ESDRAS BIBLE INSTITUTE (IBE)

Hermeneutics
QUESTIONNAIRES
Yunilda Martínez
04/12/2020
CHAPTER 1: IMPORTANCE OF YOUR STUDY

1. What is hermeneutics?
It is part of exegetical theology, that is, that which deals with the correct
understanding and interpretation of the biblical Scriptures.
2. Where does ignorance of it lead?
to perdition
3. To what do we errorists and heresiarchs owe?
Because many unlearned in hermeneutical knowledge present themselves as
learned and twist the Scriptures to prove their errors.
4. Why have we been given Scripture?
To scrutinize it
5. What circumstances, in their production, make the study of hermeneutics
necessary? By whom, about what, in what times and places were they
written? In what way do these circumstances require hermeneutical
knowledge?
Under the direction of the holy spirit, by holy men inspired by God, on poetry,
prophecies, statistics, wisdom, laws, history, psalms, proverbs, biographies and
letters, from the time of Moses 400 years before Troy to that of John the last
writer 1500 years after Moses, as for the place, they were written in places as
different as central Asia, the sands of Arabia, the deserts of Judea, the porticos of
the Temple, the schools of the prophets in Bethel and Jericho, in the palaces of
Babylon, on the shores of Chebar and in the midst of Western civilization. They
require hermeneutical knowledge because the biblical language needs
interpretation due to the different authors, places, recipients and times in which
they were written.

6. Why do certain scholars deny the divine inspiration of the Bible ? by the
superabundance of all kinds of figurative and symbolic words and expressions that occur
in the Scriptures.

7. In what scientific way is the invisible revealed? What is the divine plan and
procedure in this case? The invisible is only revealed by acting on the visible, the
divine plan and procedure comes from God being the first to incarnate his invisible
thoughts in the visible objects of the Universe, revealing and illustrating himself.

8. Why was the use of figurative language necessary in revelation from the human
point of view? So that the human being can understand the invisible from the image of
the visible

9. For what other reason is biblical language the most appropriate for humanity?
For being the most beautiful and expressive

10. In summary: Why is hermeneutical knowledge of utmost importance for the

correct understanding of the Bible? Because thanks to hermeneutics we can know and
interpret the Biblical language and in this way we will obtain a correct interpretation of
the scriptures.

CHAPTER II: NECESSARY PROVISIONS FOR THE PROFITFUL STUDY OF

THE SCRIPTURES

1. Why does fruitful study of the Scriptures require a special spirit? And why
is it necessary to be respectful?

For the study and correct understanding of it, therefore, at least a respectful and
docile spirit, lover of the truth, patient in study and endowed with prudence, is
needed.
2. Why is a docile spirit necessary for the study and right understanding of the
Bible?
"In order to understand the things that are of the spirit of God, because they must
be examined spiritually."
3. Why must the searcher of the Scriptures love the truth, and why will he who
loves error be fruitless?
He who seeks it with this desire, searching the Scriptures, will also find it. For to
such the Father of glory will give the spirit of wisdom and revelation for their
knowledge.
4. Why does fruitful Bible study require patience?
Because in some parts they are deeper and difficult to penetrate and the more
patience one uses to understand them, the more appreciated it is and the more
delight it produces.
5. Why is prudence or common sense needed in the study of the Scriptures? In
what special cases should such prudence or common sense be used?
To know how to start reading with the simplest and proceed to what is more
difficult, in that sense it must be applied to the study of the word, for example
knowing that starting to study the Bible with the first three gospels is easier.
 CHAPTER III: GENERAL OBSERVATIONS REGARDING BIBLICAL
LANGUAGE

1. What was the object of the inspiration of the Scriptures?

To make a man wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus

2. What should we expect regarding biblical language being such its

object?
Let the Bible speak with simplicity and clarity.

3. In reference to what specific points is biblical language very

understandable?
In reference to Christian duties in all circumstances of life and the promises
of support of the Spirit of God in the fight against corruption and sin.

4. How is it that there are obscure points in the Scriptures that require
careful study and correct interpretation? Dark spots appear in the most
complex Bible passages, due to the language in which they were written.

5. In what case do we need the advice of hermeneutics?

In cases of difficulty so that our study is fruitful and our interpretation correct.

6. How would we first proceed to clear up a dark spot in any legacy that
extended in our favor?
Asking for an explanation from the author, that is, asking for direction from God

7. If we were offered light as a condition of work, how would we act?

In the usual and ordinary sense we would naturally seek its meaning and
clarification.

8. If for the entire sentence in which the obscure expression occurs we do not
find the desired clarity, what should we do?
We would seek clarity through context

9. If due to the context we do not get the light, what should we do?
We would consult the entire paragraph or passage, looking at the object or
purpose to which the passage is directed.

10. If the entire passage is not enough, what to do?

We would look for light in other parts of the document (bibliographic references)

11. Why will it be necessary to proceed so that the document becomes its own
interpreter? (See previous lessons).
Because it is the indicated procedure, apart from being the most natural and
simple, it is the most accurate and safest. Also because in this way the author's
will would not be distorted.
 CHAPTER IV: FUNDAMENTAL RULE

1. Who was the first interpreter of the Word of God and what were his
mafias?
The Devil, falsifying and distorting it
2. What should be the fundamental rule in the interpretation of the Bible and
why? the Bible, its own interpreter, in order to avoid false interpretations

3. What evils have resulted from not interpreting the Scriptures by

themselves?
- rejection of christ
- Popery
- holy inquisition
- Reincarnation
- Militarism
4. Who proves what they want with the Bible?
The unlearned, unbelieving and proud.

5. Why can't you prove what you want with the Bible?

Because the word is divinely inspired to teach, to reprove, to correct, to institute in

righteousness, so that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly instructed for every
good work, and this revelation does not lend itself to inconsistency.

6. How should the particular or individual papist or Protestant interpretation

be considered?
As a misinterpretation, since the Bible is of Public interpretation

7. What principle of interpretation did eminent writers of yesteryear

recommend? The Scriptures are your best interpreter

8. What is required for this or that doctrine or statement to be positively

biblical? That a doctrine cannot be considered completely biblical before
summarizing and enclosing everything that Scripture says about it.

9. What fundamental principle should serve as a basis for all Bible studies?
The Bible its own interpreter
 CHAPTER V: FIRST RULE

1. What should constitute the first care in the right interpretation of the
Scriptures? Interpret words in the usual and ordinary sense that they have

2. What fundamental principle should always be kept in mind when

interpreting? The Bible its own interpreter

3. What is the first rule that follows from "the rule of rules"?

As far as possible, take the words in their usual and ordinary sense.

4. Why is this rule so important?

Because ignoring it or violating it, in many places the Scripture will have no
other meaning than what human whim wants to grant it.

5. What is the difference between the usual or ordinary sense and the literal
sense and why should words not always be taken in their literal sense?
Usual and ordinary meaning refers to the peculiar and proper meaning of the
language, and the literal meaning is to the letter.
Because if they are translated literally, the real and true meaning is lost or
completely destroyed.

6. Why was the Bible written in popular and figurative language and not in
scientific language? Because the sacred writers are not addressed to a certain
caste of privileged people, but to the people in general.
CHAPTER VI: SECOND RULE

1) If words are not always used in the same sense, how will we know in each
case what their true meaning is?
taking the thought that the author seeks to express.
2) What is the rule that needs to be observed in the case of words whose
meaning varies?
It is absolutely necessary to take the words in the sense indicated by the whole
sentence.
3) How, for example, does the meaning of the word faith vary?
- Doctrine or teaching, Proof or demonstration and conviction, depending on the
context used.

a. How does the meaning of the word health vary?

- Temporal freedom and the coming of Christ depending on the context in which it is
used.

b. In what senses is the word grace used?

- Mercy and kindness, Bliss and doctrine of the gospel depending on the context used.

c. What are the different meanings of the word meat?

- Person, tender and docile disposition, sexual desires and Jewish ceremonies depending
on the context in which it is used.

d. How does the meaning of the word blood vary?

- guilt, lineage, justification and atoning death, depending on the context in which it is
used.

4. When is this rule of special importance?

When it comes to determining whether words should be taken literally or figuratively

a. Why can't the word body in Matthew 26:26 be taken literally? here it is not used
in a literal sense, but figuratively; because Jesus broke bread and not his own body, and
because he himself, holy and whole, gave them the bread, and not part of his material
flesh

b. Why should the word keys in Matthew 16:19 be understood figuratively? since
the kingdom of heaven is not an earthly place where it is penetrated by material keys
 CHAPTER VII: RULE THREE
1. What is the third rule?

It is necessary to take the words in the sense indicated by the context

2. What is meant by context?

The verses that precede and follow the text being studied

3. For what and in how many ways is context useful? What is there in the context
that clarifies obscure expressions?

- In the context we find expressions, verses or examples that clarify and specify the
meaning of the obscure word.
- Sometimes obscure words are explained with another different word that has the
same meaning.
- Sometimes, a word that expresses a general and absolute idea must be taken in a
restrictive sense, as determined by some special circumstance of the context, or
the set of statements of Scripture on matters of doctrine.
- Finally, do not forget that, sometimes, just from the context you can determine
whether an expression should be taken literally or figuratively.

4. What examples do we have of the clarification of obscure words by words similar

or opposite to the obscure one?
the word "contract made with. Abraham" (Gal. 3:17), is explained by the word promise
in the same verse.

5. How does context help us in certain expressions of absolute ideas? Cite examples.
When David, for example, exclaims: "Judge me, O Lord, according to my
righteousness and according to my integrity," the context makes us understand that
David is only protesting his justice and righteousness regarding the slander raised
against him by Cush. , the Benjamite. In the case of the cheating butler, his behavior is
offered to us as an example of imitation; but because of the context we see the example
limited to the steward's prudence, to the complete exclusion of his dishonest practices.

6. What should we keep in mind in terms of context and parentheses?

When it comes to context, it is necessary to note that sometimes the thread of the
argument or narrative is broken by a more or less long parenthesis, after which it is
resumed. If the parenthesis is short, it offers no difficulty; but if it is long, as is often
the case in Paul's epistles, it requires particular attention.

7. What is the use of context in order to literal or figurative expressions? Refer

examples. By Jesus calling the wine the blood of the new covenant, we understand
from the context that the word blood must be taken in its
figurative from the moment, that Jesus, in said context, once again calls wine the fruit
of the vine, despite having blessed it.
CHAPTER VIII: FOURTH RULE
1. What is the fourth rule that should be kept in mind when interpreting
obscure passages? It is necessary to take into consideration the object or design
of the book or passage in which the obscure words or expressions occur.

2. How is the design or object of a book or passage achieved ? reading and

studying it carefully and repeatedly, taking into account the occasion and to
whom it was originally written.

3. What is the design of the Bible, the Gospels and the Proverbs?

Bible: teach

Gospels: Christ is the son of God and if we believe this we will be saved.

Proverbs: instruct a man regarding conduct

4. What help does the design of a book or a passage offer us in

interpretation? explanation of obscure points, clarification of apparently
contradictory texts and to achieve a deeper knowledge of passages that are
already clear

5. For what reason and subsequent design were the letters written to the
Galatians and the Colossians? They were written on the occasion of the errors
that, with great harm, the Judaizers or "false teachers" sought to implant in the
apostolic churches.

6. How to explain, by design, the words: "Keep the commandments." that

seem to contradict the doctrine of salvation by faith? The design of Jesus, in
this case, was to use the law as a "schoolmaster," as the Apostle says, to lead the
sinner to the true source of health, but not as a measure of salvation, and this is
why he refers him to the commandments.

7. How do the texts of Paul and James harmonize, one saying: "We
conclude that man is justified by faith apart from works of the law," and
the other: "Man is justified by works and not by faith alone." "? When we
take into consideration the different design that the letters of one and the other
carry.

8. How is John's statement that the Christian "cannot sin" satisfactorily

explained? Careful Consideration of the Design of the Letter One of the designs
of the letter is, evidently, to warn the children of God against such bad beliefs.
By reason of being born of God, and aspiring, as they do, to complete moral
perfection, it is against their new nature to practice sin: they cannot continue
sinning; which of course does not prevent them from being exhorted to guard
against evil from the moment they are not beyond the possibility of sinning.

9. How do the passages regarding keeping the festivals in Galatians 4:10, 11

and Rom. 14:5, 6? because the general object of the Letter to the Galatians was
to counteract the doctrines of the false teachers who had led the Galatians astray.
While for the Romans the plan was for the opposites to come to the same
opinion so that discord would cease and peace would be restored, it is evident
that the Apostle induces the weak to advance in their opinion to the point of
abandoning the observance of the festivals. jewish
CHAPTER IX: FIFTH RULE (FIRST PART)

1. What is the fifth rule and what is meant by parallels?

It is necessary to consult the parallel passages, "explaining spiritual things by
spiritual things."
By parallel passages we understand here those that refer to one another, that
have some relationship with each other, or deal in one way or another with the
same subject.

2. Why should parallels be consulted?

It is not only necessary to appeal to such parallels to clarify certain obscure
passages, but also when trying to acquire accurate biblical knowledge regarding
Christian doctrines and practices.

3. What kinds of parallels are there?

- parallels of words
- parallels of ideas
- parallels of general teachings.

4. What is meant by word parallels?

When the whole phrase or the context is not enough to explain a doubtful word,
attempts are sometimes made to acquire its true meaning by consulting other
texts in which it occurs; and other times, in the case of proper names, the same
procedure is used to highlight facts and truths that would otherwise lose their
importance and meaning.

5. How is the word marks explained in Gal. 6: 177?

Paul uses the expression of carrying the death of Jesus in the body, speaking of
the cruel persecution that Christ continually suffered, which indicates to us that
these marks are related to the persecutions he suffered.

6. Why doesn't clothed in Gal 8:27 mean being covered with a baptismal robe?
Because of the parallel passages in Rom. 13:13, 14 and Col. 3:12-14, we make it
clear. Being clothed with Christ, on the one hand, consists of having left carnal
practices such as lust, dissolution, quarrels and envy; and on the other hand in
having adopted, as a decent dress, the practices of a new life, such as mercy,
kindness, humility, meekness, tolerance and above all the love whose actions the
primitive Christians symbolized in their baptism, allowing themselves to be
buried and raised as a sign of having died to these worldly practices and having
been resurrected to that new life, with its corresponding new practices.

7. How is the true meaning derived from the expression that David was "a
man after God's own heart "?
Drawing on the parallel in 1 Samuel 2:35, God says: "I will raise up for myself a
faithful priest who will do according to my heart;" from which it follows, taking
the whole passage into consideration, that David, especially in his capacity as
priest-king,
 I would act according to the heart or will of God. This idea is fully confirmed in
the parallel passage of Cap. 13: verse 14, where we further find that it was in
view of the rebellious Saul, and contrary to his evil conduct as king, that David
would be a man after God's heart

8. What are parallels for in the case of proper names?

To clarify doubts regarding the character and the person studied

9. How are apparent contradictions clarified by parallels?

When consulting this type of parallel, it is advisable to proceed as follows: first
look for the parallel, that is, the clarification of the obscure word in the same
book or author in which it is found, then in other books of the same period and,
finally, in any book of scriptures.

10. How should one proceed when consulting word parallels?

Look for parallels, preferably in the same book or in the books of the author
being studied.

11. What examples can be offered that demonstrate the need to look for
parallels in the same author and from the same time?
The word works, when it occurs alone, in the letters to the Romans and the
Galatians means the opposite of faith, namely: the practices of the ancient law as
the foundation of salvation. In the letter of James, on the contrary, the same word
is always used in the sense of the obedience and holiness that true faith in Jesus
produces. In this case, and in similar cases, one word does not clarify the other;
from which circumstance we understand the need to look for parallels
 CHAPTER X: FIFTH RULE (TWO PART)

1. What is meant by parallels of ideas? They are those that are used to get a
complete and exact idea of what Scripture teaches in this or that particular
text, perhaps obscure or disputed.
2. How is the word all explained in the commandment: "drink of it all" in
order to communion? They present to us the "eating of the bread and
drinking of the wine" as inseparable events in the Supper, entrusting them to
all the members of the church without distinction.
3. How do you prove that the rock that Jesus mentions in Mal 16:18 is not
Peter?
In Matthew 21: 42, 44, Jesus himself is presented to us as the cornerstone or
"corner head," already prophesied and typified in the Old Testament. And in
accordance with this idea Peter himself declares that Christ is the living
stone; the chief corner stone, in Zion, the stone rejected by the Jews that was
made the head of the corner, (1 Peter 2:4,8).

4. How do you proceed in the study of parallels of ideas?

- Clarifying Dark Passages Through Lighter Parallel Passages
- Figurative expressions, through their own parallel texts without a
figure
- And the ideas summarily expressed, through the most extensive and
explicit parallels.

5. How does charity cover sin according to Scripture?

In the sense of forgiving the offenses received from the brothers, burying
them in oblivion, contrary to the hatred that awakens quarrels and fuels sin.

6. How is the true meaning of the expression new creature, from Gal. 6:
15?
Consulting the parallel of 2 Cor 5:16, we find that the new creature is the
person who is in Christ Jesus, for whom "all old things have passed away"
and "all things have become new;" while in Gal. 5:6 and 1 to Cor 7: 19, the
new creature is presented to us as a person who has faith and observes the
commandments of God.

7. How is the whole idea of "justification by faith" made clear?

Turning to numerous passages from the letters to the Romans and the
Galatians, in which it is explained at length how by the law every man is a
convicted criminal before God and how by faith in the death of Christ, in the
place of the sinner, man , without any merit of his own, is declared righteous
and absolved by God himself (Rom 3,4, 5; Gal. 3:4.)
1) What are "parallels of general teachings"?
They are biblical passages that contain expressions of teaching according to the
Scriptures, and are used for the clarification and correct interpretation of certain
passages.
CHAPTER XI: FIFTH RULE (THIRD PART)
2) How is the false interpretation of the expression: "Justification without the
works of the law" avoided?
Consulting the general tenor or doctrine of the Scripture that refers to the matter.

3) How do we clarify the expressions that present God as a limited being?

According to the general tenor or teaching of the Scriptures, God is an
omnipotent spirit, most pure, most holy, knowing all things and present
everywhere, something that is positively recorded in a multitude of passages.
Now, other texts that, apparently, present God as a human being, limiting him to
time or place, diminishing in some sense his purity or holiness, his power or
wisdom, such texts must be interpreted in the light of said general teachings.

4) Why do such expressions occur? The fact that there are texts that at first glance
do not seem to harmonize with this tenor of the Scriptures is due to the figurative
language of the Bible and the inability of the human mind to embrace divine
truth in its entirety. How is the right understanding of the text that says that
God has made the wicked for the evil day achieved? According to the tenor of
the Scriptures in many passages, Jehovah does not want the death of the wicked,
he does not want anyone to perish, but for everyone to come to repentance. And,
therefore, the meaning of the last part of the text must be that the Creator of all
things, on the evil day, will know how to use even the wicked to carry out his
adorable designs. How many times, by the providence of God, have the wicked
served as scourges and plagues to others, punishing themselves at the same time!

5) Why should parallels be used when it comes to figurative language? to

determine whether a passage should be taken literally or figuratively since it is
necessary to remember that some similarity or equality between two things,
people or events, justifies the comparison and use of the figure. So, if there is a
certain correspondence between the figurative meaning of a word and its literal
meaning, it is not necessary, nor is it possible, that everything contained in the
figure is in the literal sense.

6) Under what condition is the use of a rhetorical figure permitted?

In the case of figures taken from material objects

7) Why should we not look for the equivalent of all the circumstances of the
figures?
So as not to draw illicit consequences or those contrary to the Scriptures.

8) In what spirit should the figures or symbols of the Scriptures be studied and
understood?
With special sobriety and seriousness.
CHAPTER XII REPETITION AND
OBSERVATIONS
1. What is the main requirement to understand Holy Scripture? A humble
spirit

2. How are the great principles of Christianity expressed in the Scriptures?

Clearly

3. When are rules of interpretation useful? When there is a dark spot or one that
is difficult to understand

4. Why is it important for every Christian to have ideas about the correct
Interpretation of the Scriptures? For their own benefit and to be able to enlighten
those who contradict them.

5. Who is the fundamental interpreter of the Bible? The Bible is its own
interpreter

6. How do you get the true meaning of your texts? Searching for the true
meaning of his words

7. In which book do we look for the meaning of biblical words? In the Bible

8. In what sense should words generally be taken? In the sense they commonly
have

9. How do you proceed when a word has several meanings?

Reviewing in the context of each of the texts.

10. When is this or that doctrine completely biblical? When the scriptures put it
in that order
 CHAPTER XIII: RHETORICAL FIGURES (FIRST PART)
1. What is meant by metaphor?
It is a figure that is based on some similarity between two objects or facts,
one being characterized by what is characteristic of the other.
Examples: When Jesus says: "I am the true vine," Jesus characterizes himself
with what is proper and essential to the vine; And in saying to the disciples:
"You are the branches," he characterizes them with what is proper to the
branches.
2. What is synecdoche?
The use of this figure is done when the part is put for the whole or the whole
for the part. Examples: The Psalmist puts the part for the whole when he
says: "My flesh will rest securely," instead of saying: my body or my being,
which would be the whole, the flesh being only part of its being. (Salt. 16:9)
3. What is metonymy?
It is a figure that puts the cause for the effect, or the sign or symbol for the
reality that the symbol indicates.
Examples: Jesus uses this figure, putting the cause for the effect by saying:
"You have Moses and the prophets; listen to them," instead of saying that
you have the writings of Moses and the prophets, that is, the Old Testament.
(Luc. 16:29).
4. What is prosopopoeia?
It is a figure that personifies inanimate things, attributing the facts or actions
of people to them.
Examples: The Apostle speaks of death as a person who can win victory or
suffer defeat when asking: "Where is your sting, O death?" (the Cor. 15:55).
5. What is irony?
It is a figure that expresses the opposite of what is meant, but always in such
a way that the true meaning is highlighted. 33 Examples: Paul uses this figure
when he calls false teachers great apostles and high apostles, while implying
that they are in no way such apostles (2 Cor. 11:5; 12:11, see 11:13).
6. What is hyperbole?
It is the figure by which a thing is represented as much larger or smaller than
it really is, to present it alive to the imagination. Both irony and hyperbole
are rarely used in Scripture, but they do occur from time to time.
Examples: The explorers of the land of Canaan use hyperbole when they
recount what they had seen there, saying: "We saw giants there... and we
were, in our opinion, like locusts... the cities (are ) large and walled up to the
sky." (No. 13:34; Deut. 1:28)
1. What is meant by allegory? Allegory is a rhetorical figure that generally
consists of several metaphors linked together, each of them representing
corresponding realities.
 CHAPTER XIV: RHETORICAL FIGURES (TWO PART)
2. What is the fable? The fable is a historical allegory, rarely used in Scripture, in
which a fact or some circumstance is presented in the form of a narrative through the
personification of things or animals.

3. What is the enigma? The enigma is also a type of allegory, but its solution is
difficult and abstruse.

4. What is the type? The type is a type of metaphor that does not consist merely of
words, but of facts, people or objects that designate similar facts, people or objects in
the future.

5. What is the symbol? The symbol is a kind of type by which some thing or some
fact is represented by means of another familiar thing or fact that is considered
purposely to serve as a likeness or representation.

What is the parable and what special circumstances must be observed in its
interpretation? The parable is a type of allegory presented in the form of a
narrative, relating natural facts or possible events, always with the aim of declaring
or illustrating one or several important truths.
CHAPTER XV: RHETORICAL FIGURES (PART THREE)
1. What is a simile? How is it distinguished from metaphor? It is a figure that
consists of expressly comparing one thing with another, to give a vivid and effective
idea of one of them. Simile : Expressly compares one thing with another. (Like)
Metaphor: Name one thing with the name of another.

2. What examples of similes can you supply?

For you yourselves know perfectly well that the day of the Lord will come like a
thief in the night. 1 Thessalonians 5:2

Behold, you are beautiful, my friend; behold, you are beautiful; Your eyes between
your locks like a dove; Your hair is like a flock of goats that lie down on the slopes
of Gilead. Song of Solomon 4:1

3. What is a question mark? Figure that consists of questioning, not to express

doubt or ask for a response, but to indirectly express the statement, or give more
vigor or effectiveness to what is said. Is every question a figure of rhetoric? No,
Provide examples. Which father among you, if his son asks for bread, will give him
a stone? Or if fish, instead of fish, will he give him a snake? Luke 11:11.

4. What is an apostrophe? Figure that consists of suddenly cutting the thread of

speech or narration, either to direct the word vehemently in the second person to one
or more present or absent, living or dead, to abstract beings or inanimate things, or to
address it to oneself on equal terms . How is this figure of rhetoric different from
personification? When the message changes the recipient Give examples from the
Bible. What did you have, oh sea, that you fled? And you, O Jordan, who turned
back? O mountains, why did you leap like rams, and you hills like little lambs? The
earth trembles at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob; who
made the rock a pool of water, and a rock fountain of water. (Psalm 114:5-8).

5. What is an antithesis? Give examples. Figure that consists of contrasting a

phrase or word with another of opposite meaning. Ex. I call the heavens and the
earth as witnesses today against you, that I have set before you life and death,
blessing and cursing; Therefore choose life, so that you and your descendants may
live; Deut.30:19

6. What is a climax or gradation? Figure that consists of putting together words or

phrases in speech that, with respect to their meaning, ascend or descend by degrees,
so that each one of them expresses something more or something less than the
previous one.

7. Make a distinction between climax and antithesis. Provide examples.

The antithesis is the contrast that is made in the text while the climax or
gradation is the rise or fall in which the events in the text occur.
For the wages of sin is death: but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our
Lord. Romans 6:23

And if children, also heirs; heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ, if indeed we
suffer with him, so that we may be glorified with him. Romans 8:17
CHAPTER XVI: RHETORICAL FIGURES (FOURTH PART)
1. What is a proverb?
This is a common saying or adage. The proverb has been defined as an
extraordinary and paradoxical statement
2. What is an acrostic?
The word acrostic comes from two Greek words that mean extremity or verse.
3. What is a paradox?

A paradox is called a proposition or statement contrary to common opinion; to a

statement contrary to all appearances and at first sight absurd, impossible, or
contrary to common sense, but which if studied carefully, or meditated on, turns
out to be correct and well founded
 CHAPTER XVII: HEBRAISMS

1. What is meant by Hebraisms?

Certain expressions and turns peculiar to the Hebrew language that occur in our
translations of the Bible, which was originally written in Hebrew and Greek
2. What Hebraisms are explained in examples 1 to 5?
Of numbers, words that express action, names of people and places

3. What are "quasi-Hebraisms"?

It is the peculiar use of certain numbers, of some words that express real or
supposed facts and of various proper names.
4. How are numbers, action words, names of people and places sometimes
used?
Certain determinate numbers are sometimes used in Hebrew to express
indeterminate quantities. Sometimes round numbers are used to express inexact
quantities.
Sometimes a peculiar use is made of words expressing action, occasionally
saying that a person does a thing when he only declares it done, when he causes
it to be done, when he prophesies that it will be done, when it is supposed to be
done or when it is considered to be done. done. Sometimes something is also
ordered to be done when only 51 it is allowed to be done.
A very unique use is made of proper names, sometimes designating different
people with the same name, different places with the same name, a person and a
place with the same name and the same person with different names.
CHAPTER XVIII SYMBOLIC WORDS
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