INDUCTION TYPE WATTMETER

Induction type wattmeter is used for only A.C. power measurement. Here the principle

of mutual inductance is used for the measurement of A.C. power. It is used for such

applications where frequency and supply voltage is constant.

Construction of Induction Type Wattmeter

Shunt
magnet
Copper shading
bands

Voltage Voltage
coil coil

Permanent
magnet for
damper winding
Aluminium R
disc

Current Current
coil coil
Supply Load

Series
magnet

Fig. Induction type wattmeter

Induction type wattmeter has two laminated iron core electromagnets, namely the

series magnet and the shunt magnet. The series electromagnet is excited by the load

current and the shunt electromagnet is excited by the current proportional to the

voltage of the circuit in which power is to be measured.

it cuts both fluxes produced by these two electromagnets. These fluxes will produce

eddy current in the aluminium disc. Due to the interaction between the flux and the

eddy current of the disc a deflecting torque will be produced.

The two voltage coils, connected in series are wound on the limbs of the shunt

electromagnet in such a way so that both of them send flux through the central limb.

The two current coils wound on the series electromagnet are connected in such a way

so that both magnetize the core in the same direction.

In order to make the resultant flux in the shunt magnet lag the applied voltage exactly

by 900, one or more copper rings, called shading bands are provided in the central limb

of the shunt magnet. To obtain the correct phase difference between the series and

shunt magnetic fluxes, the position of the copper bands are adjusted.

These type of wattmeter’s also has spiral springs for controlling torque and a

permanent magnet for damping torque. The scale of induction type wattmeter is almost

uniform and extends over an angle of about 3000. Also this type of wattmeter can

handle current upto 100A.

Operating Principle

The phasor diagram of induction type wattmeter is shown in Fig.

Where,

V is the supply voltage

I is the current through the current coil of the wattmeter.

φsh is the flux of the shunt electromagnet.

φse is the flux of the series electromagnet.

Esh is the voltage induced due to flux φsh.

Ese is the voltage induced due to flux φse.

φsh

Ise
Ish

Ese
Esh

Fig. Phasor diagram of induction type wattmeter

The phase angle between voltage V and φsh is 900 and also the angle between Esh and

φsh is 900. The angle between Ese and φse is 900. If the aluminium disc is assumed to be

fully resistive then the currents Ise and Ish will be in phase with Ese and Esh respectively.

To make the phase angle between V and φsh 900, the pressure coil circuit is made as

inductive as possible.

Let,

= sin ㌳

= sin ( ㌳ − )

푔푎ばࣕ, 㤰 ∝

㤰 ∝ sin ( ㌳ − )

푎 ℎ ∝− ㌳

ℎ ∝− sin ㌳ ㌳

ℎ ∝− cos ㌳
 푔푎ばࣕ, 㤰 ∝
ℎ
㌳ ℎ

㤰 ∝ − cos ㌳
ℎ
㌳

㤰 ℎ ∝ sin ㌳

Similarly,

㤰 ∝
㤰
㌳ 㤰

㤰 ∝ sin ( ㌳ − )
㤰
㌳

㤰 㤰 ∝ cos ( ㌳ − )

푎ࣕ ば 㤰 ∝ cos ㌳−

푎ࣕ ば ℎ ∝ sin ㌳

Now deflecting torque (TD) is,

∝ 㤰ば ℎ − ℎば 㤰

∝ sin ㌳− × sin ㌳ + cos ㌳

∝ sin ㌳− sin ㌳ + cos ㌳ cos ㌳−

∝ cos ㌳− − ㌳

∝ cos ()

From the equation we can say the deflecting torque is proportional to the power in the

circuit.

Advantages of Induction Type Wattmeter

1. It has greater working torque and large length of scale

2. It has a uniform scale.

Disadvantages of Induction Type Wattmeter

1. It has less accuracy

2. It has high power consumption

Comparison between Dynamometer Type Wattmeter and Induction Type

Wattmeter

The comparison between dynamometer type wattmeter and induction type wattmeter is

tabulated in Table.1.1

Table:1.1: Comparison between dynamometer type and induction type wattmeters

Dynamometer type wattmeter Induction type wattmeter

The current coil is divided into two parts. Both the current coil and the potential coil is

divided into two parts.

Potential coil is the moving part. Aluminium disc is the moving part.

Can be used for both DC and AC applications. Can be used in AC applications.

It has non linear scale It has linear scale

Can be used in circuits with variable frequency Cannot be used in the circuits with variable

frequency.