GROUP 9: UNDERSTANDING CONFLICT

What is conflict? Conflict is the dynamics when two or more people, organizations, or nations perceive on another as a threat to their needs or interests.confict can
happen anywhere whenever there are people.Conflict may also involve just yourself, such as not being able to decide whether to study or not for a test just so you can
be with your friends, or getting into conflict with the law

1.Intrapersonal- with one self, like when one indecsive about things.

2.Interpersonal- among two or more individuals, like having a misunderstanding between friends, family, members or lovers

3.Intergroup- Within the same interest group, like a student organization.

4.Intergroup- • Between two or more groups, like fraternities.

Faced with a conflict situation, human beings often choose between two types of responses, flight or fight/ For a flight response, there are several types of behavior
involved: avoidance Ignoring, or denialAvoidance means to evade dodge the caus ę of the strong emotion or uneasiness one feels for another person who is in conflict
with you. Conflict may arise due to the following

•Competing for scarce or limited resources such as time, jobs, food, natural resources, and even love and affection within family or personal relationships.

•Disagreement Over the interpretation of facts or information

•Perceiving threats to one's own needs and interests

•Perceiving unjust treatment caused by another person or entity

•Miscommunication between parties

•Misjudging another person's or group's belief systems born out of prejudice or bias

•Exhibiting behaviors that are destructive to another person's well-being or reputation

Cost of conflict

What suffers when one is in conflict with another person or group? A pestering conflict situation may put one's health and well-being in jeopardy.Positive effect of
conflict Not every conflict has to end up with negative results. When conflict was defined earlier in this chapter, it was mentioned that it can also serve as a driver or
impetus for growth in the relation ship between two persons, groups, or nations.

•Allows for issues to surface

•Raises the awareness of both person's needs;

•Allows emotions to be expressed;

•Understand and accept the uniqueness and differences of other people

•Strengthens the resolve of the parties to pursue common goals and

•Encourages dialogue and empowerment

Conflict management

Dr. Ken Thomas and Dr. Ralph Kilmann, professors of management from the University of Pittsburgh, developed what is now popularly known as the Thomas-
Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument to help people understand how they deal with conflict by measuring a person's behavior in conflict situation According to
Thomas and Kilmann, there are two dimensions to this conflict resolving behavior: assertiveness or the extent to which a person will try to satisfy his or her own
needs or interests, and cooperativeness or the extent to which a person will attempt to satisfy the other person's needs or interests.

Five modes in dealing with conflict

1.competing Is assertive and uncooperative An individual's interests are above all else, power and authority are often used to win against others.

2.Accommodating Is assertive and cooperative, An individual is willing to neglect his or her interests or needs for the sake of the other person, yielding one's
position at the other expense
3.compromising Is moderately assertive and moderately cooperative, An individual is neither here or there, prefers to split whatever is at stake in half to partly satisfy
both parties just to get over the problem.

4.Avoiding Is unassertive and uncooperative, Individual prefers to stay out of the situation either by postponing a decision, taking wait and see position, or
withdrawing completely until conditions are better.

5.Collaborating is assertive and cooperative. The individual. seeks a mutually satisfying solution by understanding the needs and interests of the other person, and
expanding the resources rather than competing over themySeeks a win, win solution.

Negotiating through a personal conflict situation

1. Understand the nature of the conflict. Is the conflict

caused by somebody else's behavior? Were your expectations met? Did the person promise you something but did not fulfill it? Did someone fail to uphold
something very important and of value to you?

2.Acknowledge your feelings and emotions. Be aware of the stirrings of emotions within you. Express this in a constructive way like verbalizing the emotion with the
other person.

3.Examine your relationship with this person. HOW important is your relationship with the person?

4.Clarify your intentions. Do you want to continue you relationship with this person or not? If yes, then pceed to undertake a dialogue. If not, decide if you wal to
keep the relationship or not.

5.If you wish to keep the relationship, have a talk with the person involved stating that you value your rela

GROUP 10: FAMILY STRUCTURE AND LEGACY

What are family structure?

The definition of family has changed and continues to changed as lifestyle social norms and standard are also shifting. The simplest definition of family according to
marriam webster dectionary is " a group of individuals living under one roof and usually under one head. Which may also be the definition of what household is.

Defined family as" two oe more person who share resources,share responsibility for decision share value and goals, and have commitment to each other over time.
(gregorio alfonsin c. Andoyo,THE FILIPINO FAMILY AND FILIPINO VALUES)

DIFFERENT KINDS OF FAMILY

The nuclear or traditional family- is comprised of a father,a mother and their offspring/s. Usually the father in the traditional family plays and role of the breadwinner
while the mother is stay at home to manage the house and the children. Traditional family is where both father and mother are working and earning Of living for the
family while entrusting their growing chile or children to hired caregiver or relatives .

The Single parent family - this kind of family may be supported by relatives to take care of growing children,which is now common accurrence in many asian
countries such as singgapore and Hong Kong . A filipino single parent maybe assistant financially by parents or relatives .

The extended family- very common family Arrangements found in many part of the world and mosr particular in asia. The extended family is nuclear family plus
parents os either the husband or wife or both their parents depending of the arrangement they make. Sometimes the the single brother or sister .

The Childless family- is just the couple without child or children. And who may living only themeselve . They may or may not have household help assistanting
around the house.

step family-

poster family-6

INFLUENCE OF FAMILY STRUCTURE TO AN ADOLECENT

Nuclear family is (VALUE, SOCIAL SKILLS & BEHAVIOR) this is directly learned from parents. This are expressed in their unique parenting style,the nature of
parental authority they practice and the general atmosphere at home.

Single parent family is effects of having single parent,may create a impact on the growing child who would normally look up to authority as role model.
Extended family have both positive and negatime influence on the child. In one hand the presence of different generations within a home provides on a child a sense
of stability on relationshipas he or she witness firsthand how relationship work and endure challenge.

FAMILY LEGACIES

No matter who we are, where we live, or what our goals may be, we all have one thing in common: a heritage. That is, a social, emotional and spiritual legacy
passed on from parent to child. Every one of us is passed a heritage, lives out a heritage, and gives a heritage to our family. It's not an option. Parents always pass to
their children a legacy... good, bad or some of both.

1.THE EMOTIONAL LEGACY. In order to prosper, our children need an enduring sense of security and stability nurtured in an environment of safety and love. A
strong emotional legacy.

•Provides a safe environment in which deep emotional roots can grow.

•Fosters confidence through stability.

•Conveys a tone of trusting support.

•Nurtures a strong sense of positive identity.

•Creates a "resting place" for the soul.

•Demonstrates unconditional love.

2.THE SOCIAL LEGACY. To really succeed in life, our children need to learn more than management techniques, accounting, reading, writing and geometry. They
need to learn the fine art of relating to people. If they learn how to relate well to others, they'll have an edge in the game of life.

3.THE SPIRITUAL LEGACY. Parents who successfully pass along a spiritual legacy to their children model and reinforce the unseen realities of the godly life. We
must recognize that passing a spiritual legacy means more than encouraging our children to attend church,as important as that is. The church is there to support
parents in raising their children but it cannot do the raising;only parents can.

Authoritative parenting is a key factor in the psychosocial of an adolescent, and it is believed to foster a healthy and positive impact on the adolescent’s development.
(Papalia and Feldman, 2012)

Four types of parenting style

1.Permissive Parent

2.Authoritative Parent

3.Neglectful Parent

4.Authoritarian Parent
 GROUP 11: CAREER AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Learning competencies:

1. Through understanding the concepts of career, life goals and personal factors, a student can plan his/her career.

2. Identify the personal factors influencing career choices.

3. Take a self assessment tool to know his/her personality traits and other personal factors in relation to his/her life goals.

WHAT IS CAREER?

It is a series of occupations or professions that an individual takes up in their life time. A career is a profession that a person may get into, either because he has found
a good match between his life goals, skills, personality, and interests with a dream job, or it may just be a means to earn a living."Personal development is not a tool
for reaching a bigger goal. Becoming a complete human being is already the biggest and most noble goal you can aspire to." (August Turak)

Understanding the concept of:

*Career Development *Life goals*Personal factors

CAREER DEVELOPMENT- according to "The Oxford Dictionary of Psychology" Career development may defined as the process of exploring and developing ones
skills and understanding what it takes to be successful in given field. It includes career exploration, identifying personal strengths and weaknesses, developing and
preparing the different factors that will help succeed in different occupation, understanding how to choose an occupation that is best for one's personality type values,
skills and interests.

LIFE GOALS- life goals are like a map that will guide you through your life to reach your career. It can provide you with step by step plan to hit or target your
desired career. The concept of life goals is to have a sense of direction in life to achieve the career that you want.

For example, if you want to become a lawyer, here are the goals to finish:
 Finish a bachelor's degree in Arts or Sciences.

Take the law schools admission test.

Enroll in your chosen law school.

Finish your law school and enroll in a review center.

Take the bar exams and pass.

Take your oath and sign the roll of attorneys.

PERSONAL FACTORS- there are number of factors that affect the choice of career in adolescents. One of these is the Personal factors
such as personality traits, values, skills and interests.For example, if your personality doesn't like to be alone. You might not be interested
in a career that requires them to work alone. On the other hand. If you are always looking for new opportunities, you might be interested in
a career with lots of opportunities for growth and change.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

Let us now take a look at some career development theories or concepts to identify what researchers have found out as factors that affects
and influence career selection and reflect on these to determine which are relevant to you.

Richard A. Hansen of the city college of the city university of New york, Who conducted a study in 1976 on the career development on
high school students talented in science, is often coated in his definition of career development as the "Continuous life long process of
developmental experiences that focuses on seeking, obtaining and processing information about self, occupational and Educational
alternative, life style and role options"

THERE ARE FOUR CATEGORIES OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

1.)TRAIT FACTOR. skills, values, interests and personality Characteristics are analyzed and matches with job factors or an occupational
profile. The trait factor theory was formulated by vocation experts Frank Parson and E. G. Williamson back in the 1900s and is still the
bases of many career counseling and aptitude test.

2.) PSYCHOLOGY . developed by John Holland. This second category is an offshoot of Parson's Trait Factor theory where Holland
Identified six Personality Categories. REALISTIC, INVESTIGATIVE, SOCIAL, CONVENTIONAL, ENTERPRISING and ARTISTIC.
A person is usually made up of all six personality categories, will have one Dominant type, but may exhibit up to three of these types.
People in search of their career path are often confused because they mix their dominant type with their other preference. We often Heard
a highschool student saying he or she is interested in political science but would also like to design clothes or experiment on cooking
different types of dishes.

3.) DECISION. theory was based on Alberts Bandura's theory of Self-efficacy. Which means that a person may exercise control over his
or her thoughts, belief and action, and that self-efficacy is the predictor or behavior. Self-efficacy is defined as the belief in one's
capabilities to plan, organize and execute a set of actions that will produce the desired results. Self-efficacy may be construed as the same
as the Self-competence. Bandura explains that self efficacy is a tied motivation, which is the most important driver of one's career
development.

4.) DEVELOPMENTAL or LIFE-SPAN or LIFE-SPACE THEORY. by Donald Super who based the theory of the idea that Humans are
always in constant change and go through life and doing new things while changing roles in the process. We often hear or people in mid-
life talking about reinventing themselves and in the process acquiring new set of skills and attitudes ,and occupy themselves with new
things they have never done before.
INTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING ONE'S CHOICE OF CAREER

Challenges are real for everyone. Even In ideal situations where there are minimal challenges like financial constraints and parental
approval, other obstacles might still be present. Let us take a look at the internal factors that may affects your decision in your career
choice.

1. SELF-CONCEPT or SELF IDENTITY. If your self identity is not as solid as it should be, then choosing a career or even a course to
take up in college will be difficult. There is a need to know and understand what you want to do or not want to do. This is tied on how you
see and think of yourself.

2. PERSONAL PREFERENCES. You might have decided to take up accountancy but your mother told you that being a nurse like one of
your aunts will help you earn a lot of money especially when you work abroad. This usually happens in many filipino homes. For a mother
and father, they will always think of the best for their child. However, no matter how good their intentions are, these can still backfire
because the child is Forced to do something opposite- what his or her parents want.

3. MOTIVATION. The drive to fulfill one's fullest potentials is the best motivation any person can ever have in living a meaningful life.
Sure, there are some whose motivations evolve around amassing wealth or obtaining power, but the majority of filipinos are motivated
primarily by their desire to improve the quality of their family's lives.

4. SELF-CONFIDENCE. "Yes I can!" "Kaya ko ito!" Not with standing the challenges an adolescents faces after high school, the self-
confident person will keep his eyes on his goals, and declare to the world that he can do it and will succeed in the pursuit of his dreams.

5. PERSONAL SKILLS. As Children, we already learned certain skills just by observing our parents and siblings, classmates and school
authorities. Basic education Teaches us the hard skills we need to acquire so we may qualify for higher education, such as learning math
and the sciences.

6. PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS. Knowing your personality Characteristics will definitely help you in choosing a career. certain
characteristics are compatible and matched with certian types of work or occupation according to Holland's trait factor theory.

7. PERSONAL HEALTH . The condition of your health is a major factor in the career choice you will make. Are you healthy enough to
take on the rigors of some tough courses like law or medicine? You might aspire to become a physical education specialist but your
asthma or allergies are getting in the way.

8. EMOTIONAL CONSIDERATION. Generally, it is difficult to make a decision when one is experiencing some strong emotions such as
anger or sadness. Often times, an emotionally disturbed individual will end up deciding on the wrong thing. Check your self when you are
deciding on what course to take. It is always best to be level headed and calm when making these life-directing decisions.

9. SELF-SABOTAGING THOUGHTS. Self-sabotaging thoughts are thoughts that deter a person from developing a healthy and
wholesome self-concept. Statements such as "i cannot do this. I will never succeed." "I am not intelligent enough for that course".
"Nobody believes in me, so why should i even believe in my self?" Are the stumbling blocks in your journey toward self-actualization.

GROUP 12: Some of the possible external factors that will affect one's career choice and rank them according to their strongest
impact

Some possible external factors that may influence one's career choice are:

1.Preferences- your parents might have some idea of what course you should take up in college. If this coincides with what you really
want, then there will be no friction between you and your parents. However, If what they think does not match with yours, then there will
be conflict. You can ask your parents for their reasons reganding their preferences for your course, then share with them your own
thoughts about your choice. There might be a meeting of the minds after the dialog. It is good for your parents to know the reasons for
your choice.

2. Family Consideration- you might have a sibling who wants to take up the same course that you choose or a sibling who wants to go to
another school when your parents would prefer that both of you should go to the same school for practical or security reasons.

3. Financial Constraints- this is usually a major consideration among families especially uf your sibling are already in college, or are about
to enter college soon like yourself. Your parents' financial standing is determinant of whether you will even go to college or if the course
of your choice might be feasible for them to support. If this is the case, try looking for some scholarships to aid you in pursuing your
dream. Financial Constraints are a manageable challenge.

4. Job Market Preference (Immediate Employment)- a lot of times, those graduating from college get into their first job that is not directly
relevant to the degree they finished. This is particularly true in the Philippines where getting a job is a priority. Often, the first job may not
be one's first choice, but to gain experience and immediate employment.

5. School Location- this is another practical problem that may arise when you choose your college course or career choice. For example,
students who live far from UP, especially if they come from far places outside of Metro Manila, stay in boarding houses near the campus.
If your family's financial capability is not a problem, then there is the option to rent a room or stay in boarding house somewhere nearby
your school of choice.

6. Peer Pressure- many adolescents are fearful of what college life will be like. What they do is talk to their friends and classmates and
find out their school choices, hoping that they can be with someone they are familiar with, or better yet, a close friend to be with them in
their new school. Your friends may exert some pressure on you to take up a course so that you can be together even in college. Then there
is also the scenario with your special someone, if you have one, who might want the two of you to be together in college. Discuss and
present your choices and reasons for these. At the end of the day, you decide what is best for you.

7. Gender Bias- certain careers are still suffering from gender bias and this might happen to you if your career choice is associated with
one particular gender. If so, you will also be faced with peer pressure, as well as parental and family pressure. Today, many changes have
happened in our society and our way of thinking. There is almost equality between genders today. Even the technology company in the US
are waking up to the reality that majority of their employees are male and they have to open up more to females.

8. Language Limitation- language can be learned, so if you have this challenge before you, do not be the faint of heart and just go ahead
and pursue your dream. For example, you want to take up European studies to become a diplomat or an expert in European matters
someday, and you will be required to be able to speak at least one European language, then go ahead and learn it. Or the school you want
to get in is in a country where English is spoken very little, find ways to overcome this obstacle by learning the language before you
enroll.

9. Academic Performance- your academic performance in high school is also an important factor in your career selection. You should
obviously graduate from high school in order to proceed with your next step, which may either be taking a college course or a technical-
vocational course.

• Values Clarification: What Are Your Personal Core Values?

• What Are Your Passions?

• What are your personality traits?

• What Are Your Strengths and Challenges?

• What Are Your Limitations?