Formulas
HYDRAULIC PUMP EQUATIONS Torque and horsepower relations:
Horsepower Required to Drive Hydraulic Pump: T = HP x 63025 ÷ RPM
HP = T x RPM ÷ 63025
HP = PSI x GPM ÷ 1714
RPM = HP x 63025 ÷ T
HP = (PSI x GPM) ÷ (1714 x EFFICIENCY)
T = Torque, inch-lbs
HP = Horsepower
RPM = Speed, revs / minute
PSI = Gauge pressure in pounds per square inch
HP = Horsepower
GPM = Oil flow in gallons per minute
EFFICIENCY = Efficiency of hydraulic pump Note:
For Torque in foot-lbs use 5252 in place of 63025
Important:
As all systems are less than 10% efficient and efficiency Note:
factor must be added to the calculated input horsepower. Work (in lbs) = force (lbs) x distance (in)
Example: Power = Force x Distance ÷ Time
Input hp = 10 gpm x 1500 psi ÷ 1714 (constant) = 8.75
hp x 0.85 (efficiency) = required input 10 hp Theoretical Pressure = T x 6.28 ÷ CIR
T = Torque, inch-lbs
CIR = Cubic Inch (in3) per Revolution
Rule of thumb:
For every 1 HP of drive, the equivalent of 1 GPM @ Pump Efficiencies:
1500 PSI can be produced.
Volumetric Efficiency = Actual GPM x 100
Rule of thumb: Theoretical Flow
To idle a pump when it is unloaded will require about
5% of its full rated horsepower. Mechanical Efficiency = Actual PSI x 100
Theoretical Pressure
Note:
1 hp = 33,000 ft lbs per min or 33,000 lbs raised 1 ft in 1 min Overall Efficiency = Output HP x 100
Input HP
1 hp = 550 ft. lbs. per second
1 hp = 746 Watts or 0.746 kw Overall Efficiency = Mech. Eff. x Volumetric Eff.
1 hp = 42.4 Btu per min
Theoretical Flow = RPM x CIR ÷ 231
1 hp = 2545 Btu per hour Theoretical Pressure = T x 6.28 ÷ CIR
BTU = The energy to raise one pound of water one Input HP = PSI x GPM ÷ 1714
degree Fahrenheit. Output HP = T x RPM ÷ 63025
Flow Formulas: T = Torque, inch-lbs
CIR = Cubic Inch (in3) per Revolution
GPM (theoretical) = RPM x CIR ÷ 231 GPM = Flow in gallons per minute
PSI = Gauge pressure in pounds per square inch
GPM = Oil flow in gallons per minute
RPM = Pump revolutions per minute
CIR = Cubic Inch (in3) per Revolution
RPM = Pump revolutions per minute Gear Displacement Calculation:
Volume required (gpm) = Volume Displaced x 60 The volumetric displacement of a gear pump or motor
Time (s) x 231 can be approximated by measurement of the internal parts
and substituting the values in the following formula:
Flow rate (gpm) = Velocity (ft/s) x Area (in2) V = 6.03 × W × (2 x D -L) × (L - D ÷ 2)
0.3208
Note:
Fluid is pushed or drawn into a pump Where L
Pumps do not pump pressure, their purpose is to create V = displacement in in³/rev
flow. (Pressure is a result of resistance to flow). W = gear width in inches
D = gear tip diameter in inches D W
L = dimension across both gears when meshed in inches
41 Parker Hannifin Corporation
Mobile Cylinder Division
Youngstown, OH
