CHAPTER-6

Question 1. What is a tissue?

Solution : It is a group of cells similar in origin and structure and they are specialized
to perform a particular function like muscle cells in our body form the muscle tissue
that bring about body movements (specific function).

Question 2. What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?

Solution : In unicellular organisms, a single cell performs all the basic functions such
as respiration, movement, excretion, digestion, etc. But in multicellular organisms,
cells are grouped to form tissues. These tissues are specialised to carry out a
particular function at a definite place in the body. For example, the muscle cells form
muscular tissues which helps in movement, nerve cells form the nervous tissue
which helps in transmission of messages. This is known as division of labour in
multicellular organisms. It is because of this division of labour that multicellular
organisms are able to perform all functions efficiently.

Question 3. Name types of simple tissues.

Solution : The simple tissues (found in plants) are of following three types:
i) parenchyma
ii) collenchymas
iii) Sclerenchyma

Question 4. Where is apical meristem found?

Solution : The apical meristem is found at the apex (growing tips) of the stem and
roots.

Question 5. Which tissue makes up the husk of coconut?

Solution : Sclerenchymatous tissue.

Question 6. What are the constituents of phloem?

Solution : The constituents of phloem are: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem
parenchyma, phloem fibres (bast).

Question 7. Name the tissue responsible for movement in our body.

Solution : Muscle/muscular tissue.

Question 8. What does a neuron look like?

Solution : A neuron comprises of a cell body (cyton) along with one or more short
branches(Dendron) and one hair like long branch (axon).

Question 9. Give three features of cardiac muscles.

Solution : v Cardiac muscles are involuntary i.e. they don’t work under our will.
i. Its cells are cylindrical, branched, striated and uninucleate.
ii. It shows rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout the person’s life.

Question 10. What are the functions of areolar tissue?

Solution : Areolar tissue is a kind of filler tissue found between skin and muscles,
around our blood vessels and nerve cells and also in the bone marrow. Its functions
are therefore
i) To fill the space inside organs.
ii) To help in repair and maintenance of nearby tissues/organs.
iii) To support and prevent injuries to internal organs.
Question 11. Define the term “tissue”.
Solution : It is a group of cells similar in origin and structure and they are specialized
to perform a particular function like muscle cells in our body form the muscle tissue
that bring about body movements(specific function).

Question 12. How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue?
Name them.
Solution : Xylem tissue is made up of following 4 types of elements:
i) Tracheids
ii) vessels
iii) fibres
iv) parenchyma

Question 13. How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?
Solution :

Simple tissue Complex tissue

These tissues consist of only one These tissues are made up of more than one type
type of cells. of cells.
Different types of cells perform different functions.
The cells are more or less similar
For example, in the xylem tissue, tracheids help in
in structure and perform similar
water transport, whereas parenchyma stores
functions.
food.
Three types of simple tissues in
Two types of complex permanent tissues in plants
plants are parenchyma,
are xylem and phloem.
collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.

Question 14. Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and

sclerenchyma, on the basis of their cell wall.
Solution :

Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Cell walls are relatively The cell wall is irregularly The cell walls are
thin, and the cells in thickened at the corners, and uniformly thickened, and
parenchyma tissues are there is very little space there are no intercellular
loosely packed. between the cells. spaces.
Pectin and hemicellulose are An additional layer of the
The cell wall in this tissue
the major constituents of the cell wall composed mainly
is made up of cellulose.
cell wall. of lignin is found.
Question 15. What are the functions of the stomata?
Solution :
Functions of the stomata:
(i) They allow the exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) with the atmosphere.
(ii) Evaporation of water from the leaf surface occurs through the stomata. Thus, the
stomata help in the process of transpiration.

Question 16. Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of
muscle fibres.
Solution :

Question 17. What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?

Solution : Cardiac muscles are the muscles of heart that pumps blood to all parts of
body and the pumping needs rhythmic contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles
throughout the life without any fatigue.

Question 18. Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on

the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.
Solution :

Striated muscle Unstriated muscle Cardiac muscle

On the basis of structure:
Cells are cylindrical Cells are long Cells are cylindrical
Cells are not branched Cells are not branched Cells are branched
Cells are multinucleate Cells are uninucleate Cells are uninucleate
Alternate light and dark Faint bands are
There are no bands present
bands are present present
Its ends are flat and
Its ends are blunt Its ends are tapering
wavy
On the basis of location:
These muscles control the
These muscles are
movement of food in the These muscles control
present in body parts
alimentary canal, the contraction the contraction and
such as hands, legs,
and relaxation of blood vessels, relaxation of the heart
tongue, etc.
etc.
Question 19. Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.

Solution :

Question 20. Name the following.

(a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth.
(b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans.
(c) Tissue that transports food in plants.
(d) Tissue that stores fat in our body.
(e) Connective tissue with a fluid matrix.
(f) Tissue present in the brain.
Solution :
(a) epithelial tissue
(b) tendons
(c) phloem
(d) adipose tissue
(e) blood
(f) nerve tissue

Question 21. Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, bark of tree, bone,
lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.
Solution :
Skin: Stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Bark of tree: Simple permanent tissue
Bone: Connective tissue
Lining of kidney tubule: Cuboidal epithelial tissue
Vascular bundle: Complex permanent tissue

Question 22. Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.

Solution : Parenchymatous tissue is present in the epidermis, cortex, pith of the
stem, root, leaves, flowers and fruits of plants.

Question 23. What is the role of epidermis in plants?

Solution : It is a protective layer to the plant parts. It can also absorb water from soil
like in the roots and even allow exchange of gases through stomata.

Question 24. How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

Solution : In plants the secondary meristem cuts off many external layers of cells
that are dead and arranged in a compact manner. Such layers together make cork.
They have deposition of suberin which is very hard and impermeable hence protects
plants from unfavorable conditions and microbial attack etc.

Question 25. Complete the table :

Solution :