Ranchi

Ranchi (/ˈrɑːntʃi/ , Hindi: [ˈrãːtʃiː]) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand.[6] Ranchi was the
centre of the Jharkhand movement,[7] which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of
South Bihar, northern Odisha, western West Bengal and the eastern area of what is present-day
Chhattisgarh. The Jharkhand state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar
divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas. Ranchi has been selected as one of the hundred
Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities
Mission.[8]

Ranchi is also one of the oldest cities in Jharkhand. Jagannath Temple and Ratu Palace are some
sights which witnessed the history of Ranchi.[9]

Ranchi is rapidly growing its economy, and certain parks, special economic zones and industrial
areas are being developed. Of late, new sectors and modern areas have been built for the city's
development.[10] Ranchi is also nicknamed the City of Waterfalls.[11]

Etymology

According to one popular tale, Captain choose "Archi" an Oraon tribal village as headquarters. Archi
means Bamboo forest in local Nagpuri dialect. The British inadvertently named "Archi" as "Ranchi".
Captain Thomas Wilkinson renamed Kishunpur village as Rachi. Up to 1927, the place was known
as Rachi.[12][13][14]

In his book The Mundas and Their Country, anthropologist Sarat Chandra Roy writes that the name of
the city is derived from the Mundari word aranchi or "short stick" used in driving cattle.[15] while
other opined that aranchi is bi-weekly market.[16]

According to another local story, the name of Ranchi comes from a local bird named "Rici" which
was mostly found in the Pahari Mandir premise. Rici is name for Black Kite (Milvus migrans) in
Mundari language, the modern-day landmark of Ranchi city, the Pahari Mandir, is also known as Rici
Buru (रिचि बुरु) - the hill of the kites,[17] and the city originated on the foothills of Rici Buru with the
construction of Bada Talab by Commissioner Thomas Wilkinson at the same site.
History Ranchi
Metropolis
The earliest evidence of use of several iron slag,
pot sheds, iron tools found in Chota Nagpur
region around 1400 BCE.[18] Magadha Empire
exercised indirect control over the territory, which
lasted until the reign of the Ashoka. Armies of
Samudra Gupta passed through the region on
their expedition to the Deccan. In the 4th century
CE, Nagvanshi king Raja Pratap Rai chose Chutia
as his capital which is now a place in Ranchi. Few
ruins of Chutia trace back to the 2nd century
CE.[12][19][20][21] With the expansion of the Mughal
Empire, the sovereign status of the Nagvanshi
dynasty was technically affected, but they
continued to rule and administer independently.
Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo made Satranji as
capital of Barkagarh estate near Subarnarekha
river. He built Jagannath Temple in 1691.[22][23]

Nickname: City of Waterfalls

Jagannath temple, Ranchi

After the Battle of Buxar, Nagvanshi became a

vassal of the East India Company. The British
reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Jamindar in 1817
due to rebellion of Jagirdars under Nagvanshi Ranchi

against tax imposition by East India Company

and directly ruled Chotanagpur.[24] In 1833,
Captain Wilkinson established headquarter of the
Location in Jharkhand
South-West Frontier agency in the village of Show map of Jharkhand
Kishunpur, which he renamed into Ranchi after Show map of India
the hamlet located at the foot of the Hill.[25][26] In Show all
1855, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo declared Coordinates: 23.36°N 85.33°E (https://geohac
independence from British rule. British attacked k.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ranc
hi&params=23.36_N_85.33_E_type:city(10734
Satranji but he defeated British forces. He ruled 27)_region:IN)
independently for two years.[27] In the Indian Country India
Rebellion of 1857, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo
State Jharkhand
led soldiers of Ramgarh Battalion with Madhav
Singh who was Jamadar of Ramgarh Battalion. District Ranchi

Pandey Ganpat Rai, Tikait Umrao Singh and Established 1833 CE

Sheikh Bhikhari also joined the rebellion. They Government
attacked the British in Ranchi and compelled to
• Body Ranchi Municipal
flee them. But later they were defeated by East Corporation
India company forces in Chatra and in Pithuriya
• MLA Ranchi Sadar C.P. Singh, BJP
with the help of the king of Pithuriya, Jagatpal
• MLA Hatia (Ranchi) Navin Jaiswal, BJP
Singh and hanged.[27][28][29] British made Ranchi
as municipality in 1869 and Ranchi was first • MLA Kanke Sammari Lal, BJP
(Ranchi)
termed as a town in the census of 1872.[30]
• MP Sanjay Seth, BJP
Nagvanshi shifted their capital to Ratu from
Palkot in 1870. Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo built • Mayor Asha Lakra (BJP)

Ratu Palace in Ratu in 1900. He donated large Area[1]

tracts of land to build the infrastructure of the
• Metropolis 175.12 km2
[31]
city. Freedom fighter Birsa Munda died in the (67.61 sq mi)
Ranchi jail on 9 June 1900.[32] In 1912, • Metro[2] 652.02 km2
Jyotirindranath Tagore, the eldest brother of (251.75 sq mi)
Rabindranath Tagore, settled in Ranchi. Tagore Elevation 651 m (2,136 ft)
Hill, where his house was located, has been
Population (2011)[3]
named after him in remembrance.[33] The last
• Metropolis 1,073,427
ruler of the Nagvanshi dynasty was Lal
Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1931– • Rank 38th

2014).[34] • Density 6,100/km2

(16,000/sq mi)
After independence, Ranchi saw significant
• Metro[4] 1,456,528
increase in its population. Its population rate of
Demonym Ranchite/Ranchiite
growth was 3.5% in 1901 to 1941, which
increased to 14% in 1951–1971.[30] This was Languages

because of increased industrial and educational • Official Hindi, English

institutions being set up, as well as the arrival of • Regional Nagpuri
post-partition refugees. Ranchi became an Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
'administrative-cum-industrial' town in 1958 when PIN 834001(83 xxxx)
[30]
Heavy Engineering Corporation was set up.
Telephone code 0651
The succeeding years saw Ranchi becoming the
headquarters for the Steel Authority of India Ltd Vehicle registration JH-01

and Central Coalfields Ltd.[25] The city remained Sex ratio(per 1000 950
male)
the summer capital of Bihar till the creation of
Jharkhand in November 2000, when Ranchi Literacy 87.37%[5]

became the capital of the new state.[35] Website www.ranchi.nic.in (ht

tp://www.ranchi.nic.i
n)
Geography www.ranchimunicipal
.com (http://www.ran
chimunicipal.com/)
Ranchi lies at 23°22′N 85°20′E (https://geohack.to
olforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ranchi&par
ams=23.36_N_85.33_E_) near the Tropic of Cancer. The city covers an area of 175 km2
(68 sq mi)[1] and its average elevation is 651 m above sea level. Ranchi is located in the southern
part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, which is the eastern section of the Deccan plateau.

Ranchi has a hilly topography and its dense tropical forests a combination that produces a relatively
moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. However, due to the uncontrolled deforestation
and development of the city, the average temperature has increased.[36]

Kanke Dam

Tagore Hill
Climate

Although Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Climate Classification: Cwa), its location
and the forests surrounding it combine to produce the unusually pleasant climate for which it is
known. Summer temperatures range from 20 to 42 °C, winter temperatures from 0 to 25 °C.
December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing point in
some areas (Kanke). The annual rainfall is about 1,430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September
the rainfall is about 1,100 mm.[37]

Climate data for Ranchi (1981–2010, extremes 1951–2009) [hide]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C 31.6 35.0 39.0 43.4 43.1 43.3 38.0 34.6 34.5 33.2 32.0 29.8 43.4
(°F) (88.9) (95.0) (102.2) (110.1) (109.6) (109.9) (100.4) (94.3) (94.1) (91.8) (89.6) (85.6) (110.1)
Mean daily 23.6 26.3 31.5 35.6 36.8 33.4 29.8 29.2 29.4 28.9 26.5 24.0 29.6
maximum °C (°F) (74.5) (79.3) (88.7) (96.1) (98.2) (92.1) (85.6) (84.6) (84.9) (84.0) (79.7) (75.2) (85.3)
Mean daily 9.8 12.6 16.8 21.2 23.3 23.5 22.7 22.4 21.8 18.6 13.6 9.9 18.0
minimum °C (°F) (49.6) (54.7) (62.2) (70.2) (73.9) (74.3) (72.9) (72.3) (71.2) (65.5) (56.5) (49.8) (64.4)
Record low °C 3.2 3.5 8.6 9.7 16.1 18.5 19.2 19.0 17.2 12.0 7.0 4.3 3.2
(°F) (37.8) (38.3) (47.5) (49.5) (61.0) (65.3) (66.6) (66.2) (63.0) (53.6) (44.6) (39.7) (37.8)
Average rainfall 16.7 21.2 25.0 21.8 61.7 249.4 336.6 319.1 247.3 76.6 10.8 11.6 1,397.7
mm (inches) (0.66) (0.83) (0.98) (0.86) (2.43) (9.82) (13.25) (12.56) (9.74) (3.02) (0.43) (0.46) (55.03)
Average rainy
1.7 2.1 2.1 2.2 4.6 10.9 16.3 16.9 12.4 4.0 1.0 1.0 75.2
days
Average relative
humidity (%) 47 40 31 29 39 64 82 83 78 65 54 50 55
(at 17:30 IST)

Source: India Meteorological Department[38][39]

Demographics

Population

As of 2011 India census,[41] Ranchi Municipal Corporation has a population of 1,073,427, The urban
agglomeration had a population of 14,56,528 making it the 32nd most populous urban
agglomeration in India. Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%.[42] Ranchi has
an average literacy rate of 87.68%.

The city witnessed a sudden surge in population after the creation of the new state of Jharkhand in
2000. Owing to the rising employment opportunities and opening of numerous regional and state
level offices, banks and FMCG companies, the city witnessed a rapid influx of employment seeking
migrants. As per a study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was one of the highest
employment generating Tier-III cities in India with a share of
Historical population
16.8%, followed by Mangalore and Mysore.[43]
Year Pop. ±%
1901 25,970 —
Language 1911 32,994 +27.0%
1921 39,628 +20.1%
1931 50,517 +27.5%
1941 62,562 +23.8%
1951 106,849 +70.8%
1961 140,253 +31.3%
1971 255,551 +82.2%
1981 489,626 +91.6%
1991 599,306 +22.4%
Languages spoken in 2001 847,093 +41.3%
Ranchi city (2011)[44]
2011 1,073,427 +26.7%
Hindi (56.29%)
Source: Census of India[40]
Urdu (12.15%)
Nagpuri (10.23%)
Bhojpuri (4.41%)
Bengali (3.49%)
Kurukh (3.00%)
Mundari (2.32%)
Magahi (2.17%)
Maithili (1.56%)
Others (4.38%)

Hindi is the lingua franca in Ranchi. Nagpuri is regional language of the region. Hindi is spoken by
799,133, Urdu by 130,457, Bengali by 37,450, Kurukh by 24,762 people, Mundari by 24,858 and
Maithili by 16,746 people.
Religion

Religion in Ranchi City (2011)[45]

Religion Percent
Hinduism 64.31%
Islam 16.42%
Sarnaism 9.72%
Christianity 8.52%
Other or not stated 1.03%

Hinduism is the prominent religion of Ranchi followed by 64.31% of the population. Islam is the
second most followed religion in the city by 16.42% of the people. Minorities are Christians 8.52%,
Sikhs 0.39%, Jains 0.22%, Buddhists 0.06%, those that did not state a religion are 0.35%, and others
are 9.72%.

Governance and politics

Civic administration

The municipal corporation covers an area of 175 km2 (68 sq mi) and is divided into 55
administrative wards, each represented by an elected corporator.[1]

At the time of the creation of the state of Jharkhand in 2000, the Bihar Municipal Act, 1922 was
adapted as the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2000 to govern all ULBs in the new state. Ranchi Municipal
Corporation was governed by its own municipal act, the Ranchi Municipal Corporation Act, 2001.
With the enactment of the Jharkhand Municipal Act 2011, these two ceased to be in effect and the
2011 became the only governing legislature for all city governments in Jharkhand.[46]

Under section 26 of the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011, the positions of mayor and deputy mayor
are elected directly i.e. the position holders are voted in by the people themselves.[47] The last
municipal election was in 2018 with a voter turnout of 49.3%, up from 38% in the last election in
2013.[48][49] Asha Lakra and Sanjiv Vijayawargia – both from the Bharatiya Janta Party – won the
mayoral and deputy mayoral seats.[50] The 2018 municipal election was the first time the mayoral
and deputy mayoral candidates in Jharkhand could use political party symbols, while the candidates
for councilor seats continued to use symbols allotted to them by the Jharkhand State Election
Commission.[50][51] The next municipal election will take place in 2023.[52]
The Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 mandates the establishment of ward committees for each ward
in the municipality.[47] Though ward committees have been formed in Ranchi, they are not active.[53]

Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Constituencies

Ranchi city is part of the Ranchi Lok Sabha Constituency. Sanjay Seth won the seat in the 2019
General Election and represents this constituency at the Lok Sabha as a Member of Parliament.[54]
Ranchi is part of the Ranchi Vidhan Sabha Constituency and the representative Member of
Legislative Assembly at the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha is Chandreshwar Prasad Singh. Singh has held
the post since 2000, with the last Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha election being in 2019. Both politicians
belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party.[55]

Public utilities

Birsa Munda Airport

Ranchi Junction railway station

The various infrastructure and civic services demands of the city are met by different entities,
including Ranchi Municipal Corporation, state government departments, and parastatal
organisations. The Ranchi Master Plan 2037 was created by a private consultant firm under the
clientship of the Ranchi Municipal Corporation, Urban Development and Housing Department, and
Ranchi Regional Development Authority.[56][57] Roads in Ranchi are developed and maintained by the
municipal corporation, Jharkhand Government, Ranchi Regional Development Authority, and
National Highways Authority of India.[58] The Water Supply Section of the municipal corporation is
responsible for issuing water connections, maintaining hand pumps in wards, collecting water
usage charges and fines, whereas the state government Drinking Water Supply and Sewerage
Department supplies the water.[59][60] The Health Department of the corporation is responsible for
the Solid Waste Management of the city. RMC operates buses in the city and has outsourced this to
a private agency.[61]

Economy

Ranchi is one of the major industrial cities of Eastern India and located in the region called 'Ruhr of
India' (Chota Nagpur) making it an ideal place for mineral based industries. Ranchi has presence of
many well-known government and private organisations in the vicinity of city. SAIL-R&D, MECON.Ltd,
Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (Marine Diesel Engine Project), Central Coalfields,
CMPDI.Ltd, Subarnarekha Hydel Project (JSEB), Usha Martin.Ltd (Wire Rope Division),[62] DVC, STPI-
Ranchi,[63] Heavy Engineering Corp., Palriwal Industries, Pensol India, Waxpol Industries, Jharkhand
Mega Food Park etc. are the prominent industries here.

The Federation of Jharkhand Chamber of Commerce & Industries (FJCCI),[64] ASSOCHAM, MSME-DI
and JIADA[65] are major apex industrial bodies present here. JIADA consists many industrial areas in
Ranchi, e.g. – Kokar, Tatisilwai, Namkum etc. are among them.

As per a study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was the highest employment generating
Tier-III cities in India followed by Mangalore and Mysore.[66] MECON Ltd Company has its
headquarters in Ranchi at Ashok Nagar. Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Association has its
office in Namkum. Central Coalfields also has its headquarters in Ranchi.

Ranchi houses a number of companies. Along with Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Giridih it is
one of the industrial hubs of the city. Here are the following companies which are based in Ranchi
and also headquartered in Ranchi itself:Mecon limited, Central Coalfields, Heavy Engineering
Corporation, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute, Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank and Dzinex
Technology

The main and major businesses here are located in Lalpur, Hindpiri, Lower Bazaar, Upper Bazaar and
Doranda

STPI Ranchi has set up its branch at Namkum, Ranchi. It is usually an IT Park, which houses many IT
companies. It is being planned to build more parks like this. OFFCO Park is another park which is
built here. It is also a large and famous business park.
Lalpur, Doranda and Hindpiri are the business districts and financial districts in the city and the
state. This place houses several shopping malls. Whole of Ranchi has several shopping malls which
include: Nucleus Mall, Mall E Decor, JD Hi-Street Mall, Ranchi Central Mall, Laxmi Tower, Mall of
Ranchi, City Center (Centre) Mall, Big Mall, Spring City Mall, Arakshan Shopping Mall, Shelter Mall,
Ranchi Green City, Artic Mall, City Center or City Centre, City Mall and Galaxia Mall.

There are many other upcoming shopping malls and commercial projects

Lalpur - Central business district Central of Ranchi is the Arjan Place at Hindpiri, Ranchi
commercial, historical, cultural, houses several companies
financial and economic district including the Stock Holding
hub of the city Ranchi Corporation of India Limited
and Ricoh

Education

Universities and Institutes

Amity University, Jharkhand

Central Institute of Psychiatry Ranchi

Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi

Indian Institute of Management Ranchi

National Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences

Ranchi University

Sarala Birla University

Organizations
Association for Parivartan of Nation
 Anjuman Islamia Ranchi[67]

Health

Sadar Medical College and Hospital

Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences

Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke[68]

Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences[69][70]

Sports

Ranchi is a center for numerous sports activities, including cricket, hockey, football, and many
others.[71] The 34th National Games were successfully held in Ranchi in February 2011. An
International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium and a practice ground has been constructed.
So far, this stadium has hosted three One day International matches and one T20 International
match. Apart from that, this stadium has hosted two IPL 6 matches for Kolkata Knight Riders, three
champions league 2013 matches and Celebrity Cricket League matches for Bhojpuri Dabanggs. A
tennis academy, which was inaugurated by Sania Mirza and Shoaib Malik, also runs beside the
cricket stadium. Former Indian Cricket Team Captain M.S. Dhoni lives in Ranchi.[72] The Ranchi
franchise for Hockey India League was bought by Patel-Uniexcel Group and the team named the
Ranchi Rhinos.[73]

JSCA Cricket Stadium Entrance

Sports teams
Ranchi Rays (earlier Ranchi Rhinos)

Stadiums in Ranchi
Jaipal Singh Stadium

JSCA International Cricket Stadium

Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium

 Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium

Birsa Munda Football Stadium

Mega Sports Complex

Points of Interest

Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap

Show zoomed out

Show zoomed mid
Show zoomed in
Show all
Ranchi

Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park[74]

Dassam Falls

Getalsud Dam(also known as Rukka Dam; built in 1971)

Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church, the oldest church in eastern and northern India

Harmu Housing Colony[75]

Hundru Falls

Jagannath Temple, built by Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo, Raja of Barkagarh Jagannathpur in 1691.

Jonha Falls, also known as Gautamdhara (the place dedicated to Gautam Buddha)

Kanke Dam, also known as Gonda Dam built in 1955

Rock Garden, built along Kanke Dam

Nakshatra Van

Pahari Mandir, temple dedicated to Lord Shiva

Patratu Valley
 Ranchi Science Centre

Ratu Palace, capital of Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur.[76]

Sita Falls

Ranchi State Museum, State Art museum

St.Mary's Cathedral, one of oldest church of Ranchi built in 1847

Tagore Hill (related to Jyotindranath Tagore, brother of Rabindranath Tagore)

Notable people

Rajesh Chauhan, former Indian cricketer, born in Ranchi[77]

Deeba, Pakistani actress

MS Dhoni, former captain of Indian Cricket Team

Carl Haeberlin, German physician, born in Ranchi

Madhu Mansuri Hasmukh, folk singer

Rajesh Jais, actor

Komal Jha, actress

Anjana Om Kashyap, Indian journalist and news presenter

Neelu Kohli, actress

Deepika Kumari, Indian professional archer

Supriya Kumari, actress

Peter Mansfield, British journalist and historian, was born in Ranchi

Pat Reid MBE MC, escapee from Colditz Castle, born in Ranchi

Anushka Sen, actress

Gopal Sharan Nath Shahdeo, Nagvanshi prince and MLA

Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo, last Nagvanshi king

Vishwanath Shahdeo, freedom fighter, born in Barkagarh, Ranchi

Alisha Singh, dancer and choreographer

C.P. Singh (Indian politician)

See also

Ranchi Metropolitan Region

List of cities in Jharkhand

1967 Ranchi-Hatia riots

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External links

Website of the District Administration (http://ranchi.nic.in/) Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Ranchi.
Ranchi travel guide from Wikivoyage

Portal: India