Department of Education
National Capital Region
10 SCHOOL S DIVISION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY
ENGLISH
Fourth Quarter – Module 2
Distinguishing Technical Terms Used in Research
Technical terms used in research
Writer: Alvin M. Cipriano
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino
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What I Need to Know
Hello, Grade 10 learners! In the 2nd module for the 4th grading period, you will
learn how to:
Distinguish technical terms used in research
You can say that you have understood the lesson in this module if you can
already:
1. classify whether a term is related or not related to research;
2. match important technical terms in research with their correct meanings; and,
3. identify the different important parts of a research paper.
What I Know
On which box do the following terms belong? Sort out the terms whether they
are research or none – research related.
Bibliography Abstract
APA Style Democracy
Poetry et al.
References Citation
Research Non -
research
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Lesson Distinguishing technical terms used
1 in research
What’s In
Hello English language learners! In your previous lesson, you have learned
about the characteristic of the language of research and its purpose. Share what you
have learned by answering the question below.
1. What is the main purpose for writing a research paper?
Answer:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
What’s New
Search me out! Complete this crossword puzzle by identifying all the
research – related terms correctly.
2 Across Down
3. Explaining 1. A research
3 phenomena by instrument consisting
collecting of a series of questions
numerical data for the purpose of
1 that are gathering information
5 analyzed using from respondents.
mathematically 2. Involves a
based methods descriptive judgment
6 6. A person using concept words
who voluntarily instead of numbers.
participates in 4. A structured
human subject conversation where
research one participant asks
questions, and the
other provides
answers.
5. any information that
3 has been collected,
observed, generated, or
created to validate
research findings
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What Is It
We have read different pieces of literature in our class and discussed different
forms of writing, such as poetry, short stories, novels, and essays. But, what about
when you need to deliver a bulk amount of factual, in-depth information on one
subject?
The main performance task for the 4th Grading Period is writing your own
research paper. That is why it is important for you to be familiar with the key terms
used in research.
The American Psychological Association a scientific and professional
organization in the United States, also known as APA, has established a standard by
which research papers are structured, as well as how referencing other works are
cited in-text. The APA style is the most commonly used style in research writing. The
main components of the American Psychological Association's research style are:
Title 1. Your title should be descriptive without being too long. A
general rule is to not make a title longer than 12 words.
Your title should inform the reader of the important aspects
of your study, which may include population, the focus of the
study, and/or unique methods.
Let's try and make a title for a study on the effects of caffeine
and no caffeine on button pushing and moving weight. A title
might read, 'The Effects of Caffeine on Simple Tasks.' So
anyone searching for information on caffeine or simple tasks
will come across your study.
Abstract 2. The abstract is a one-paragraph summary of the entire
research. It gives a brief overview of a study so the reader can
quickly determine if they should read the full article or not.
Your abstract should focus on what is important, such as the
participants, the results, and briefly what the results mean.
Though, not every education paper requires an abstract.
Introduction 3. The introduction obviously introduces the topic, but it also
describes the reason for the study and outlines the basic
research in the field. The introduction provides the main
information of the following:
• Background of the study: In this part, describe the
reason/s for doing the research.
• Statement of the problem: Tells the readers the
problems/questions to be addressed in the research.
• Significance of the study: Explains why your research
was needed. It’s a justification of the importance of
your work and impact it has on your research field, its
contribution to new knowledge and how others will
benefit from it.
Introductions can be a few paragraphs to a few pages, depending on
how long the article or book may be.
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Methodology 4. Methodology discusses the methods the researcher used
during the research.
o Imagine the methods section as a kind of a baking
recipe - it tells you exactly how to replicate your
experiment.
o This details the exact steps you followed, how you
selected participants (the people who voluntarily
participate in the study), and the exact materials you
gave to the participants.
o Did you employ qualitative or quantitative research
methods?
Quantitative research involves a descriptive judgment
using concept words instead of numbers. Here are
some examples of quantitative observations:
• A jug of milk holds one gallon.
• The painting is 14 inches wide and 12 inches
long.
• The new baby weighs six pounds and five
ounces.
Qualitative research explains and analyses
phenomena using mathematical concept. Examples of
Qualitative Observations:
• The skin on her hand was smooth and silky.
• The cake was black with orange frosting.
o Did you administer a *questionnaire or *interview
people?
o How did you collect *data?
o Did you utilize other libraries or archives? Etc.
o This is important because science is built on the idea
that experiments can be done over and over, and you
will get the same or similar results.
*A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of questions for
the purpose of gathering information from your participants.
*An interview is a structured conversation where a person asks
questions, and another provides answers.
*Data are any kind of information that have been collected,
observed, generated, or created during your research.
Results 5. Results are the findings of your study. Typically, this
includes:
o Rewriting your hypothesis (in case the reader
skipped the methods)
o All demographic data to describe your participants.
o Your statistical findings
o Easy to read tables and charts.
This section is where you describe in as much detail as
necessary the findings of your study.
Discussion 6. On this section, the researcher:
o interprets and explains their findings.
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o The researcher covers what the implications of their
findings are and how they apply to their different
possible issues.
There are two major components of the discussion:
o What the research failed to cover on the study and
suggestions for future research studies.
o They then suggest future areas a researcher could
investigate and maybe how they might be better
studied.
References 7. The last major section is the references, which is a list of all
books, websites/articles, and other references cited in the
work.
In the references section, you will list in alphabetical order
every place you collected information from:
E.g., articles, websites, and personal correspondences with
experts in the field.
This is to ensure that you are not accused of plagiarizing or
copying another, something that is taken very seriously in the
field.
What’s More
Practice makes progress! Work on the following activities to enhance your
knowledge on key terms used in research.
Activity 1
Identify the terms connected to research described in the following
statements. Write your answer on the space provided in each item.
1. A list of all sources cited in a research work. __________
2. This part contains the interpretation and explanations of the researcher’s
findings. ___________
3. A piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented
as being your own work without properly acknowledging your source.
___________
4. It includes the exact procedures you followed in executing your research.
___________
5. The scientific and professional organization that established a standard by
which research studies are structured, as well as how citation be done.
__________
Activity 2
Choose the best answer for each item.
1. Which of the following does NOT need to be included in all research papers?
A. Abstract B. Dedication C. Body D. Conclusion
2. What information does NOT need to be on a typical cover page?
A. Title C. Author’s Name
B. Date D. References
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3. On which part of the research paper does the researcher interpret the results
and implications of the research?
A. Conclusion C. Discussion
B. Summary D. Methodology
4. Which of the following does NOT need to be included in all research paper?
A. Abstract C. Methodology
B. Introduction D. Conclusion
5. It include the exact procedures the researcher followed in doing the research.
A. Abstract C. Methodology
B. Title D. Conclusion
What I Have Learned
In this module, we focused on the key parts of a research paper. Express what
you have learned about the topic of this module by answering these questions.
1. Why is method important in conducting a research?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to cite or mention the different sources of information (ex:
books, websites, people) you have used in your research?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
Below are paragraphs taken from an actual research paper. Read the
paragraphs carefully to identify what parts of a research paper are these paragraphs
from.
________ 1.
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________ 2.
________ 3.
________ 4.
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________ 5.
Assessment
Answer the following questions. Select your answers from the options provided
after each item. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which is NOT a part of a research paper?
A. Conclusion C. References
B. Dedication D. Title
2. Read this short paragraph which is from a research.
What part of the research paper is the selection above?
A. Introduction C. Methodology
B. Conclusion D. Abstract
3. True or False: Every academic paper requires an abstract.
A. True because an abstract gives the readers a quick overview of the research.
B. True because an abstract makes a research more credible or believable.
C. False because only research conducted by professionals need an abstract.
D. False because an abstract is hard to write and not everyone can compose a
good abstract for a research.
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4. This is where the researcher elaborates his/her findings and explains his/her own
interpretations. _____________
A. Conclusion B. Methodology C. Discussion D. Abstract
5. ____________ is a careful and detailed study of a specific problem, concern, or issue
employing the scientific method.
A. Experimentation B. Survey C. Research D. Interview
Additional Activities
1. APA (American Psychological Association) and MLA (Modern Language
Association) are two of the most widely used citation formats. Go online
and compare the two format using a Venn diagram.
2. Read about qualitative and quantitative research online and compare
them using another Venn diagram. Write your findings on your
notebook.
Post Test
Identify the terms connected to research described in the following
statements. Choose the best answer among the choices given.
1. A fellow researcher wants to check the sources you have used in your study.
Where will he find it?
A. Table of contents C. Bibliography
B. Index D. References
2. Using without properly acknowledging the original author or source is a serious
crime. This is called ___________.
A. Libel B. Robbery C. Plagiarism D. Piracy
3. What part of the paper can you find the interpretation, explanations, and
implications of the researcher’s findings?
A. Explanation C. Discussion
B. Introduction D. Conclusion
4. A writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal
articles and books. What do you call this?
A. APA B. Bold C. ML D. Times New Roman
5. It includes the step-by-step how of your experiment. What do you call this part of
the research?
A. Procedure B. Steps C. Instruction D. Direction
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#6-10: Below is an actual research paper about writing. Read the paper carefully to
identify the parts of a research paper. Write your answer on the blank provided.
6. __________________
7. __________________
8. __________________
9. __________________
10. __________________
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References
1. Information about the basic parts of a research paper:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-major-sections-of-a-research-study-according-to-
apa.html#transcriptHeader
https://wr1ter.com/research-paper
2. Additional definitions:
http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/writing/index.asp?topic=Research
https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/significance-of-the-
study#:~:text=The%20significance%20of%20the%20study%20is%20a%20written%20statem
ent%20that,others%20will%20benefit%20from%20it.
3. Research sample from the thesis of Ms. Joan Jane M. Balote: MAN AND NATURE IN
SELECTED POEMS OF WILLIAM WORDSWORTH AND ROBERT FROST, Polytechnic
University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila
Answer Key
5. C
4. C
3. D
2. C
1. B
Assessment
5. Conclusion
4. Discussion
3. References
2. Results
1. Methodology
What I can do?
5. C
4. A
3. C
2. D
1. A
Activity 2
5. APA (American Psychological Association)
4. Methodology
3. Plagiarism
2. Discussion
1. References
Activity 1
What’s more?
6. Participant
5. Data
4. interview
3. Research
2. Qualitative
1. Questionnaire
What’s New?
1. To analyze a particular point; to offer a solution to a particular problem…
What’s in?
Poetry
Democracy
Non – research
Et al.
Citation
References
APA style
Abstract
Bibliography
Research
What’s I know?
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Development Team of the Module
Writer: Alvin M. Cipriano (CISSL)
Editors: Cyril P. Santos (SEHS)
Internal Validator: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS – English)
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Shiela Mae A. Cancino (SRNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Janet S. Cajuguiran
EPS-English
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero
EPS – LRMS
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Schools Division Office- Marikina City
191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines
Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989
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