POWER SYSTEMS-II

Subject Code : EE502PC

Regulations : R16 - JNTUH
Class : III Year B.Tech EEE I Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad

POWER SYSTEMS- II (EE502PC)

COURSE PLANNER
COURSE OVERVIEW
This course is an extension of power systems-I course. It deals with basic theory of
transmission lines modeling and their performance analysis. Also this course gives emphasis
on mechanical design of transmission lines, cables and insulators.

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 1

PRE REQUISITES:
The knowledge of following subjects is essential to understand the subject:
1. Power Systems –I and
2. Electromagnetic field theory.
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
1 To compute inductance and capacitance of different transmission lines.
2 To understand performance of short, medium and long transmission lines.
3 To examine the traveling wave performance and sag of transmission lines.
4 To understand the type of insulators for over head lines and understand the type of cables for
power transmission.
COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course the student will be in a position to
S.no
Description Bloom’s Taxonomy
Level
1 Able to compute inductance and capacitance for Remembering, Analyze
different configurations of transmission lines. (Level1, Level 4)
2 Able to analyze the performance of transmission Understand,(Level-2),
lines. Analyze (Level – 4)
3 Can understand transient’s phenomenon of Understand (Level-2)
transmission lines.
4 Able to calculate corona, sag and tension Understand,
calculations. Analyze (Level-1,Level-4)
5 Will be able to understand overhead line insulators Understand (Level-2)
and underground cables
HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of
mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and an Assignments,
3
engineering specialization to the solution of complex Mock tests
engineering problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research
literature, and analyze complex engineering problems
Assignments,
reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles 1
Mock tests
of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering
sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for
complex engineering problems and design system
components or processes that meet the specified needs Assignments,
2
with appropriate consideration for the public health and Mock tests
safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use
research-based knowledge and research methods
Assignments,
including design of experiments, analysis and -
Mock tests
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate
Assignments,
techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT 1
Mock tests
tools including prediction and modeling to complex

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 2

 engineering activities with an understanding of the
limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by
the contextual knowledge to assess societal, health,
Assignments,
safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent 1
Mock tests
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering
practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact
of the professional engineering solutions in societal and
-
environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge
of, and need for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to
professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the -
engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or leader in diverse teams, -
and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community
and with society at large, such as, being able to
-
comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own 1 seminars
work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the
preparation and ability to engage in independent and life-
2 Industrial visits
long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
Program Specific Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PSO 1 Talented to analyze, design and implement electrical &
Assignments,
electronics systems and deal with the rapid pace of
1 Mock tests,
industrial innovations and developments
Miniprojects
PSO 2 Skillful to use application and control techniques for
Assignments,
research and advanced studies in Electrical and 1
Mock tests,Projects
Electronics engineering domain
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
COURSE CONTENT:
Unit-I:
Transmission Line Parameters: Types of conductors-calculation of resistance for solid
conductors-calculation of inductance for single phase and three phase, single and double
circuit lines, concept of GMR &GMD, symmetrical and asymmetrical conductor
configuration with and without transposition, numerical problems.

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 3

 Calculation of capacitance for 2 wire and 3 wire systems, effect of ground on capacitance,
capacitance calculations for symmetrical and asymmetrical single and three phase, single and
double circuit lines, numerical problems.
Unit-II:
Performance of Short and Medium Length Transmission Lines: Classification of
Transmission Lines - Short, medium and long line and their model representations - Nominal-
T, Nominal-Pie and A, B, C, D Constants for symmetrical & Asymmetrical Networks,
Numerical Problems. Mathematical Solutions to estimate regulation and efficiency of all
types of lines - Numerical Problems.
Performance of Long Transmission Lines: Long Transmission Line-Rigorous Solution,
evaluation of A,B,C,D Constants, Interpretation of the Long Line Equations, Incident,
Reflected and Refracted Waves -Surge Impedance and SIL of Long Lines, Wave Length and
Velocity of Propagation of Waves - Representation of Long Lines - Equivalent-T and
Equivalent Pie network models (numerical problems).
Unit-III:
Power System Transients :Types of System Transients - Travelling or Propagation of
Surges - Attenuation, Distortion, Reflection and Refraction Coefficients - Termination of
lines with different types of conditions - Open Circuited Line, Short Circuited Line, T-
Junction, Lumped Reactive Junctions (Numerical Problems). Bewley’s Lattice Diagrams (for
all the cases mentioned with numerical examples).
Factors Governing the Performance of Transmission lines: Skin and Proximity effects -
Description and effect on Resistance of Solid Conductors - Ferranti effect - Charging Current
- Effect on Regulation of the Transmission Line, Shunt Compensation.
Corona - Description of the phenomenon, factors affecting corona, critical voltages and
power loss, Radio Interference.
Unit-IV:
Overhead Line Insulators: Types of Insulators, String efficiency and Methods for
improvement, Numerical Problems - voltage distribution, calculation of string efficiency,
Capacitance grading and Static Shielding.
Sag and Tension Calculations: Sag and Tension Calculations with equal and unequal
heights of towers, Effect of Wind and Ice on weight of Conductor, Numerical Problems -
Stringing chart and sag template and its applications.
Unit-V:
Underground Cables: Types of Cables, Construction, Types of Insulating materials,
Calculations of Insulation resistance and stress in insulation, Numerical Problems.
Capacitance of Single and 3-Core belted cables, Numerical Problems. Grading of Cables -
Capacitance grading, Numerical Problems, Description of Inter-sheath grading, HV cables.
GATE SYLLABUS:
AC transmission concepts, Models and performance of transmission lines and cables, Electric
field distribution and insulators.
IES SYLLABUS:
Transmission line models and performance, cable performance, insulation, corona and radio
interference.
LESSON PLAN- COURSE SCHEDULE

Lectur Week Topic Course learning Reference

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 4

e No. No. outcome
Unit-I
Types of conductors-calculation of Classify the
1. resistance for solid conductors conductors
calculation of inductance for single phase Evaluate the
2. and three phase inductance
1 Evaluate the
3. Single and double circuit lines inductance
Evaluate the
inductance &
4. concept of GMR &GMD capacitance Text
Symmetrical and asymmetrical conductor Understand the Book:1,2
configuration with and without concept of
5. transposition interference
Symmetrical and asymmetrical conductor Understand the
configuration with and without concept of
6. 2
transposition interference
Analyse and evaluate
7. Numerical problems the problems
Analyse and evaluate
8. Numerical problems the problems
Calculation of capacitance for 2 wire and 3 Evaluate the
9. wire systems capacitance
Understand the effect
10. Effect of ground on capacitance of ground capacitance Text
3
Capacitance calculations for symmetrical Analyse and evaluate book:1,2
11. and asymmetrical single and three phase the problems
Capacitance calculations for symmetrical Analyse and evaluate
12. and asymmetrical single and three phase the problems
Analyse and evaluate
13. Single and double circuit lines the problems
4 Analyse and evaluate
14. Numerical problems the problems
Mock Test-1
Unit-II
Classification of Transmission Lines - Classify and discuss
Short, medium and long line and their about lines
15. model representations
Nominal- T, Nominal-Pie and A, B, C, D Classify and discuss
Constants for symmetrical & about lines
16. Asymmetrical Networks Text
17. Nominal- T, Nominal-Pie and A, B, C, D Classify and to book:1,2
Constants for symmetrical & discuss about lines
Asymmetrical Networks
18. Nominal- T, Nominal-Pie and A, B, C, D Classify and to
Constants for symmetrical & discuss about lines
5
Asymmetrical Networks
Analyse and to
19. Numerical Problems evaluate the problems
To analyse and to
20. Numerical Problems evaluate the problems

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 5

 Bridge Class-1
21. Mathematical Solutions to estimate Analyse and evaluate
regulation and efficiency of all types of the problems
lines - Numerical Problems.
Mathematical Solutions to estimate Analyse and evaluate
22.
6 regulation and efficiency of all types of the problems
23. lines - Numerical Problems.
24. Long Transmission Line-Rigorous Analyse and evaluate
Solution, evaluation of A,B,C,D Constants the problems
Bridge Class-2
25. Interpretation of the Long Line Equations, Interpret and evaluate
Incident, Reflected and Refracted Waves the long lines
26. Surge Impedance and SIL of Long Lines, Interpret and evaluate
Wave Length and Velocity of Propagation the long lines
of Waves
27. 7 Representation of Long Lines - Analyse and to
Equivalent-T and Equivalent Pie network determine the model
models (numerical problems)
28. Representation of Long Lines - Analyse and to
Equivalent-T and Equivalent Pie network determine the model
models (numerical problems)
Bridge Class-3
Text
Unit-III book:1,2
29. Types of System Transients - Travelling or Analyse the transients
Propagation of Surges on wave propagation
30. Attenuation, Distortion, Reflection and Analyse the transients
Refraction Coefficients on wave propagation
31. Termination of lines with different types Analyse the transients
of conditions - Open Circuited Line, Short on wave propagation
8
circuited Line
32. Analyse the transients
T-Junction, Lumped Reactive Junctions on wave propagation
(Numerical Problems) & Bewley’s Lattice and to evaluate the
Diagrams problems
Bridge Class-4
Mid- 1 Examinations(week 9)
33. Skin and Proximity effects - Description To define the effects
and effect on Resistance of Solid occur on ac & dc
Conductors transmission line
34. To define the effects
Ferranti effect - Charging Current - Effect occur on ac & dc
on Regulation of the Transmission Line, transmission line
10
To compensate the
effect on transmission
35. Shunt Compensation line by shunt elements
To analyse and to
36. Problems evaluate the problems
Bridge Class-5
11 Corona - Description of the phenomenon, Understand the
37. factors affecting corona concept of corona

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 6

 factors affecting corona To understand the
38. concept of corona
critical voltages and power loss, Determine the values
39. of power loss
Radio Interference Understand the
40. concept of corona
Bridge Class-6
Unit-IV
Types of Insulators Classify the types of
41. insulators
String efficiency and Methods for Determine the
improvement methods of string
42. efficiency
12 Text
Numerical Problems - voltage distribution, Analyse and to
43. Book:1,2
evaluate the problems
calculation of string efficiency, Analyse and to
44. evaluate the problems
Bridge Class-7
Numerical Problems - Capacitance grading Analyse and to
45. and Static Shielding evaluate the problems
Sag and Tension Calculations with equal Find the sag and
and unequal heights of towers tension calculations of
46. towers
13 Sag and Tension Calculations with equal Find the sag and
and unequal heights of towers tension calculations of
47. towers
48. Mock Test-2
Bridge Class-8
Effect of Wind and Ice on weight of Know about the effect
Conductor of wind and ice on
49. conductor weight
Effect of Wind and Ice on weight of Know about the effect
Conductor of wind and ice on
50. 14 conductor weight
Numerical Problems Analyse and to
51. evaluate the problems
Stringing chart and sag template and its Compare the string Text
52. applications. chart and template Book:1,2
Bridge Class-9
Unit-V
Types of Cables, Construction, Types of Classify the types of
Insulating materials cables and insulating
53. materials
Calculations of Insulation resistance and Analyse and evaluate
stress in insulation the insulation
54. 15 resistance
Numerical Problems Analyse and to
55. evaluate the problems
Numerical Problems Analyse and to
56. evaluate the problems
Bridge Class-10

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 7

 Capacitance of Single and 3-Core belted Know about
cables capacitance type
57. cables
Numerical Problems Analyse and to
58. evaluate the problems
16
Grading of Cables - Capacitance grading Know about the
59. grading of cables
Numerical Problems Analyse and to
60. evaluate the problems
Bridge Class-11
Description of Inter-sheath grading Know about inter
61. sheath grading
HV cables Know about types of
62. 17 HV cables
63. Revision
64. Revision
Bridge Class-12
Mid-2 Examinations(week 18)

MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:

Program
Specific
Program Outcomes (PO)
Outcomes

Outcomes
Course

(PSO)

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

CO1 2 3 - - - - - - - - - - 2 1
CO2 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 1
CO3 3 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 2
CO4 2 3 2 - - - - - - - - - 2 1
CO5 2 3 - - - - - - - - - - 1 2
Avg 1.1 2.4 0.8 - - - - - - - - - 1.6 1.4

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
Text Books
1. 1.A Text Book on Power system Engineering by M.L Soni P.V
2. Electrical Power Systems by C.L Wadhwa New Age International(p) Limited,Publishers
Reference Books
3. Power Systems Engineering by I.J Nagrath& D.P Kothari, TMH 2/e, 2010.
4. Power Systems Analysis, Operation and control by Abhijit Chakrapabarti, Sunitha
Halder, PHI, 3/e, 2010.
5. Power Systems Analysis & Design by B.R Gupta, Wheeler Publishing.
QUESTION BANK
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
UNIT-I
Short Answer Questions-

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 8

 S.N Question Blooms Course
o Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Define GMD and GMR? Knowledge 1
2 Explain about skin effect? Understand 1
3 Explain about proximity effect? Understand 1

4 What are different types of transmission conductors? Knowledge 1

5 Why we prefer double circuit lines in transmission? Knowledge 1

Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 A 3-Phase, 50 Hz, 66 KV, 100 Km overhead line Evaluate 1
conductors are placed in a horizontal plane with diameter
of 1.25 cm. Calculate the capacitance & charging current
per phase assuming complete transposition of the line.
2 Explain the effect of earth on capacitance calculations Understand 1
mathematically
3 Derive an expression for 3 phase capacitance in Analyze 1
symmetrical& asymmetrical configuration
4 Derive an expression for 3 phase inductance in Analyze 1
asymmetrical configuration
5 Derive an expression for inductance of a single phase two Analyze 1
wire line.
UNIT II
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the difference between symmetrical and un- Knowledge 2
symmetrical spacing?
2 Determine A, B, C, D constants for Nominal T network? Knowledge 2
3 Determine A, B, C, D constants by using Rigorous Knowledge 2
solution?
4 Define Ferranti effect? Knowledge 2
5 What are the different types of transmission lines? Knowledge 2
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the concept of travelling waves in long Knowledge 2
transmission lines
2 Give the various loading and voltage level factors that Knowledge 2
influence the design and Operation of primary feeder?
3 Explain Nominal-π method of Medium transmission lines Understand 2
with a phasor diagram
4 Find the following for a single circuit transmission line Analyze 2
delivering a load of 50 MVA at 110 Kv & 0.8 p.f. lagging.
Find Sending end voltage, sending end current, sending
end power & efficiency of transmission. Given A=D=0.98
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 9
 <3, B=110<75Ω, C=0.0005<80 siemen
5 Give a brief note of Rigorous method with a phasor 2
diagram
6 Describe Nominal-T method of medium transmission lines Knowledge
with a phasor diagram
7 Derive A,B,C,D constants of an End condenser method Analyze 2
with a phasor diagram
8 A 3-Phase, 50 Hz overhead transmission line 100 Km has Analyze 2
Resistance/Km/Phase=0.1Ω,Inductive
reactance/km/phase=0.2Ω,capacitive
susceptance/km/phase=0.04*10-4 siemen. Determine i)
Sending end current ii) Sending end voltage iii) Sending
end power factor iv) Transmission efficiency when
supplying a balanced load of 10,000kw at 66kv,p.f of 0.8
lagging. Use Nominal-T method
9 Explain the performance of single phase short Understand 2
transmission line with a phasor diagram
10 A 3-Phase, 50 Hz overhead transmission line 200 Km has Analyze 2
Resistance/Km/Phase=0.16Ω,Inductive
reactance/km/phase=0.25Ω, capacitive
susceptance/km/phase=1.5*10-6 siemen. Calculate by
Rigorous method the sending end voltage and current
when the line is delivering a load of 20Mw at 0.8 p.f.
lagging. The receiving end voltage is kept constant at
110Kv.
11 Explain Surge impedance, Surge impedance loading, Understand 2
Wave length and velocity of propagation
UNIT III
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the concept of corona? Evaluate 3
2 Explain the concept Radio Interference? Analyze 3
3 What are the different factors affecting the corona? Knowledge 3
4 What are the different system transients? Knowledge 3
5 Define Attenuation, Distortion? Knowledge 3
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 1. Define Attenuation, Distortion, Reflection and knowledge 3
Refraction
2 Explain about the Termination of a line with Open circuit Understand 3

3 Derive Reflection & Refraction coefficients for T- Understand 3

Junction
4 Explain the concept of Skin effect, Ferranti effect & Knowledge 3
Proximity effect with phasor diagram
5 What is Corona? What are the factors affecting it and Understand 3
methods to reduce corona

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 10

6 Give a brief note of: i) Charging current ii) Radio Understand 3
interference
7 A 1-phase feeder circuit has total impedance (1+j3) ohms, Analyze 3
receiving end voltage is 11 kV and current is 50L-30 deg
A. Determine:
(a) p.f. of load? (b) Load p.f. for which the drop is
maximum.
(c) Load p.f. for which impedance angle is maximum
and derive the formula used?
A 3-Phase, 220KV, 50 Hz transmission line consists of Analyse 3
1.5Cm radius conductor spaced 2m apart in equilateral
8 triangular formation. If the temperature in degrees is 40 &
atmospheric pressure is 76cm. Calculate the corona loss
per km of the line taken m`=0.85.
9 Explain about the Termination of a line with Short circuit Understand 3
and what is transient and what are the types of transients.
UNIT IV
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What are the different sag template applications? Knowledge 4
2 Define sag and tension? Understand 4
3 What are the different types of insulators? Knowledge 4
4 What are the different methods to improve string Knowledge 4
efficiency?
5 Explain about capacitance grading? Understand 4
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What is String efficiency and what are the methods to Knowledge 4
improve it
2 Each line of a 3-Phase system is suspended by a string of Knowledge 4
3 similar insulators. If the voltage across the line unit is
17.5 KV, calculate the line to neutral voltage. Assume that
the shunt capacitance between each insulator and earth is
1/5 of the capacitance of the insulator itself. Also find the
string efficiency
3 Explain about Pin type & Suspension type insulators with Understand 4
neat diagrams?
4 Explain the effect of wind & ice loading on Unequal Knowledge 4
height towers
5 An overhead line has a span of 150m between level Evaluate 4
supports. The conductor has a cross sectional area of 2
Sq.cm, Ultimate strength=5000kg/sq.cm, safety factor=5,
specific gravity=8.9gm/cc, wind pressure=1.5kg/m.
Calculate the height of the conductor above the ground
level at which it should be supported if a minimum
clearance of 7m is to be left between the ground &
conductor.

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 11

6 Give a brief note of Stringing chart& sag template along Knowledge 4
with its applications
7 Give a brief note of strain & shackle insulators with neat Understand 4
diagrams?
8 Derive an expression of SAG for Unequal height towers. Knowledge 4

9 Derive a mathematical expression for string efficiency of Knowledge 4

4 suspension type insulators
10 What is SAG? Derive an expression of SAG for equal understand 4
height supports
UNIT V
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the different types of cables? Understand 5
2 Derive the expression for capacitance of a Single core Evaluate 5
cable?
3 Compare overhead lines and underground cables? Knowledge 5
4 What are the different types of Insulating materials? Understand 5
5 Explain about Inter-sheath grading? Understand 5
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Derive an expression for capacitance of a single core Knowledge 5
cable.
2 Give a brief note of Capacitance grading mathematically. Understand 5
3 Calculate the capacitance & charging current of a single Knowledge 5
core cable used on a 3-ph, 66 KV system. The cable is 1
km long having a core diameter of 10cm & an insulation
thickness of 7cm. Relative permittivity of insulation is 4
at 50Hz.
4 What is an Underground cable & explain its construction Knowledge 5
with a neat diagram.
5 Explain about the types of cables based on operating Evaluate 5
voltage
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
UNIT-I
1. A 3-Ph, 4-Wire system is commonly used for
a) Primary Distribution b) Secondary Distribution
c) Primary Transmission d) Secondary Transmission
2. The Conductor connecting Consumer terminals to the distributor is called
a) Feeder b) Distributor
c) Service mains d) none
3. The volume of the copper required for an AC transmission line is inversely proportional
to
a) Current b) Voltage
c) Power factor d) both voltage, power factor
4. The relation of magnetic field direction to the current direction can be easily measured by

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 12

 a) Flemings Left hand rule b) Flemings Right hand rule
c) Faradays rule d) Lenz’s rule
5. Internal Flux linkage in independent of
a) Radius of the conductor b) Current in the conductor
c) Permeability d) Size of the conductor
6. Skin depth is the distance from the conductor surface where the field strength has fallen to
a) Increase its strength at the surface b) e of its strength at the surface
c) (1/e) of its strength at the surface d) (1/ e) of its strength at the surface
7. A generating station has a maximum demand of 50 Mw, a load factor of 60%, a plant
capacity factor of 45% and if the plant while running as per schedule were fully loaded.
The daily energy produced will be
a) 400 MW b) 720 MW c) 500 MW d) 600 MW
8. A single phase transmission line of impedance j 0.8 ohm supplies a resistive load of 500
A at 300 V. The sending end power factor is
a) Unity b) 0.8 lagging c) 0.8 leading d) 0.6 lagging
UNIT II
1. Transposition of lines is done mainly to
a) Reduce corona b) Reduce Charging Currents
c) Reduce Radio interference d) Reduce Over Voltages
2. Corona Losses are reduced by
a) Larger Spacing between conductors b) Smaller Resistance in the line
c) Larger diameter of the conductor d) none
3. Effect of earth is negligible if
a) Conductors are high above the earth than distance between them
b) Distance between them is higher compared to height
c) Height from earth and distance between them are equal
d) Conductors are transposed
4. Voltage regulation depends on
a) Source power factor b) Load Power factor
c) Losses of the line d) none of the above
5. Surge impedance of a line
a) Increase with length of a line b) Increase with radius of a conductor
c) Decrease with increase in length & radius d) Is independent of length
UNIT III
1. Advantage of DC transmission over AC
a) Maintenance of substations is easy b) Switches & breakers have no limits
c) No commutation problems d) Reduced corona loss & interference
2. The best material to avoid radio interference is
a) Aluminum b) Galvanized steel
c) Bundled Conductors d) Aluminum& bundled conductors
3. Distortion is found in
a) Lower frequencies b) Audible frequencies
c) Medium frequencies d) Radio frequencies
4. Zero sequence currents are found in
a) 1-ph system b) 3-ph system
c) DC system d) both 1-ph, 3-ph
5. Characteristics of a loss less line are
a) Naturally loading with low power factor at sending end
b) Naturally loading with unity power factor at both ends
c) Naturally loading with zero power factor at both ends
d) Naturally loading with zero power factor at receiving end
UNIT IV
1. The technique of coordinating power and telephone lines is

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 13

 a) Radio interference b) Transposition
c) Geometrical mean distance d) Asymmetry
2. Disadvantage of constant voltage transmission
a) Short circuit current increased b) power factor decreased
c) Losses increased d) none
3. ACSR Conductors have
a) All conductors made of aluminium b) Outer conductors made of aluminium
c) Inner conductors made of aluminium d) no conductors made of aluminium
4. Which of the following materials is not used for transmission & distribution?
a) Tungsten b) copper
c) Aluminum d) cadmium copper
5. Capacitance in equivalent circuit of a transmission line is due to
a) Current in the line b) Difference in potential of a line
c) Leakage current d) Presence of magnetic flux
UNIT V
1. Surge impedance of a overhead line is
a) Above 700 ohms b) (40-60) ohms
c) (400-600) ohms d) below 40 ohms
2. Inductance of a line is minimum when
a) GMD is high b) GMR is high
c) Both GMD & GMR high d) GMD low & GMR high
3. Increase in frequency of a transmission line causes
a) no change in line resistance b) Increase in line resistance
c) Decrease in line resistance d) Decrease in line series reactance
4. Transients in a system are caused due to
a) Resistance b) Inductance
c) Capacitance d) both b) & c)
5. When transmission line is terminated through a resistance equal to surge impedance
a) There is reflection b) There is reflection & refraction
c) There is neither reflection nor refraction d) there is refraction
6. Voltage& current waves get attenuated
a) Linearly b) parabolic ally
c) Inversely d) Exponentially
7. If terminating resistance greater than natural impedance of the line
a) There is a reflection b) There is a reflection with positive sign
c) There is no reflection d) There is a reflection with negative sign
8. The accurate technique for analyzing transient circuits
a) Differential equations b) Fourier series
c) Fourier transforms d) Laplace transforms
9. Harmonic voltages are due to
a) Natural frequency voltages b) Fundamental voltages
c) Unbalanced currents d) Balanced reactance’s
GATE:
1) For equilateral spacing of conductors of an untrasposed 3-phase line, we have
a) balanced receiving end voltage and no communication interference
b) unbalanced receiving end voltage and no communication interference
c) balanced receiving end voltage and communication interference
d) unbalanced receiving end voltage and communication interference.
2) A 100 km transmission line is designed for a nominal voltage of 132 kV and consists of
one conductor per phase. The line reactance is 0.726 ohm/km. The static transmission
capacity of the line, in Megawatts, would be
a) 132 b) 240 c) 416 d) 720

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 14

3) A 100 km long transmission line is loaded at 110 kV.if the loss of line is 5 MW and the
load is 150 MVA, the resistance of the line is
a) ohms per phase b) 0.806 ohms per phase c) 0.0806 ohms per phase d)80.6 ohms per
phase
4) Which one of the following statement. is not correct for the use of bundled conductors in
transmission lines?
a) Control of voltage gradient b) Reduction in corona 1088 c) Reduction in radio
interference (D)Increase in interference with communication lines.
5) For a 500 Hz frequency excitation, a 500 km long power line will be modeled as
a) short line b)medium line c) long line d) data insufficient for decision
6) The depth of penetration of a wave in a dielectric loss increases with increasing
a) conductivity b)permeability c) wavelength d) permittivity
7) It is possible to destroy the super conductivity of a material by applying
a) a strong magnetic field b) a temperature much below the transition temperature c) a
strong electric field d) a pressure below that of the atmosphere
8) If a high frequency AC signal, whose r.m.s. value is √2V, is applied to a PMMC
instrument, then the reading of the instrument will be
a) 2 V b) √2 V c) 1 V d)zero
IES:
1. Skin depth is the distance from conductor surface where the field strength has fallen to
a) Increase its strength at the surface b) e of its strength at the surface
c) (1/e) of its strength at the surface d) (1/ e) of its strength at the surface
2. The electric field in the vicinity of two oppositely charged parallel conductors is
(a) Radial uniformly (b) In parallel lines between the two imaginary parallel planes
passing through the centers of the two conductors
(c) Not uniform and its direction changes from point to point
(d) In parallel circular paths between the two conductors, with the centre of the circles
located at the mid-point of a line joining the two centres of the two conductors
3. Two charges are placed at a distance apart. Now, if a glass slab is inserted between them,
then the force between the charges will
(a) Reduce to zero (b) increase (c) decrease (d) not change
4. The presence of one of the following materials, in iron or steel for use as a magnetic
material, tends to reduce the hysteresis loss
(a) Carbon (b) Sulphur (c) Phosphorus (d) Silicon
5. As a result of reflections from a plane conducting wall, electromagnetic waves acquire an
apparent velocity greater than the velocity of light in space. This is called
(a) Velocity propagation (b) normal velocity (c) group velocity (d) phase velocity
6. A 75 Ω transmission line is first short-terminated and the minima locations are noted.
When the short is replaced by a resistive load RL, the minima locations are not altered
and the VSWR is measured to be 3. The value of RL is
(a) 25 Ω (b) 50Ω (c) 225Ω (d) 250Ω
7. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
List-I List-II
A. Carbon (Diamond) 1. Conducting
B. Silicon 2. Semi-conducting
C. Tin (Grey) 3. Insulating

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 15

 D. Lead
WEBSITES:
1. http://www.ee.uidaho.edu/ee/power/ee
2. http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/symbol.htm
3. http://nptelonlinecourses.iitm.ac.in/
EXPERT DETAILS:
1. Prof. Govind Sharma, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology, Kanpur.
2. Prof. S.C. Dutta Roy, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology, Delhi.

JOURNALS:

1. IEEE Transaction on Power systems

LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT’S SEMINARS:

1. Corona & formation

2. Nominal methods
3. Rigorous method of long lines
4. Skin & proximity effects
5. Ferranti effect
6. Proximity effect
7. Types of insulators
8. Methods of improving string efficiency
9. Sag and tension
10. Underground cables

CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS:

1. Power factor improvement on transmission lines by condensers.

2. Insulator design’s

EEE IIIYr I Sem Page 16