/ Finally, a case study of water system in Shanghai is
Katie Kustura (2022) [Link] demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the
journalonline. proposed method. S. Zhao, J. Liu & X. Liu (2013)
com/story/news/local/volusia/2022/09/09/vol [Link]
usia-county-awards-design-contract- 4451-98-7_150?
wastewater-treatment-plant- fbclid=IwAR1oX4bVdIQc560CVCEPVWPopDJTdYch
work/8009373001/ B_qJ-Y7LKUoOrtPHvgNkhsLmA1s
 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY
LOCAL
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master Planning COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to
Planning and Designing) and Designing) Master Planning and Designing)
The techniques of SuDS are widely recommended and Based on a follow-up interview, most Sustainable drainage system was perceived Here, the City of Santiago's water supply and management Septic tanks used in flood-prone areas or areas
applied in Europe, Australia, the United States, and residents prefer that this water must drain to as the most beneficial environmental systems were assessed in the context of Goal 6 of the 17 with Iow ground water levels do not function weil
Canada; the name varies in different areas, but SuDS sewer facility for treatment before being practice, which does not only prevent flood SDGs. Specifically, factors such as coverage service area, due to poor soil conditions. In the case of the
has a similar design approach (Zhou, 2014). In Europe, released to the sea, or to the nearest stream in Ozamiz City but also increases the population and system facilities, and demand projections of cesspool though designed for areas with high
SuDS is used to maintain good public health, protecting or pond. A study conducted abroad by economic value of real property and the existing water management systems were used to groundwater Ievel, pollution problems stiIl occur
water resources against pollution and help in preserving Hwang et al. (2016) stated that unmanaged influences the decision to purchase it. assess system sustainability. Additionally, the impact of the due to poor implementation and usage of the
organisms and other natural resources for future needs storm water runoff may cause serious However, the residents of Ozamiz City have current water management system on the communal system. Authors: Rachelle G. Navarro Source:
(Willems et al., 2012). In Australia, Water Sensitive Urban damage to streams, lakes and estuaries. concerns with SuDs that include context was also determined by measuring consumer [Link]
Design (WSUD) was suggested as a catchment-wide Hence, this information with regard to storm environmental pollution attributed more from satisfaction. And to address global challenges, it is ca/concern/theses/z316q353c
approach, of which SuDS is just a part. It describes the or rain water has to be considered in human-related activities that result to foul necessary to mobilize a variety of resources from a variety
planning and engineering approach for the integration of designing or improving SuDS. M. Y. Orong, smell of the drainage and risk of of stakeholders, including governments, civil society, the
urban water management into city landscape to minimize A. S. Lasaca, & T. B. Bagundol (2016) https: contamination and infection. The safety of private sector, academia, and citizens, to form strong multi-
environmental degradation for water and urban //multidisciplinaryjournal. children was also considered an issue with stakeholder partnerships and collaboration at the global,
environment (Roy et al., 2008; Sharma et al., 2008). The com/pdf/Social_impact_assessment.pdf SuDS. Hence, creating walkways for the regional, national, and local levels in response lo SDGs 17.
term SuDS is originally coined as Low-Impact residents living near SuDS could help. The Finally, better governance policies were proposed to the
Development (LID) in the United States and Canada that planners, developers, and engineers need local government unit (LGU) of Santiago City using these
promotes interaction of natural processes with the urban to consider these social impacts of SuDS to data. Author: Ma. Teresa S. Alvarez, Exequiel M. Perez,
environment to preserve and recreate ecosystems for ensure environmental sustainability and Elmer A. Rosete (2022). Source: [Link]
water management (Coffman et al., 1998). The goal of safety of residents. Ways to increase the com/lp/unpaywall/water-supply-and-management-system-
sustainability is increasingly being applied to all sectors of awareness of residents with SuDS have to of-urban-city-santiago-city-case-0Qp9n0PSRD?
public life and development. Therefore, it is important to be discussed by the local government. M. Y. articleList=%2Fsearch%3Fquery%3Dwater%2Bsupply%
promote SuDS as a construction practice that embodies Orong, A. S. Lasaca, & T. B. Bagundol 2Bsystem%
the principles of sustainability and contributes to the (2016) [Link] 2Bphilippines&fbclid=IwAR2BMCek91jdj6d75hhKEZz77XjGI
improvement of a more sustainable society. M. Y. Orong, com/pdf/Social_impact_assessment.pdf PXRExOqkdkH4txGG1JZpNaaWndhnbM
A. S. Lasaca, & T. B. Bagundol (2016) https:
//multidisciplinaryjournal.
com/pdf/Social_impact_assessment.pdf

Describe Metro Manila’s urban development in one word, Design comes in many different forms, from This Survey is carried out in response to the Another organization that is trying to help provide citizens of Effective management of domestic wastewater
and many possibilities come to mind—dense, congested, the way a building has been made, to the request of the Government of Philippines in the Philippines with reliable water resources is the Manila and septage is an urgent need for most
gridlocked, to name a few. Now, 100 kilometers north of way a business district is laid out, to the accordance with the Terms of Reference (TOR) Water Foundation. The organization runs a multitude of developing countries, especially those in Asia,
the metro, developers, enterprises, and ordinary Filipinos schedule of the train that will pass through for the Data Collection Survey on Drainage programs that help achieve this goal. The Lingap program because of its huge impacts on economic
System in Metro Manila (herein after referred as
have the opportunity to shape New Clark City in an area it—all carefully planned and thought-out focuses on providing schools and other locations like health growth, public health and the environment. A
“the Survey”), which was agreed between the
40 times the size of BGC the Philippines’ last master designs. [Link] Department of Public Works and Highways
institutions and city centers with a reliable water supply. The recent study by the World Bank on economic
planned community. by Joseph C. Tay (2021) [Link] ph/2014/09/15/designing-the-future- (hereinafter referred to as “DPWH”) and Japan program started in 2010. In 2019, Lingap helped a total of impacts of sanitation in four Southeast Asian
[Link]/2021/06/12/prop-up-master-planning-the-future- philippine-architecture-and-design-industry- International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter 46 schools, city halls and health centers. This equates to countries, namely Cambodia, Indonesia,
in-new-clark-city/ braces-for-asean-integration-in-2015/ by referred to as “JICA”) on July 30, 2015. The more than 149,000 beneficiaries across these 46 different Philippines and Vietnam, estimated that these
AMOR MACLANG Survey area is the same as the DPWH Survey locations. The water supply that Lingap provides for these countries lose an estimated 9 billion USD
SEPTEMBER 15, 2014 that covers the core area of Metro Manila students and staff can be used for drinking, handwashing annually (based on 2005 prices). A total of
(Buendia-Maricaban-NAIA-Parañaque and and toothbrushing. Through its many programs, the Manila more than 400 million people in these four
España-UST) and rivers in the surrounding area Water Foundation is working to improve the water supply in countries suffer poor sanitation and hygiene
(Zapote-Las Pinas, Tullahan and San Juan) the Philippines. conditions, leading to at least 180 million
shown in the Location Map. DPWH has set a The Philippines has made notable efforts to improve water disease episodes and 100,000 premature
new target for flood and drainage projects to resources for its people. With more efforts, even greater deaths annually. In the case of Philippines, the
attain a safety level of 25-year return period
strides can be made in the water and sanitation sector. by study estimated that poor sanitation has led
(RP) or 50-year RP. Aurhor:
CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., JACOB E. LEE (2021) [Link] to economic costs in the order of 1.4 billion
LTD., CTI ENGINEERING CO., LTD, NIPPON supply-in-the-philippines/? USD or 77.8 billion PhP per year, equivalent
KOEI CO., LTD (2015) [Link] fbclid=IwAR0u4yWGExBBiMdNtUdJSLQ8YuAxKJdHZTRB7 to about 1.5% of its Gross Domestic Product
[Link]/pdf/[Link] XbU604RJqQnwHXwINuP4ow (GDP) for 2005. [Link]
net/pdf/1403policy_brief/WEPA_PB4_2013.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR2RZUVjwupsSerzcuGHyUe0HCxTtjR
JSHnfj1vkX9kYd2S8YSSn1GfnoYo by NGOC
BAO Pham, Tetsuo Kuyama (2013)
PDCs. Generally, contact was more frequent at the local The ability of land to absorb rainwater is This prompted the researchers to design a “Such cooperation is at the heart of the Philippine Water Septic tanks are used to treat and collect
and provincial levels, becoming deliberately drainage design layout for the University of Supply and Sanitation Master Plan, which was approved by wastewater from homes, commercial businesses,
indicating that there is an informal horizontal network slow and might be eventually lost as the the Immaculate Conception Bonifacio the NEDA Board Committee on Infrastructure last April 6. It and industrial plants. Septic tanks can be found
among PDCs for information grounds are paved and cement-covered Campus to prevent flooding. In order to aims to not only provide safe water supply and sanitation in many different applications such as:-Home
sharing purposes at each provincial level. through the continuous rehabilitation of achieve the philosophy of the work, the services for all Filipinos, but also ensure that these services septic systems-Commercial wastewater
The survey also asked about the extent of network in national and following data have been sourced out from can withstand disasters and protect the environment,” By treatment plants-Industrial wastewater treatment
relation to more tangible policy barangay roads by the government. Rivers direct fieldwork. Such data included Chua (2021) [Link] plants. by Aniket Tiwari (2022) [Link]
issues. Specifically, the survey asked about the would overflow due to Discharge and Flooding Frequency. These [Link]/press-release/the-septic-tanks-
frequency of contact related to waste heavy rains, inundating roads, residential data have been analyzed through the market-research-study-assists-in-accurately-
management issues. More than 90% of respondents had areas, and other built-up areas application of descriptive analysis and 2022---2028-2022-12-22
contact with the Department of (Minns & Hall, 1996). Urbanization often hydrologic computations. The study made
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), 44% with increases significantly the use of the quantitative and qualitative
the provincial government, storm water runoff as buildings, parking lots methods of data gathering for better
13.3% with the adjacent local government, 5.3% with and paved surfaces investigation and implementation of the
congresspersons and replace pastures and woods (Wurbs & designing process. It helped the researchers
senators. In dealing with issues such as waste James, 2002). Hence, an efficient drainage to obtain the necessary principles in
management, local governments used system must be put in place. conducting the study. The design that the
vertical administrative network contacts such as DENR The drainage system is categorized into researchers have obtained considered the
and the provincial government, sanitary and storm open channels, downspouts, curve inlet and
rather than mobilizing a political network. These two water drainage. A system that carries both other pipe networks that are visible in the
questions indicated that for daily sanitary and storm water is building. The dimensions and the details of
operations and management issues, local governments called a combined system (Galamiton & the design are made to meet the standard
tend to use horizontal local Flores, 2009). The potential requisites of a Drainage system. Through
networks at each provincial level, but once they face disadvantage found in implementing the this study, the innovation and improvement
policy issues such as waste combined system is that it can of the Drainage System have been aimed
management and others, they rely on a vertical lead to pollution when the culvert is not huge for the betterment of the institution. Author:
administrative network for solutions, enough to transport Christian Mae S. Apat | Fatima Mae S.
rather than mobilizing a vertical political network. Masao both sanitary and storm water. The standard Asani | Matthew Jan | Kristian A.
KIKUCHI (2018) [Link] requirement is to Bentinganan | Renan P. Limjuco (2013)
jp/library/English/Publish/Reports/InterimReport/2018/pdf/ design a separate pipe network for clean Source:
2018_2_40_025_ch03_02.pdf water and rainwater for a [Link]
drainage system. M. Y. Orong, A. S. Lasaca,
& T. B. Bagundol (2016) https:
//multidisciplinaryjournal.
com/pdf/Social_impact_assessment.pdf

The Planning Guide provides the rehabilitation and Structural design is the art and science of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) is a Development practitioners all over the world have Wastewater is composed of liquid waste coming
recovery framework, the rehabilitation planning process designing with economy and elegance, a catch-all term for recognized the role of water governance in addressing from the toilet, bathroom, laundry, and kitchen of
and plan structure, institutional arrangements for plan safe, serviceable, and a durable structure, various diverse frameworks, which future water scarcity. In 2001, Kofi Anan of the United a household. It is usually deposited in septic
coordination, implementation mechanisms, and proposed primarily to meet the functional requirements moderate and sometimes hold Nations and in 2002, Tadao Chino, former Asian tanks or disposed through sewer lines. Economic
monitoring and evaluation arrangements. This will guide of the user or client. S. Brahma Naidu [1], P. spillover to lessen surface waste Development Bank (ADB) President, have both declared (e.g. agriculture, manufacturing, mining) and
the National Government Agencies (NGAs) and Local Anil [2], V. Venkatesh [3], Y. Vinod Kumar (Charlesworth et al., 2003). that the water crisis is a governance crisis. An ADB report institutional (e.g. offices, hospitals, schools)
Government Units (LGUs) in the crafting and [4], and A. Srikanth Furthermore, the system possesses three further stated that if some Asian countries will face a water activities also produce wastewater which have to
implementation of rehabilitation and recovery programs. major advantages from a crisis in the future, it will not be because of physical scarcity be collected and treated to avoid environmental
The aim of building resiliency is to prepare communities (2018) [Link] drainage perspective (Jones & Macdonald, of water, but because of inadequate or inappropriate water pollution and risks to health. by B. Magtibay
to resist, absorb, recover, and transform from the 5/issue-2/[Link] 2007) which includes governance (including management practices, institutional (2017) [Link]
consequences of current and foreseen hazards and reducing the overall load on the standard arrangements, and socio-political conditions), which leave int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/many-
events. Rehabilitation and recovery play a very important drains, holding back peak much to be desired (ADB 2007). For the Asia-Pacific at-risk-of-contracting-diseases-from-the-poorly-
role in this preparation as (i) they can address the longer- flows to prevent overloading, and removing region, the literature contends that water shortage will managed-wastewater-of-26-million-filipinos
term needs and challenges that make a community diffuse source pollution to become a major constraint in the economic and social
vulnerable; and (ii) it provides the opportunity to increase clean up discharges. The systems are development of the region's individual countries unless
the capacity of the society to cope and reduce the risk of widely used to reduce the impact equitable and efficient water allocation policies and
future emergencies and disasters. Informed by the of urban runoff to the aquatic environment mechanisms are developed (UNESCAP 2000).
lessons learned from previous disasters, both locally and providing new water habitats Globally, the supply of water may not be limited as
globally, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and for organisms. They also provide water- gleaned from projections data of Rosegrant et al. (2002)
Management Council (NDRRRMC) approved the based recreational activities. where only 10 percent of total renewable water shall have
Philippine Disaster Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Thus, SuDS can also bring ecological been withdrawn in 2025. In the Asia-Pacific region, in
Planning Guide on March 2019. Author(s) benefits especially when ponds particular, only a small portion of the renewable water
and wetlands are used (Jones & Macdonald, sources can be tapped, even if statistically, the per capital.
Ricardo B. Jalad 2007). Also, SuDS Agnes C. Rola, Juan M. Pulhin, Guillermo Q. Tabios III, Joy
reduces pollution, attenuates flooding, and C. Lizada, and Maria Helen F. Dayo. (2015) https:
Edgar L. Posadas supports low flows in //[Link].
streams and rivers (Graham, 2012). Author: ph/images/pdf/pjs_pdf/vol144no2/pdf/challenges_of_water_
Bernardo Rafaelito R. Alejandro IV (2022) https: Markdy Y. Orong, Aida S. Lasaca, Timoteo governance_in_the_Phils_FinalCopy_05_April_2016.pdf
//[Link]/publication/ready-rebuild- B. Bagundol (2016) Source:
disaster-rehabilitation-and-recovery-planning-guide- [Link]
workbook-philippines com/pdf/Social_impact_assessment.pdf
 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY
LOCAL
KEYWORD 1 KEYWORD 2 KEYWORD 3 KEYWORD 4 KEYWORD 5
MASTER PLANNING (in Engineering) DESIGNING (in Engineering) DRAINAGE SYSTEM (Related to Master WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (Related to Master Planning COMMUNITY SEPTIC VAULT (Related to
Planning and Designing) and Designing) Master Planning and Designing)
The majority of the collected information on the national Despite the range of drivers supporting the The study of drainage system along Espana “The increased demand for disposable items during this A lot of homes around Lake Lanier have septic
socio-economic planning system comes from secondary use of SuDS, their implementation is a Boulevard aims to improve the health of the time of water scarcity will surely add to the volume of tanks. And Gwinnett County has found water
resources stemming from files created bygovernment complex process and requires buy-in from society, safety and quality of life. It helps to residual garbage that generators from households to quality in the lake needs improvement. by Ross
institutions, non-government organizations, inter- multiple stakeholders. Buy-in is often reduce flood in generally affected areas, and business establishments churn out every day,” said Aileen Terrell (2017) [Link]
reduces the damages caused by flood. In
government organizations,and academic research papers undermined by a lack of practical evidence Lucero, EcoWaste Coalition national coordinator. system-impact-lake-lanier-last-three-years/
achieving these goals, adequate drainage
from Philippine universities. by J.E. Langomez (2013) and monitoring of existing schemes to facilities, a proper place for dumping the
[Link] demonstrate their value and best practice. In garbage, better relocation of the squatters, and As World Consumer Rights Day is set to be observed on
edu/43626412/A_Case_Study_on_the_Land_Use_and_P this paper, we report one of the first holistic a comprehensive study plan for the assessment Friday, March 15, the group reminded Manila Water and the
lanning_System_in_Philippine_Public_Administration studies of the impact of retrofit SuDS on of this plan is a top priority. Tomas U. Ganiron Jr Philippines’ water authorities that access to clean water is a
runoff in an urban environment. Initially, we (2015). [Link] fundamental consumer and human right. (READ: LIST:
present the current debates around SuDS. com/IJDRBC/vol6/[Link] Manila Water service interruption schedule starting March
We then outline the study design using a 14, 15)
suite of interventions implemented in
collaboration with a range of stakeholders. “The water shortage, we hope, will be resolved soon to
The results and emerging challenges for satisfy the people’s right to water, a basic consumer and
assessing the effectiveness and human right, and to discourage the wasteful use of plastic
implementation of SuDS are then discussed. disposables,” Lucero said.
The results demonstrate that SuDS can
result in a significant reduction in runoff, but Bad for business
this study also highlights the importance of
partnership working and the added value it Some businesses are also feeling the dry spell.
can deliver in implementing sustainable
drainage interventions at the property and The Jollibee branch at UP Town Center in Quezon City
the street scale. We also outline the already apologized for not being able to serve drinks due to
challenges with obtaining high-quality data in the water supply shortage. by RALF RIVAS (2019) https:
urban and rural areas. by Sarah Cotterill, //[Link]/business/225730-water-shortage-
Louise J. Bracken (2020) [Link] causing-more-trash-hurting-businesses/
com/2073-4441/12/11/3160