15

Electric Charges and Fields P-235

Electric Charges
and Fields
Electric Charges and Coulomb's
TOPIC 1
Law +Q
1. Three charges + Q, q, + Q are placed respectively, at
distance, d/2 and d from the origin, on the x-axis. If the net –Q
force experienced by + Q, placed at x = 0, is zero, then
value of q is: [9 Jan. 2019 I]
(a) – Q/4 (b) + Q/2 (c) + Q/4 (d) – Q/2
2. Charge is distributed within a sphere of radius R with a (a) s1 ¹ 0, Q1 = 0 (b) s1 ¹ 0, Q1 = 0
s2 = 0, Q2 = 0 s2 ¹ 0, Q2 = 0
A -2r a (c) s1 = 0, Q1 = 0 (d) s1 ¹ 0, Q1 ¹ 0
volume charge density p(r) = e where A and a
r2 s2 = 0, Q2 = 0 s2 ¹ 0, Q2 ¹ 0
are constants. If Q is the total charge of this charge 5. Two charges, each equal to q, are kept at x = – a and x = a
distribution, the radius R is: [9 Jan. 2019, II] q
on the x-axis. A particle of mass m and charge q 0 = is
2
æ ö placed at the origin. If charge q0 is given a small
æ Q ö a ç 1 ÷ displacement (y <<a) along the y-axis, the net force acting
(a) a log ç 1 - ÷ (b) log ç ÷ on the particle is proportional to [2013]
è 2paA ø 2 çç 1 - Q ÷÷
è 2paA ø 1 1
(a) y (b) –y (c) (d) –
y y
æ ö 6. Two balls of same mass and carrying equal charge are
ç 1 ÷ a æ Q ö hung from a fixed support of length l. At electrostatic
(c) a log ç ÷ (d) log ç 1 - ÷ equilibrium, assuming that angles made by each thread is
çç 1 - Q ÷÷ 2 è 2paA ø small, the separation, x between the balls is proportional
è 2paA ø to : [Online April 9, 2013]
3. Two identical conducting spheres A and B, carry equal (a) l (b) l 2 (c) l 2/3 (d) l 1/3
charge. They are separated by a distance much larger than 7. Two identical charged spheres suspended from a common
their diameter, and the force between them is F. A third point by two massless strings of length l are initially a
distance d(d << l) apart because of their mutual repulsion.
identical conducting sphere, C, is uncharged. Sphere C is
The charge begins to leak from both the spheres at a
first touched to A, then to B, and then removed. As a constant rate. As a result charges approach each other
result, the force between A and B would be equal to with a velocity v. Then as a function of distance x between
[Online April 16, 2018] them, [2011]
3F F 3F (a) v µ x–1 (b) v µ x½ (c) v µ x (d) v µ x–½
(a) (b) (c) F (d) 8. A charge Q is placed at each of the opposite corners of a
4 2 8
square. A charge q is placed at each of the other two
4. Shown in the figure are two point charges +Q and –Q
corners. If the net electrical force on Q is zero, then Q/q
inside the cavity of a spherical shell. The charges are kept
equals: [2009]
near the surface of the cavity on opposite sides of the
1
centre of the shell. If s1 is the surface charge on the inner (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) - (d) -2 2
surface and Q1 net charge on it and s2 the surface charge 2
9. If gE and gM are the accelerations due to gravity on the
on the outer surface and Q2 net charge on it then :
surfaces of the earth and the moon respectively and if
[Online April 10, 2015]
Millikan’s oil drop experiment could be performed on the
P-236 Physics

two surfaces, one will find the ratio [2007] 1 Qq 1 Qq

electronic charge on the moon
(a) F = for r < R (b) > F > 0 for r < R
to be 4pe0 R 2 4pe 0 R 2
electronic charge on the earth
1 Qq 1 Qq
(a) gM / g E (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) g E / g M (c) F = for r > R (d) F = for all r
4pe0 R 2 4pe0 R 2
10. Two spherical conductors B and C having equal radii and 15. Two charged thin infinite plane sheets of uniform surface
carrying equal charges on them repel each other with a
charge density s + and s – , where | s + | > | s – |, intersect
force F when kept apart at some distance. A third spherical
conductor having same radius as that B but uncharged is at right angle. Which of the following best represents the
brought in contact with B, then brought in contact with C electric field lines for this system ? [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
s–
and finally removed away from both. The new force of
repulsion between B and C is [2004]
(a) F/8 (b) 3 F/4 (c) F/4 (d) 3 F/8
11. Three charges –q1 , +q2 and –q3 are place as shown in the
figure. The x - component of the force on –q 1 is (a) s+
proportional to [2003]
Y
q3
s–

a
b
(b) s+
q1 +q 2 X
q2 q3 q 2 q3
(a) 2 - 2 cos q (b) 2 + sin q
b a b a2 s–
q q q q
(c) 2 + 3 cos q (d) 2 - 3 sin q
2
a2
2 2
b a b
12. If a charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two
equal charges Q such that the system is in equilibrium (c) s+
then the value of q is [2002]
(a) Q/2 (b) –Q/2 (c) Q/4 (d) –Q/4

Electric Field and Electric Field s–

TOPIC 2
Lines
13. Charges Q1 and Q2 are at points A and B of a right angle
triangle OAB (see figure). The resultant electric field at (d) s+
point O is perpendicular to the hypotenuse, then Q1/Q2 is
proportional to : [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
A
Q1
16. A particle of charge q and mass m is subjected to an electric
x1 field E = E0 (1 – ax2) in the x-direction, where a and E0 are
constants. Initially the particle was at rest at x = 0. Other
Q2 than the initial position the kinetic energy of the particle
O x2 B becomes zero when the distance of the particle from the
origin is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
x13 x2 x1 x2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 3 1
x23 x1 x2 x12 (a) a (b) (c) (d)
a a a
14. Consider the force F on a charge ‘q’ due to a uniformly 17. A charged particle (mass m and charge q) moves along X
charged spherical shell of radius R carrying charge Q dis- axis with velocity V0. When it passes through the origin it
tributed uniformly over it. Which one of the following state- r
enters a region having uniform electric field E = - Ejˆ which
ments is true for F, if ‘q’ is placed at distance r from the
extends upto x = d. Equation of path of electron in the
centre of the shell? [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
region x > d is : [Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
Electric Charges and Fields P-237

Y ur
20. An electric dipole of moment p = (iˆ - 3 ˆj + 2kˆ) ´ 10-29 C.m
E is at the origin (0, 0, 0). The electric field due to this dipole
O X r
V0 at r = +iˆ + 3 ˆj + 5kˆ
d r ur
(note that r . p = 0) is parallel to: [9 Jan. 2020, I]

qEd qEd æ d ö (a) (+iˆ - 3 ˆj - 2kˆ) (b) (-iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ)

(a) y = (x - d ) (b) y = 2 ç
- x÷
mV02 mV0 è 2 ø (c) (+iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ) (d) (-iˆ - 3 ˆj + 2kˆ)
qEd qEd 2 21. A charged particle of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ moving under
(c) y = x (d) y = x
mV02 mV02 the influence of uniform electric field Eiˆ and a uniform
18. A small point mass carrying some positive charge on it, is r
magnetic field Bk follows a trajectory from point P to Q as
released from the edge of a table. There is a uniform electric shown in figure. The velocities at P and Q are respectively,
field in this region in the horizontal direction. Which of the r r
following options then correctly describe the trajectory of vi and -2vj . Then which of the following statements
the mass ? (Curves are drawn schematically and are not to (A, B, C, D) are the correct? (Trajectory shown is
scale). [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] schematic and not to scale) [9 Jan. 2020, I]
E Y
x
E
P B
v
y a
y y
O X
2a Q
(a) (b)
2v
x x
3 æ mv 2 ö
y y (A) E = 4 çç qa ÷÷
è ø
(c) (d) 3 æ mv 2 ö
x x (B) Rate of work done by the electric field at P is 4 çç a ÷÷
è ø
19. Consider a sphere of radius R which carries a uniform (C) Rate of work done by both the fields at Q is zero
R (D) The difference between the magnitude of angular
charge density r. If a sphere of radius is carved out of
2 momentum of the particle at P and Q is 2 mav.
ur
EA (a) (A), (C), (D) (b) (B), (C), (D)
it, as shown, the ratio ur of magnitude of electric (c) (A), (B), (C) (d) (A), (B), (C) , (D)
EB
ur ur 22. Three charged particles
field E A and E B , respectively, at points A and B due to y
the remaining portion is: [9 Jan. 2020, I] 2q –4q
B d A
150° d
30° x
O 30°
d
C
–2q

A, B and C with charges – 4q, 2q and –2q are present on

the circumference of a circle of radius d. The charged
particles A, C and centre O of the circle formed an
equilateral triangle as shown in figure. Electric field at O
along x-direction is: [8 Jan. 2020, I]
21 18 17 18 3q 2 3q 3q 3 3q
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
34 34 54 54 p Î0 d 2
p Î0 d 2
4p Î0 d 2
4p Î0 d 2
P-238 Physics

23. A particle of mass m and charge q is released from rest in 27. Four point charges –q, +q, + q and –q are placed on y-axis
a uniform electric field. If there is no other force on the at y = –2d, y = –d, y = +d and y = +2d, respectively. The
particle, the dependence of its speed v on the distance x magnitude of the electric field E at a point on the x-axis at
travelled by it is correctly given by (graphs are schematic x = D, with D>> d, will behave as: [9 April 2019, II]
and not drawn to scale) [8 Jan. 2020, II]
1 1 1 1
(a) E µ 3 (b) E µ (c) E µ 4 (d) E µ 2
D D D D
v v
28. The bob of a simple pendulum has mass 2 g and a charge
(a) (b) of 5.0 ¼C. It is at rest in a uniform horizontal electric field
x x of intensity 2000 V/m. At equilibrium, the angle that the
pendulum makes with the vertical is : [8 April 2019 I]
v v (take g = 10 m/s2)
(c) (d) (a) tan–1 (2.0) (b) tan –1 (0.2)
(c) tan–1 (5.0) (d) tan –1 (0.5)
x x
24. Two infinite planes each with uniform surface charge 29. For a uniformly charged ring of radius R, the electric field
density +s are kept in such a way that the angle between on its axis has the largest magnitude at a distance h from
them is 30°. The electric field in the region shown between its centre. Then value of h is: [9 Jan. 2019 I]
them is given by: [7 Jan. 2020, I] R R
(a) (b) (c) R (d) R 2
y 5 2
30. Two point charges q1 ( 10 mC) and q2 (– 25 mC) are
30°
x placed on the x-axis at x = 1 m and x = 4 m respectively.
s é xˆ ù s é æ 3ö xˆ ù The electric field (in V/m) at a point y = 3 m on y-axis
(a) ê (1 + 3) yˆ - ú (b) êç1 + ÷ yˆ + ú is, [9 Jan 2019, II]
2 Î0 ë 2û Î0 ëêè 2 ø 2 ûú
é 1 ù
s éæ 3ö xˆ ù ê take = 9 ´ 109 Nm 2 C -2 ú
(c)
s é
2 Î0 ëê ( ) xˆ ù
1 + 3 yˆ + ú (d)
2û
êç1 -
2 Î0 ëêè ÷
2 ø
yˆ - ú
2 ûú
ë 4p Î0 û

25. A particle of mass m and charge q has an initial velocity (a) (63 î – 27 ĵ ) × 102 (b) (– 63 î + 27 ĵ ) × 102
r r r
v = v0 $j . If an electric field E = E0 i and magnetic field (c) (81 î – 81 ĵ ) × 102 (d) (–81 î + 81 ĵ ) × 102
r 31. A body of mass M and charge q is connected to a spring
B = B0iˆ act on the particle, its speed will double after a of spring constant k. It is oscillating along x-direction about
time: [7 Jan 2020, II] its equilibrium position, taken to be at x = 0, with an
2mv0 3mv0 3mv0 2mv0 amplitude A. An electric field E is applied along the
(a) qE (b) qE (c) (d) qE0 x-direction. Which of the following statements is correct?
0 0 qE0
[Online April 15, 2018]
26. A simple pendulum of length L is placed between the
plates of a parallel plate capacitor having electric field E, 1 1 q2 E2
(a) The total energy of the system is mw2 A2 +
as shown in figure. Its bob has mass m and charge q. The 2 2 k
time period of the pendulum is given by : 2qE
(b) The new equilibrium position is at a distance:
[10 April 2019, II] k
from x = 0
qE
(c) The new equilibrium position is at a distance:
2k
from x = 0
2 2
1 2 2 1q E
(d) The total energy of the system is mw A –
2 2 k
32. A solid ball of radius R has a charge density r given by
æ rö
L L r = r0 ç1 - ÷ for 0 £ r £ R. The electric field outside
2p 2p è Rø
(a) æ qE ö (b) q2 E2
çg+ ÷ g2 - the ball is: [Online April 15, 2018]
è m ø m2
r0 R 3 4r0 R 3 3r 0 R 3 r0 R 3
L L (a) (b) (c) (d)
2p 2p e0 r 2 3e 0 r 2 4e 0 r 2 12e0 r 2
2
(c) æ qE ö (d) æ qE ö
çg- ÷ g2 + ç ÷
è m ø è m ø
Electric Charges and Fields P-239

33. A long cylindrical shell carries positive surface charge s in 37. The magnitude of the average electric field normally
the upper half and negative surface charge - s in the lower present in the atmosphere just above the surface of the
half. The electric field lines around the cylinder will look Earth is about 150 N/C, directed inward towards the center
like figure given in : (figures are schematic and not drawn of the Earth. This gives the total net surface charge carried
to scale) [2015] by the Earth to be: [Online April 9, 2014]
[Given eo = 8.85 × 10–12 C2/N-m2, RE = 6.37 × 106 m]
(a) (b) (a) + 670 kC (b) – 670 kC
(c) – 680 kC (d) + 680 kC
38. The surface charge density of a thin charged disc of radius
(c) (d) C ield Lines R is s. The value of the electric field at the centre of the
s
34. A wire of length L (=20 cm), is bent into a semicircular disc is . With respect to the field at the centre, the
2 Î0
arc. If the two equal halves of the arc were each to be
uniformly charged with charges ± Q, [|Q| = 103e0 electric field along the axis at a distance R from the centre
Coulomb where e0 is the permittivity (in SI units) of free of the disc : [Online April 25, 2013]
space] the net electric field at the centre O of the (a) reduces by 70.7% (b) reduces by 29.3%
semicircular arc would be : [Online April 11, 2015] (c) reduces by 9.7% (d) reduces by 14.6%
Y 39. A liquid drop having 6 excess electrons is kept stationary
under a uniform electric field of 25.5 kVm–1. The density of
liquid is 1.26 × 103 kg m–3. The radius of the drop is (neglect
buoyancy). [Online April 23, 2013]
(a) 4.3 × 10–7 m (b) 7.8 × 10–7 m
(c) 0.078 × 10–7 m (d) 3.4 × 10–7 m
O X O
40. In a uniformly charged sphere of total charge Q and radius
(a) (50 × 10 N/C) $j
3
(b) (50 × 103 N/C) $i R, the electric field E is plotted as function of distance
(c) (25 × 103 N/C) $j (d) (25 × 103 N/C) $i from the centre, The graph which would correspond to the
35. A thin disc of radius b = 2a has a concentric hole of radius above will be: [2012]
‘a’ in it (see figure). It carries uniform surface charge ‘s’
on it. If the electric field on its axis at height ‘h’ (h << a) E(r) E(r)
from its centre is given as ‘Ch’ then value of ‘C’ is :
[Online April 10, 2015] (a) (b)
s
(a) r
4aÎ0 r
s
(b)
8aÎ0
E(r)
s E(r)
(c)
aÎ0 (c) (d)
s
(d) r
2aÎ0 r
36. A spherically symmetric charge distribution is characterised 41. Three positive charges of equal value q are placed at
by a charge density having the following variations: vertices of an equilateral triangle. The resulting lines of
æ rö force should be sketched as in [Online May 26, 2012]
r ( r ) = ro ç1 - ÷ for r < R
è Rø
r(r) = 0 for r ³ R
Where r is the distance from the centre of the charge
distribution ro is a constant. The electric field at an internal (a) (b)
point (r < R) is: [Online April 12, 2014]

ro æ r r 2 ö ro æ r r 2 ö
(a) ç - ÷ (b) ç - ÷
4eo çè 3 4R ÷ø eo çè 3 4R ÷ø
(c) (d)
ro æ r r 2 ö ro æ r r 2 ö
(c) ç - ÷ (d) ç - ÷
3eo çè 3 4R ÷ø 12eo çè 3 4R ÷ø
P-240 Physics

42. A thin semi-circular ring of radius r has a positive charge q E(r)

ur E(r)
distributed uniformly over it. The net field E at the centre
O is [2010]
j (a) (b) r
r O R
O R

E(r) E(r)
i
O
q ˆj q ˆj
(a) 2 2 (b) -
4p e 0 r 4p e 0 r 2
2
(c) r (d)
O R r
q ˆ q ˆj O R
(c) - 2 2 j (d)
2p e 0 r 2p e 0 r 2
2

43. Let there be a spherically symmetric charge distribution 47. Two spherical conductors A and B of radii 1 mm and 2 mm
are separated by a distance of 5 cm and are uniformly
æ5 rö charged. If the spheres are connected by a conducting
with charge density varying as r(r ) = r0 çè - ÷ø upto r
4 R wire then in equilibrium condition, the ratio of the
= R , and r(r ) = 0 for r > R , where r is the distance from magnitude of the electric fields at the surfaces of spheres
A and B is [2006]
the origin. The electric field at a distance r(r < R) from the
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
origin is given by [2010]
48. Two point charges + 8q and – 2q are located at
r0 r æ 5 r ö 4pr0 r æ 5 r ö x = 0 and x = L respectively. The location of a point on the
(a) ç - ÷ (b) 3e çè 3 - R ÷ø
4e 0 è 3 R ø 0 x axis at which the net electric field due to these two point
r0 r æ 5 r ö r0 r æ 5 r ö charges is zero is [2005]
(c) ç - ÷ (d) 3ε çè 4 - ÷ø
4ε0 è 4 R ø 0 R L
(a) (b) 2 L (c) 4 L (d) 8 L
44. This question contains Statement-1 and Statement-2. Of 4
the four choices given after the statements, choose the 49. A charged ball B hangs from a silk thread S, which makes
one that best describes the two statements. an angle q with a large charged conducting sheet P, as
Statement-1 : For a charged particle moving from point P
shown in the figure. The surface charge density s of the
to point Q, the net work done by an electrostatic field on
sheet is proportional to [2005]
the particle is independent of the path connecting point P
to point Q.
Statement-2 : The net work done by a conservative force
on an object moving along a closed loop is zero. [2009] P
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 q
is the correct explanation of Statement-1. S
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is not the correct explanation of Statement-1.
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. B
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
Q (a) cot q (b) cos q (c) tan q (d) sin q
45. Let r (r ) = r be the charge density distribution for 50. Four charges equal to -Q are placed at the four corners of
p R4 a square and a charge q is at its centre. If the system is in
a solid sphere of radius R and total charge Q. For a point equilibrium the value of q is [2004]
‘P’ inside the sphere at distance r1 from the centre of the
sphere, the magnitude of electric field is : [2009] Q Q
(a) - (1 + 2 2) (b) (1 + 2 2)
Q Qr1 2 2 4
(a) 2 (b)
4p Î0 r1 4p Î0 R4 Q Q
(c) - (1 + 2 2) (d) (1 + 2 2)
4 2
Qr12
(c) (d) 0 51. A charged oil drop is suspended in a uniform field of 3×104
3p Î0 R4 v/m so that it neither falls nor rises. The charge on the
46. A thin spherical shell of radus R has charge Q spread drop will be (Take the mass of the charge = 9.9×10–15 kg
uniformly over its surface. Which of the following graphs and g = 10 m/s2) [2004]
most closely represents the electric field E(r) produced by (a) 1.6×10–18 C (b) 3.2×10–18 C
the shell in the range 0 £ r < ¥, where r is the distance from (c) 3.3×10–18 C (d) 4.8×10–18 C
the centre of the shell? [2008]
Electric Charges and Fields P-241

(a) surface change density on the inner surface is uniform

Electric Dipole, Electric Flux
TOPIC 3 and Gauss's Law Q/2
and equal to
4 pa 2
52. Two identical electric point dipoles have dipole moments (b) electric field outside the shell is the same as that of a
® ® point charge at the centre of the shell.
P1 = P$i and P2 = - P$i and are held on the x axis at distance (c) surface charge density on the outer surface depends
‘a’ from each other. When released, they move along x- r
on P
axis with the direction of their dipole moments remaining
(d) surface charge density on the inner surface of the
unchanged. If the mass of each dipole is ‘m’, their speed
shell is zero everywhere.-
when they are infinitely far apart is : [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
56. Let a total charge 2 Q be distributed in a sphere of radius
P 1 P 1 R, with the charge density given by r(r) = kr, where r is
(a) (b) the distance from the centre. Two charges A and B, of – Q
a pe 0 ma a 2pe 0 ma
each, are placed on diametrically opposite points, at equal
P 2 P 2 distance, a, from the centre. If A and B do not experience
(c) (d)
a pe 0 ma a 2 pe 0 ma any force, then. [12 April 2019, II]
ur 3R
53. An electric field E = 4 xiˆ - ( y 2 + 1) ˆj N/C passes through (a) a = 8–1/4 R (b) a =
the box shown in figure. The flux of the electric field 21/ 4
through surfaces ABCD and BCGF are marked as f1 and (c) a = 2–1/4 R (d)
a = R/ 3
f11 respectively. The difference between (f1 – f11) is (in
57. An electric dipole is formed by two equal and opposite
Nm2/C) _______. [9 Jan 2020, II]
charges q with separation d. The charges have same mass
z
m. It is kept in a uniform electric field E. If it is slightly
A (0, 0, 2) B
(3, 0, 2)
rotated from its equilibrium orientation, then its angular
frequency w is : [8 April 2019, II]
D C
(0, 2, 2)
(3, 2, 2) qE 2qE qE qE
E F (a) (b) (c) 2 (d)
x md md md 2md
(0, 0, 0) (3, 0, 0)
H G
58. An electric field of 1000 V/m is applied to an electric dipole
(0, 2, 0) (3, 2, 0)
at angle of 45°. The value of electric dipole moment is
y 10–29 C.m. What is the potential energy of the electric
54. In finding the electric field using Gauss law the formula dipole? [11 Jan 2019, II]
r q (a) –20 × 10–18 J (b) –7 × 10 –27 J
| E | = enc is applicable. In the formula Î is (c) –10 × 10–29 J (d) – 9 × 10–20 J
Î | A|
0
0

permittivity of free space, A is the area of Gaussian surface 59. Charges – q and + q located at A and B, respectively,
and qenc is charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface. This constitute an electric dipole. Distance AB = 2a, O is the
equation can be used in which of the following situation? mid point of the dipole and OP is perpendicular to AB.
A charge Q is placed at P where OP = y and y >> 2a. The
[8 Jan 2020, I]
charge Q experiences an electrostatic force F. If Q is now
(a) Only when the Gaussian surface is an equipotential moved along the equatorial line to P¢ such that OP¢
surface.
Only when the Gaussian surface is an æ yö æy ö
r = ç ÷ , the force on Q will be close to: ç >> 2a ÷
3
è ø è 3 ø
(b) equipotential surface and | E | is constant on the surface. P [10 Jan 2019, II]
r
(c) Only when | E | = constant on the surface.
(d) For any choice of Gaussian surface.
55. Shown in the figure is a shell made of a conductor. It has
inner radius a and outer radius b, and carries charge Q. At Q P¢
ur
its centre is a dipole p as shown. In this case : O
A B
[12 April 2019, I] –q +q

F
(a) 3 F (b) (c) 9 F (d) 27 F
3
P-242 Physics

60. A charge Q is placed at a distance a/2 above the centre of the through a circular surface of radius 0.02 m parallel to the Y-
square surface of edge a as shown in the figure. The electric Z plane is nearly: [Online April 19, 2014]
flux through the square surface is: (a) 0.125 Nm2/C (b) 0.02 Nm2/C
[Online April 15, 2018] (c) 0.005 Nm /C 2 (d) 3.14 Nm2/C
ur ur
Q 65. Two point dipoles of dipole moment p1 and p 2 are at a
(a) 3e P ur ur
0 distance x from each other and p1 || p 2 . The force between
a/2
Q the dipoles is : [Online April 9, 2013]
(b) 6e 1 4 p1 p2 1 3 p1 p2
0 (a) (b)
4pe0 x 4 4pe0 x3
Q
(c) 2e 1 6 p1 p2 1 8 p1 p2
0 (c) (d)
4pe0 x 4 4pe0 x 4
Q a
66. The flat base of a hemisphere of radius a with no charge
(d) e inside it lies in a horizontal plane. A uniform electric field
0
ur ® p
61. An electric dipole has a fixed dipole moment p , which E is applied at an angle with the vertical direction. The
4
makes angle q with respect to x-axis. When subjected to
uur ur electric flux through the curved surface of the hemisphere
an electric field E1 = Eiˆ , it experiences a torque T1 = t iˆ . is [Online May 19, 2012]
uur
When subjected to another electric field E2 = 3E1 ˆj it 45° ®
uur ur E
experiences torque T2 = -T1 . The angle q is : [2017]
(a) 60° (b) 90° (c) 30° (d) 45°
62. Four closed surfaces and corresponding charge distribu-
tions are shown below. [Online April 9, 2017]

5q
q 8q
2q –q 3q
–2q
q q q q pa2 E
–4q (a) pa2 E (b)
S1 S2 S3 2
S4
Let the respective electric fluxes through the surfaces be pa2 E
( p + 2) pa 2 E
F 1, F 2, F 3, and F 4. Then : (c)
2 2
(d)
2 2 (
2
)
(a) F 1< F2 = F 3 > F4 (b) F 1> F2 > F 3 > F4 67. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30° to a non-
(c) F 1= F2 = F 3 = F4 (d) F 1> F 3 ; F 2 < F4 uniform electric field. The dipole will experience [2006]
63. The region between two concentric spheres of radii 'a' and (a) a translational force only in the direction of the field
'b', respectively (see figure), have volume charge density (b) a translational force only in a direction normal to
A the direction of the field
r= , where A is a constant and r is the distance from
r (c) a torque as well as a translational force
the centre. At the centre of the spheres is a point charge (d) a torque only
Q. The value of A such that the electric field in the region
between the spheres will be constant, is: [2016] 68. If the electric flux entering and leaving an enclosed surface
respectively is f1 and f2, the electric charge inside the surface
will be [2003]
(a) (f2 – f1)eo (b) (f1 – f2)/eo
a
(c) (f2 – f1)/eo (d) (f1 – f2)eo
Q
b 69. A charged particle q is placed at the centre O of cube of
length L (A B C D E F G H). Another same charge q is
placed at a distance L from O. Then the electric flux
2Q 2Q through ABCD is E F
[2002]
( )
(a) (b)
p a -b2 2
pa 2 D
c
O
q q
Q Q H

( )
(c) (d) G
2 pa 2 2 p b2 - a 2 A
B
L
64. The electric field in a region of space is given by,
r (a) q /4 p Î0 L (b) zero
E = Eoˆi + 2Eoˆj where Eo = 100 N/C. The flux of the field (c) q/2 p Î0 L (d) q/3 p Î0 L
Electric Charges and Fields P-243

d y
1. (a) Fa Fb
+Q d/2 q d/2 +Q F F
Force due to charge + Q, 5. (a) x
q a a q
KQQ
Fa = 2
d Þ F sin q
Force due to charge q, F sin q
KQq
Fb = 2F cos q
2
ædö Þ Fnet = 2F cosq
ç ÷
è2ø
For equilibrium, æqö
2kq ç ÷
r r è2ø y
Fa + Fb = 0 Fnet = 2
×
æ y2 + a2 ö y + a2
2
kQQ kQq ç ÷
Þ + Q è ø
= 0 \q = -
d2 ( d / 2) 2
4 æqö
2kq ç ÷ y
2
Fnet = 2 è 2 ø 3/2
R
A –2r/a
2. (b) Q = ò rdv = ò
r2
e ( 4pr 2dr ) (y +a )
(Q y << a)
0

kq2 y
R
æ ö
R
ç e –2r/a ÷ Þ So, F µ y
= 4 pA ò e dr = 4 p A ç
–2r/a
÷ a3
0 ç –2 ÷ 6. (d)
è a ø0
æ aö
(
= 4pA ç – ÷ e –2R/a –1
è 2ø
) l
q

Q = 2paA(1–e–2R/a) dr
Tcos q
q
æ ö
ç ÷ r Tsin q
a 1 q Fe
R = log ç ÷ q
ç 1– Q ÷
2 x
è 2paA ø
mg
3. (d) Spheres A and B carry equal charge say 'q'
In equilibrium, Fe = T sin q
kqq
\ Force between them, F = 2 mg = T cos q
r
q
When A and C are touched, charge on both q A = q C = Fe q2
2 tan q = =
Then when B and C are touched, charge on B mg 4p Î0 x 2 ´ mg
q
+q x/2
3q also tan q » sin =
qB = 2 = l
2 4
Now, the force between charge qA and qB x q2
q 3q Hence, 2l =
k´
´ 2 4p Î0 x 2 ´ mg
kq A q B 2 4 = 3 kq = 3 F
F' = = 2q 2 l
r2 r2 8 r2 8 Þ x3 =
4. (c) Inside the cavity net charge is zero. 4p Î0 mg
\ Q1 = 0 and s1 = 0 æ q2l ö
1/3

There is no effect of point charges +Q, –Q and induced \ x = çç ÷÷

charge on inner surface on the outer surface. è 2p Î0 mg ø
\ Q2 = 0 and s2 = 0 Therefore x µ l1/3
P-244 Physics

7. (d) From figure x is distance between the spheres. When third spherical
T cos q = mg ....(i) conductor comes in contact with B charge on B is halved
T sin q = Fe ....(ii) Q Q
i.e., and charge on third sphere becomes . Now it is
2 2
Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we get
touched to C, charge then equally distributes themselves
sin q Fe to make potential same, hence charge on C becomes
Þ cos q = mg Þ Fe = mg tan q
æ Q ö 1 3Q
.
kq 2 x 2mg tan q çè Q + ÷ø =
Þ = mg tan q Þ q2 = 2 2 4
x2 k
Since q is small æ 3Q ö æ Q ö
QC¢ QB¢ ç ÷ç ÷ 3 Q2
4 øè 2 ø
\ tan q » sin q =
x \ Fnew = k =kè = k
2l x2 x2 8 x2
x 3mg 3
\ q2 = Þ q2 µ x3/2 or Fnew = F
2 kl 8
11. (b) Force applied by charge q2 on q1
qq
l q l F12 = k 1 22
Tcosq b
Force applied by charge q3 on q1
T
q Tsinq
Fe qq F12
x F13 = k 1 23
a F13 sin q
mg The X-component of net q
force (Fx) on
dq 3 dx 3 q1 is F12 + F13 sin q
Þ a x = xV
dt 2 dt 2 qq qq
\ Fx = k 1 22 + k 1 22 sin q
dq b a F13
Since = const. F13cos q
dt q q
Þ v µ x–1/2 [Q q2 µ x3] \ Fx µ 22 + 32 sin q
8. (d) Let F be the force between Q and Q. The force b a
between q and Q should be attractive for net force on Q to 12. (d) At equilibrium net force is zero,
be zero. Let F¢ be the force between Q and q. The resultant Q ´Q Qq
of F¢ and F¢ is R. For equilibrium \k 2
+k 2 =0
p(q)
(2 x ) x
A(Q)
x x
l R F¢ Q q Q
Q
Q
Þ q=-
D(q) 4
F¢ C
F kQ2
Net force on Q at C is zero. 13. (c) Electric field due charge Q2, E2 =
r r x22
\ R+ F = 0 Þ 2 F¢ = -F
kQ1
Qq Q2 Electric field due charge Q1, E1 =
Þ 2´k = -k x12
2 2
l ( 2 l) Q1 A
Q
Þ = -2 2
q
x1
9. (b) It is obvious that by charge conservaiton law,
electronic charge does not depend on acceleration due to q
gravity as it is a universal constant. O 90–q q
E2 Q2
So, electronic charge on earth x2 B
= electronic charge on moon q
\ Required ratio = 1. Enet E1
C From figure,
B
10. (d) × E x kQ2 x
r r tan q = 2 = 1 Þ = 1
E1 x2 kQ x2
Q Q x22 ´ 21
Initial force, F = K B 2 C x1
x
Electric Charges and Fields P-245

y
Q2 x12 x1 Q x Q x v0
Þ 2
= Þ 2 = 2 or, 1 = 1 . t=0
Q1 x2 x 2 Q1 x1 Q2 x 2
14. (c) For spherical shell
1 Q
E= (if r ³ R ) (d, –y0)
4pe 0 r 2
=0 (if r < R) P q vx
vy vnet
Force on charge in electried field, F = qE
\F = 0 (For r < R) vy qEt0 æ d ö
tan q = = , çt = ÷
1 Qq vx m × v0 è v0 ø
F= (For r > R)
4pe 0 r 2
15. (c) The electric field produced due to uniformly charged qEd , Slope = - qEd
tan q =
infinite plane is uniform. So option (b) and (d) are wrong. m × v02 mv02
And +ve charge density s+ is bigger in magnitude so its r
field along Y direction will be bigger than field of –ve charge No electric field Þ Fnet = 0, v = const.
density s– in X direction. Hence option (c) is correct.
–s ì qEd ü
E1 ïm = ï
ER ER –s y = mx + c, í mv02 ý
E1 ï(d , - y ) ï
E î 0 þ
E
E2 E2 -qEd qEd 2
+s - y0 = , d + c Þ c = - y0 +
+s mv02 mv02
1
E - qEd qEd 2
E y= x - y0 +
mv02 mv02
16. (c) Given,
2
Electric field, E = E0 (1 - x 2 ) 1 qE æ d ö 1 qEd 2
y0 = × =
2 m çè v0 ÷ø 2 mv02
\ Force, F = qE = qE0 (1 - x2 )
- qEdx 1 qEd 2 qEd 2
y= - +
dv æ dv ö mv02 2 mv02 mv02
Also, F = ma = mv çèQ a = v ÷ø
dx dx
- qEd 1 qEd 2 qEd æ d ö
dv y= + Þy= 2 ç
- x÷
\ mv = qE0 (1 - x 2 ) mv0 2
2 mv0 2
mv0 è 2 ø
dx 18. (d) Net force acting on the particle,
qE0 (1 - x 2 )dx r
Þ v dv = F = qEiˆ + mgjˆ
m Net acceleration of particle is constant, initial velocity is
Integrating both sides we get, zero therefore path is straight line.
v x 2E
qE0 (1 - x 2 )dx ax =
Þ ò v dv = ò
m m
0 0

v 2 qE0 æ 9 x3 ö
Þ = çç x - ÷=0 2
2 m è 3 ÷ø a=
æ 2E ö 2
çè ÷ +g
ay = g mø
3
Þx= æ Rö
a 19. (b) Electric field at A ç R ' = ÷
è 2ø
17. (b) Fx = 0, ax = 0, (v)x = constant
q
d E A .ds =
Time taken to reach at ' P ' = = t0 (let) ...(i) e0
v0 B A
3
4 æRö
1 qE 2 r´ p ç ÷
(Along – y), y0 = 0 + × × t0 ...(ii) r 3 è2ø 3R
2 m Þ EA = R/2
2 2
æRö
e 0 × 4p ç ÷
è2ø
P-246 Physics

r s ( R / 2 ) æ sR ö Electric field due to charge +2q at centre O

Þ EA = =ç ÷
3e0 r 2q é 3iˆ – ˆj ù
è 6e 0 ø E1 =
1
´ 2ê ú
Electric fields at ‘B’ 4pe0 d ë 2 û
3 Electric field due to charge –2q at centre O
4 4 æRö
r k ´ r´ pR 3 k ´ r´ p ç ÷ r
3 3 è2ø 1 2q é 3iˆ – ˆj ù
EB = - E2 = ´ 2ê ú
2 2 4pe 0 d ë 2 û
R æ 3R ö
ç ÷ Electric field due to charge –4q at centre O
è 2 ø
r 1 4q é 3iˆ + ˆj ù
r sR æ 1 ö ( s ) 4p æ R ö
3
E3 = ´ 2ê ú
Þ EB = -ç ÷ ç ÷ 4pe0 d ë 2 û
3e 0 è 4pe0 ø æ 3R ö2 3 è 2 ø
\ Net electric field at point O
ç ÷
è 2 ø r r r r 3q ˆ
r E0 = E1 + E2 + E3 = i
sR sR pe 0 d 2
Þ EB = -
3e0 54e 0 v
23. (b)
17 æ sR ö
Þ EB = ç ÷
54 è e0 ø

E A 1´ 54 æ 9 ö 9 2 18
= =ç ÷= ´ = x
EB 6 ´17 è 17 ø 17 2 34
Using
r r v2 – u2 = 2aS ...(i)
20. (c) Since r × p = 0
Here, u = 0, s = x
r r
E must be antiparallel to p Also, Felectric = ma
qE qE
(
\ Ê is parallel to iˆ + 3 ˆj - 2kˆ ) Þ qE = ma Þ a =
m
Þ a=
m
21. (c) (A) By work energy theorem Substituting the values in (i) we get
1 2 1
2qE
Wmg + Wele = m ( 2v ) - m ( v )
2 v2 = .x
2 2 m

3 mv2 24. (d) E1 y

3
0 + qE0 2a = mv 2 Þ E0 = P +s
2 4 qa 60°
E2 30°
(B) Rate of work done at P = power of electric force x
3 +s
3 mv
= qE0V = From figure,
4 a
r s r s
dw E1 = yˆ and E2 = (– cos 60° xˆ – sin 60° yˆ )
(C) At, Q, = 0 for both the fields 2e 0 2e0
dt
(D) The difference of magnitude of angular momentum s æ 1 3 ö
= çç – xˆ – yˆ ÷
of the particle at P and Q, 2e 0 è 2 2 ÷ø
r
( ) (
DL = - m2v 2akˆ - -mvakˆ ) Electric field in the region shown in figure (P)
r r r r s é 1 æ 3ö ù
DL = 3mva EP = E1 + E2 = ê – xˆ + çç 1– ÷ yˆ ú
2e0 ëê 2 è 2 ÷ø ûú
22. (a) y-axis
r s éæ 3ö xˆ ù
or, E P = êçç1 – ÷÷ yˆ – ú
+ 2q –4q 2e 0 êëè 2 ø 2 úû
B A
150° d 25. (c) In the x direction
30°
Fx = qE
x-axis Þ max = qE
O 30°
E q
Þ ax = 0
C m
–2q
For speed to be double,
Electric Charges and Fields P-247

29. (b) Electric field on the axis of a ring of radius R at a

v02 + v x2 = (2v0 )2 distance h from the centre,
Þ vx = 3 v0 = ax t kQh
E=
(h )
3/2
qE0t 3v0 m 2
+ R2
Þ 3v0 = 0 + Þ t=
m E0 q
26. (d) Time period of the pendulum (T) is given by dE
Condition: for maximum electric field =0
dh
L
T = 2p é ù
geff d ê kQh ú
Þ ú =0
dh ê 2
geff =
(mg )2 + (qE )2 ê R +h
ë ( 2 3/2
ú
û )
m By using the concept of maxima and minima we get,
L R
2 Þ T = 2p h=
æ gE ö 2 2
Þ geff = g 2 + ç ÷ æ qE ö
g2 + ç
è m ø ÷ 30. (a)
è m ø
® ® ® ® ®
27. (d) E = ( E + E ) + ( E + E )
1 2 3 4
y=3
or E = 2E cos a – 2E cos b

–q
d
q E3
d
a (0, 0) x

d D E1 r r
Let E1 and E2 are the vaues of electric field due to charge,
q q1 and q2 respectively
d
magnitude of E = 1 q1
–q 1
4p Î0 r12
2kq D 2 kq D
´ - ´
= ( D2 + d 2 ) 2 2 2
( D + (2 d ) 2 1 10 ´ 10 -6
D +d D + (2d )2
2
=
2 kqD 2kqD (
4p Î0 12 + 32 ) 3
10
= - q1
( D 2 + d 2 ) 3/2 [ D 2 + (2d ) 2 ]3/2 = ( 9 ´ 109 ) ´ 10 ´ 10-7
For d < < D
= 9 10 ´ 10 2
D 1 r r r
Eµ 3
µ \ E1 = 9 10 ´ 10 2 éëcos q1 ( - i ) + sin q1 j ùû
D D2
é 1 3 ˆù
28. (d) At equilibrium resultant force on bob must be zero, so
T cos q = mg ..... (i)
Þ E1 = 9 ´ 10 ´ 10 2 ê
ë 10
-iˆ + ( )
10 úû
j
T sin q = qE ..... (ii) Y
Solving (i) and (ii) we get Þ E1 = 9 ´102 éë -iˆ + 3 ˆj ùû = éë –9iˆ + 27 ˆj ùû102
qE 1 q2
tan q = q Similarly, E2 =
mg q 4 p Î0 r 2
T
qE X
5 ´10-6 ´ 2000 1 9 ´109 ´ ( 25 ) ´ 10 -6
tan q = = q E2 = E2 = 9 × 103 V/m
2 ´ 10-3 ´ 10 2
mg ( 4r + 3 )
2 2

3
[Here, q = 5 × 10–6 C,
E = 2000 v/m, m = 2 × 10–3 kg]
( )
\ E2 = 9 ´ 103 cos q2iˆ - sin q2 ˆj Q tan q2 =
4
r æ4 3 ö
æ1ö
Þ tan -1 ç ÷ (
\ E2 = 9 ´103 ç iˆ - ˆj ÷ = 72iˆ - 54 ˆj ´102
è5 5 ø
)
è2ø
r r r
(
\ E = E1 + E 2 = 63iˆ - 27 ˆj ´ 10 2 V/m )
P-248 Physics

31. (a) Equilibrium position will shift to point where resultant 35. (a) Electric field due to complete disc (R = 2a) at a
force = 0 distance x and on its axis
qE
kxeq = qE Þ xeq = s é ù x s é h ù
k E1 = ê1 – ú E1 = 2e ê1 – ú
2e 0 ê 2 2 ú 0 ëê 4 a 2
+ h 2 ú
û
1 2 2 1 2 ë R +x û
Total energy = mw A + kx eq
2 2 s é hù é here x =h ù
= 1–
1 1q E 2 2 2e0 êë 2a úû êë and, R = 2a úû
Total energy = mw 2 A 2 +
2 2 k 2a
a
æ rö
o
32. (d) Charge density, r = r0 ç1 - ÷
è Rø
dq = rdv

ò
qin = dq = rdv Similarly, electric field due to disc (R = a)
æ rö s æ hö
= r0 ç 1 - ÷ 4pr 2 dr (Q dv = 4pr2dr) E2 = ç 1– ÷
è Rø 2e0 è a ø
Ræ Electric field due to given disc
rö
= 4pr0 ò0 çè1 - R ÷ø r 2dr E = E1 – E2

s é hù s é hù sh
R r2 ê1– 2a ú – 2e ê1– a ú =
= 4pr0 ò0 r 2 dr -
R
dr 2e 0 ë û 0 ë û 4e0 a
s
éé 3 ù R é 4 ù R ù é R3 R 4 ù Hence, c =
r r 4ae 0
= 4pr0 ê ê ú - ê ú ú = 4pr0 ê - ú
êê 3 ú ê 4R ú ú êë 3 4 R úû
ëë û0 ë û0 û 36. (b) Let us consider a spherical shell of radius x and
thickness dx.
é R3 R 3 ù é R3 ù
= 4pr0 ê - ú = 4pr0 ê ú
ëê 3 4 úû ëê 12 ûú
dx
pr R3 x
q= 0 O
3
æ pr R3 ö Shell
E.4pr 2 = ç 0 ÷
è 3Î0 ø
r0 R3 Charge on this shell
\ Electric field outside the ball, E =
12 Î0 r 2 æ xö
dq = r.4px2dx = r0 ç1 - ÷ .4px 2dx
33. (c) Field lines originate perpendicular from positive è Rø
charge and terminate perpendicular at negative charge. \ Total charge in the spherical region from centre
Further this system can be treated as an electric dipole. to r (r < R) is
34. (d) Given: Length of wire L = 20 cm r
æ xö
charge Q = 103e0 q = ò dq = 4pr0 ò ç1 - ÷ x 2dx
è Rø
0
We know, electric field at the centre of the semicircular arc
r
2K l é x3 x 4 ù é r3 r 4 ù 3 é1 r ù
E= = 4pr0 ê - ú = 4pr0 ê - ú = 4pr0r ê - ú
r êë 3 4R úû 0 êë 3 4R úû ë 3 4R û
æ 2Q ö 1 .q
2K ç ÷ \ Electric field at r, E =
or, E= è pr ø é Asl = 2Q ù 4pe 0 r 2
r ê pr úû
ë
1 4 pr0 r3 é 1 r ù r0 é r r 2 ù
4 KQ 4 KQp 2
4pKQ = . ê - ú = ê - ú
= = = = 25 ´ 103 N / Ci$ 4pe 0 r 2 ë 3 4R û e0 êë 3 4R úû
2 2 2
pr pL L
Electric Charges and Fields P-249

37. (c) Given,

Electric field E = 150 N/C
Total surface charge carried by earth q = ? dx
or, q = Î0 E A x
= Î0 E p r2.
= 8.85 × 10–12 × 150 × (6.37 × 106)2.
; 680 Kc
As electric field directed inward hence
q = – 680 Kc é 5 r3 1 r 4 ù 3æ5 r ö
38. (a) Electric field intensity at the centre of the disc. = 4pr0 ê . - . ú = pr0r ç - ÷
êë 4 3 R 4 úû è3 Rø
s Electric field at r,
E= (given) \
2 Î0
1 q
E= . 2
Electric field along the axis at any distance x from the 4p Î0 r
centre of the disc 1 pr0 r 3 æ 5 r ö r0 r æ 5 r ö
æ ö = . ç - ÷= ç - ÷
s x 4pÎ0 r 2 è 3 R ø 4 Î0 è 3 R ø
E' = ç1 - ÷
ç
2 Î0 2 2 ÷ 41. (c) Electric lines of force due to a positive charge is
è x + R ø
From question, x = R (radius of disc) spherically symmetric.
All the charges are positive and equal in magnitude. So
æ ö
\ E ' = s ç1 - R
÷ repulsion takes place. Due to which no lines of force are
2 Î0 çè R + R2
2 ÷
ø present inside the equilateral triangle and the resulting
lines of force obtained as shown:
s æ 2R - R ö
= ç ÷
2 Î0 çè 2R ÷ø +q
4
= E
14
+q +q
\ % reduction in the value of electric field
æ 4 ö
çè E - E÷ø ´ 100
14 1000
= = % ; 70.7%
E 14
42. (c) Let us consider a differential element dl subtending at angle
39. (b) F = qE = mg (q = 6e = 6× 1.6 × 10–19) dQ at the centre Q as shown in the figure. Linear charge density
q
mass m l=
Density (d) = = Qr
volume 4 3
pr j
3
m
or r3 =
+
+

4 + dl
+

pd
3 + dq
+
æ qE ö
Putting the value of d and m ç = + dE q
+
and solving we get r cos q
è g ÷ø i
= 7.8 × 10–7 m O
40. (a) Let us consider a spherical shell of radius x and dE
thickness dx. dE sin q
Charge on this shell æ q ö
æ5 x ö Charge on the element, dq = ç ÷ dl
2
dq = r.4px 2 dx = r0 ç 4 - R ÷ .4px dx è pr ø
è ø q
= (rd q) (Q dl = rdq)
\ Total charge in the spherical region from centre to r (r < R ) is pr
r
æ5 xö æqö
q = ò dq = 4 pr0 ò ç - ÷ x 2 dx = ç ÷dq
0
è4 Rø è pø
P-250 Physics
Electric field at the center O due to dq is Let us consider a spherical shell of thickness dx and radius
1 dq 1 q x. The area of this spherical shell = 4px2.
dE = × 2 = × 2 dq The volume of this spherical shell = 4px2dx. The charge
4 p Î0 r 4 p Î0 pr
enclosed within shell
Resolving dE into two rectangular component, we find
the component dE cos q will be counter balanced by é Q.x ù 4Q
another element on left portion. Hence resultant field at O dq = ê 4ú
[4px2dx] = 4 x3dx
is the resultant of the component dE sin q only. ë pR û R
p The charge enclosed in a sphere of radius r1 can be
q
\ E = ò dE sin q = ò 4 p2 r 2 Î sin qd q calculated by
0 0 r1 r1
q p 4Q é x 4 ù
= [ - cos q] 4Q Q 4
Q = ò dq =
ò
3
0 x dx = ê ú = 4 r1
4p2 r 2 Î0 R4 4 4
R êë úû R
q q 0 0
= (+1 + 1) = \ The electric field at point P inside the sphere at a distance
4p2 r 2 Î0 2p2 r 2 Î0 r1 from the centre of the sphere is
The direction of E is towards negative y-axis.
r q 1 Q
\ E=- ˆj E=
2 2
2p r Î0 4pE r12
43. (a) Let us consider a spherical shell of radius x and é Q 4ù
thickness dx. r
Due to shpherically symmetric charge distribution, the 1 êë R 4 1 úû 1 Q 2
Þ E= = r1
chrge on the spherical surface of radius x is 4p Î0 r12 4p Î0 R 4
æ5 xö 2 46. (a) The electric field inside a thin spherical shell of radius
dq = dVr×4px2dx = r0 ç - ÷ × 4px dx
è 4 R ø R has charge Q spread uniformly over its surface is zero.
\ Total charge in the spherical region from centre to r (r < R) is Q ++ + +
r +

+
æ5 xö R
+
q = ò dq = 4 pr0 ò ç - ÷ x 2 dx

+ + +
+++
0
è4 Rø Q
E=k 2
r
++

+ +
E=0
+

+
dx
+ + +
++
x
Q
Outside the shell the electric field is E = k 2 . These
r
characteristics are represented by graph (a).
+Q +Q2
1
47. (c)
é 5 r3 1 r4 ù 3æ5 r ö r1 r2
= 4 pr0 ê × - × ú = pr0r ç - ÷
ëê 4 3 R 4 ûú è3 Rø A B
\ Electric field intensity at a point on this spherical surface When the two conducting spheres are connected by a
1 q conducting wire, charge will flow from one to other till both
E= × 2
4 p Î0 r acquire same potential.
\ After connection, V1 = V2
1 pr0 r 3 æ 5 r ö r0 r æ 5 r ö Q Q Q Q
= × ç - ÷= - Þk 1 =k 2 Þ 1 = 2
4p Î0 r 2 è 3 R ø 4 Î0 çè 3 R ÷ø r1 r2 r1 r2
44. (a) The ratio of electric fields
Q
45. (b) k 21
R E1 r E Q r2
= 1 Þ 1 = 21 ´ 2
E2 k Q2 E2 r1 Q2
r22
x dx E1 r1 ´ r22 E r 2
Þ = Þ 1 = 2 =
E2 r12 ´ r2 E2 r1 1
Electric Charges and Fields P-251

- K 2q K 8q 52. (b) Let v be the speed of dipole.

48. (b) At P + =0 Using energy conservation
( x - L)2 x2
Ki + U i = K f + U f
1 4
Þ = 2k × p1 1 2 1 2
( x - L) 2 x 2 Þ 0- p2 cos (180°) = mv + mv + 0
1 2 r3 2 2
or =
x-L x æ
Þ x = 2x – 2L or x = 2L ç
çQ Potential energy of interaction between dipole
ç
è
-2 p1 p2 cos q ö
+8q –2q = ÷
4p Î0 r 3 ÷ø
x=0 x=L P
L
2kp1 p2 2kp1 p2
Þ mv 2 = 3
Þv=
x r mr 3
When p1 = p2 = p and r = a
49. (c) P
T cos q p 1
v=
q T a 2p Î0 ma
s
F = Eq = q 53. (–48)
e0K r r
Flux of electric field E through any area A is defined as
T sin q
f = ò E. A cos q
mg Here, q = angle between electric field and area vector of a
surface
T sin q = qE .... (i) For surface ABCD Angle, q = 90°
T cos q = mg .... (ii) \ f1 = ò E. A cos 90° = 0
Dividing (i) by (ii), r uur
qE q æ s ö sq For surface BCGF fn = ò E . dA
tan q = =
mg mg çè e0K ÷ø e0 K . mg \ f11 = é 4 ´ iˆ – ( y 2 + 1) ˆj ù .4iˆ = 16 x
ë û
\ s µ tan q
50. (b) For the system to be equilibrium, net field at A should Nm 2
f11 = 48
be zero C
2 E1 + E2 = E3 f1 – f11= – 48
54. (a)
kQ ´ 2 kQ kq 55. (b) Surface charge density depends only due to Q. Also
\ + =
2 2 2 ® ® q1l
a ( 2 a) æ a ö
çè ÷
2ø
Ñò E . d A = e0
E3 –Q –Q B Q 1 Q
or E × 4pr2 = ÞE= ,r³R
E1 e0 4pe 0 r 2
A
E2 ® ® qin
2 E1
56. (a) Ñò E . d A = e 0
E A –Q –Q
2Q
Q 2 Q Q
Þ + = 2q Þ q = (2 2 + 1)
1 2 4
51. (c) Given, Electric field, E = 3 × 104
Mass of the drop, m = 9.9 × 10–15 kg –Q –Q
At equilibrium, coulomb force on drop balances weight of drop. a a
qE = mg
mg 9.9 ´ 10-15 ´ 10
Þ q= Þ q = 4
= 3.3 ´ 10 -18 C
E 3 ´ 10
P-252 Physics

1 KP
or E × 4pr2 = ò S (4pr 2 )dr \ At point P, = + Q
e0 y3
r KPQ
1 At Point P1, F1 = + = 27 F.
(kr )(4 pr 2 )dr
e0 ò
or E × 4pr2 = ( y / 3)3
0
60. (b) When cube is of side a and point charge Q is at the
4pk æ r 4 ö center of the cube then the total electric flux due to this
or E × 4pr2 = ç ÷
e0 çè 4 ÷ø charge will pass evenly through the six faces of the cube.
k 2 So, the electric flux through one face will be equal to 1/6
\ E= r ...(i) of the total electric flux due to this charge.
4e 0
Q
R R Flux through 6 faces =
2 r4 Îo
Also 2Q = ò (kr ) (4pr )dr = 4pk
4 Q
0 0
\ Flux through 1 face, =
pkR 4 6 Îo
Q= ....(ii) 61. (a) T = PE sin q Torque experienced by the dipole in an
2 r r r
From above equations, electric field, T = P ´ E
Qr 2 r
p = p cosq iˆ + p sin q ĵ
E= ....(iii) r r
2pe0 R 4 E1 = Ei
According to given condition
r r r
Q4 T1 = p ´ E1 = (p cos q iˆ + p sin q ĵ ) × E( iˆ )
= EQ ....(iv)
4pe0 (20) 2 t k̂ = pE sinq (– k̂ ) ...(i)
r
From equations (iii) and (iv), we have E2 = 3 E1 j ˆ
r
a = 8–1/4 R. T2 = p cos qiˆ + p sin qˆj ) ´ 3 E1 ˆj
57. (b) t = – PE sin q
or Ia = – PE (q) tkˆ = 3 pE1 cos qkˆ ...(ii)
PE From eqns. (i) and (ii)
a= ( -q ) pE sinq = 3 pE cosq
I
On comparing with tanq = 3 \ q = 60°
a = – w2q
62. (c) The net flux linked with closed surfaces S1, S2, S3 & S4
PE qdE 2qE are
w= = = 1
I 2 md
ædö For surface S1, f1 = (2q)
2m ç ÷ e0
è2ø 1 1
For surface S2, f 2 = (q + q + q - q) = 2q
e0 e0
58. (b) Potential energy of a dipole is given by 1 1
rr For surface S3, f3 = (q + q) = (2q)
U = – P.E e0 e0
= – PE cos q 1 1
For surface S4, f 4 = (8q - 2q - 4q) = (2q)
[Whereq = angle between dipole and perpendicular to the e0 e0
field] Hence, f1 = f2 = f3 = f4 i.e. net electric flux is same for all
= – (10–29) (103) cos 45° surfaces.
= – 0.707 × 10–26 J = – 7 × 10–27J Keep in mind, the electric field due to a charge outside (S3
59. (d) Electric field of equitorial plane of dipole and S4), the Gaussian surface contributes zero net flux
r through the surface, because as many lines due to that
KP charge enter the surface as leave it.
=– 3
r 63. (c) Applying Gauss’s law
r uur Q
Ñò S E × ds = Î0
Q + 2pAr 2 - 2pAa 2
\ E × 4pr2 =
Î0
Electric Charges and Fields P-253

dr 66. (b) We know that,

r=
Ñò E.dS = E Ñò dS
dV r dr
f= cos 45°
Q a Gaussiam
Q = r4pr2 In case of hemisphere
surface
b fcurved = fcircular
r
A
Q= ò 4pr 2dr = 2pA[r2 – a2] 1 E pa 2
r Therefore, fcurved = E pa 2 . =
a 2 2
1 é Q - 2pAa 2 ù 67. (c)
E= ê + 2pA ú +q
4p Î0 ëê r 2
ûú F1
For E to be independent of ‘r’ E1
Q – 2pAa2 = 0
F2
Q E2
\ A=
2pa 2 –q
® As the dipole is placed in non-uniform field, so the force
64. (a) E = E 0 iˆ + 2E 0 ˆj acting on the dipole will not cancel each other. This will
Given, E 0 = 100N / c result in a force as well as torque.
® 68. (a) The electric flux f1 entering an enclosed surface is
So, E = 100iˆ + 200ˆj taken as negative and the electric flux f2 leaving the surface
Radius of circular surface = 0.02 m is taken as positive, by convention. Therefore the net flux
leaving the enclosed surface, f = f2 – f1
2 22 According to Gauss theorem
Area = pr = ´ 0.02 ´ 0.02
7 q
f= Þ q = Î0f = Î0(f2 – f1)
= 1.25 ´10-3 ˆi m 2 [Loop is parallel to Y-Z plane] Î0
Now, flux (f) = EA cosq 69. (None) Electric flux due to charge placed outside is zero.
( ) -3
= 100iˆ + 200ˆj .1.25 ´ 10 ˆi cos q° [q = 0°]
But for the charge inside the cube, flux due to each face is

= 125 × 10–3 Nm2/c 1é q ù

ê ú which is not in option.
= 0.125 Nm2/c 6 ëÎ0 û
65. (c) Force of interaction
C
1 6p1p2 +q +q D
F= .
4p Î0 r 4 .
q
q
.
p1 p2
B
A
–q –q
r