Geography Notes (LEC 5) GK CONCEPT ACADEMY
Major Mountain Ranges of the World
A Mountain Range is series of mountains or hills with similarity in form, structure and alignment
There are five major Mountain Ranges of the World:
1. The Himalayan Mountain
Range
The Himalayas extends for about
2500 km between Indus and
Brahmaputra gorges from west to
east in an arc-shaped manner. It
plays an important role in the
determination of the climate of
Indian Sub-continent.
Highest Peaks: Mount Everest
(8,848 m)
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2. The Alps Mountain Range
The Alps Mountain Range is the
highest and most extensive
mountain range system of Europe,
stretching approximately 1,200
kilometres across eight Alpine
countries (from west to east):
France, Switzerland, Italy,
Monaco, Liechtenstein, Austria,
Germany, and Slovenia. It plays an
important role in the determination
of the climate of Europe.
Highest Peak: Mont Blanc
(4,808.73 m)
3. The Atlas Mountains Range
The Atlas Mountains Range stretches
around 2,500 km through Morocco, Algeria
and Tunisia. It separates the Mediterranean
and Atlantic coastlines from the Sahara
Desert and inhabited by Berber populations.
It was formed during the Precambrian
period.
Highest Peak: Toubkal (4,167 m)
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4. The Andes Mountain Range
The Andes or Andean Mountain Range is the
longest continental mountain range in the
world, stretching approximately 7,000 km
(4,300 mi).
Highest Peak: Aconcagua (6,961m)
5. The Rockies Mountain Range
The Rocky Mountain Range situated in
western North America, stretches more
than 3,000 miles (4,800 km) from the
northernmost part of British Columbia,
in western Canada, to New Mexico, in
the Southwestern United St
Highest peak: Mount Elbert 4399m
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Mountain Ranges in Pakistan
Karakoram:
The Karakoram is a mountain range in
the Kashmir region spanning the borders
of Pakistan, China, and India, with the range
extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Most
of the Karakoram mountain range falls under
the jurisdiction of Gilgit-Baltistan, which is
administered by Pakistan. Its highest (and
the world's second-highest) peak, K2, is
located in Gilgit-Baltistan. It begins in
the Wakhan Corridor (Afghanistan) in the
west, encompasses the majority of Gilgit-
Baltistan, and extends into Ladakh (controlled
by India) and Aksai Chin (controlled by
China).
Highest peak is K2 with 8611m
Himalayas:
The Himalayas cross five
countries: Nepal, China, Pakistan, Bhutan and
India. The Himalayan range is bordered on the
northwest by the Karakoram and Hindu
Kush ranges, on the north by the Tibetan
Plateau, and on the south by the Indo-Gangetic
Plain. Some of the world's major rivers,
the Indus, the Ganges, and the Tsangpo–
Brahmaputra, rise in the vicinity of the
Himalayas, and their combined drainage
basin is home to some 600 million people; 53
million people live in the Himalayas.[5]
Highest peak in Pakistan is Nanga
Parbat (8,126 metres (26,660 ft))
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Hindu Kush:
The Hindu Kush is mountain
range in Central and South Asia to the west of
the Himalayas. It stretches from central and
eastern Afghanistan into northwestern
Pakistan and far southeastern Tajikistan.
The eastern end of the Hindu Kush in the north
merges with the Karakoram Range. The range
has numerous high snow-capped peaks,
The highest peak is Tirich Mir at 7690
metres (25,230 ft) in the Chitral
District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Hindu Raj
The Hindu Raj is a mountain range in
northern Pakistan, between the Hindu
Kush and the Karakoram ranges.
Highest peak is Koyo Zom (6,872 m (22,546
ft)).
Spīn Ghar:
The Spīn Ghar or Safēd Kōh meaning
both White Mountains, is a mountain range to
the south of the Hindu Kush. It ranges from
eastern Afghanistan into Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and forms a natural
border between the two areas.
Its highest peak is Mount Sikaram on
the Afghanistan–Pakistan border.
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Sulaiman Mountains
The Sulaiman Mountains, also known as Kōh-e
Sulaymān are a north–south extension of the
southern Hindu Kush mountain system
in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In
southwestern Punjab, the mountains extend into
the two districts of Dera Ghazi
Khan and Rajanpur, which are located west of
the Indus River on the boundary with Balochistan.
Highest peak is Takht-e-Sulaiman (3,487
metres (11,440 ft)).
Margalla Hills
The Margalla Hills are a hill range within
the Margalla Hills National Park on the
northern edge of Islamabad Capital
Territory, Pakistan, just south of Haripur
District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. They are part
of the Himalayan foothills in Punjab.
Highest peak is Tilla Charouni (1,604
metres (5,262 ft))
Salt Range:
The Salt Range is a mountain range in the
north of Punjab province of Pakistan,
deriving its name from its extensive
deposits of rock salt.[1][2] The range
extends along the south of the Potohar
Plateau and the north of the Jhelum River.
Highest peak is Sakaser (1,522 metres
(4,993 ft))
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Toba Kakar:
The Toba Kakar are a
southern offshoot of
the Sulaiman Mountains in
the Balochistan province
of Pakistan, extending into
the Kandahar and Zabul pr
ovinces of Afghanistan. It
was an occasional hideout
for the Taliban during
the Afghanistan conflict.
Kirthar Mountains
The Kirthar Mountains are a mountain range that mark the boundary between
the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan and Sindh and which comprise much of the Kirthar
National Park. It runs north-south for about 300 kilometres.
The highest peak of the mountains is Zardak Peak at 7,430 ft (2,260 m).
Makran Range:
Makran is the southern coastal region of Balochistan. It is a semi-desert coastal strip in
the Balochistan province in Pakistan and in Iran Makrān bisects the modern political boundary
between Pakistan and Iran.
Ras Koh Range
The Ras Koh Hills is a range of granite hills
forming a southwestern part of the Sulaiman
Mountain Range, in the Chagai and Kharan districts
of Pakistan's Balochistan province. The word "Ras"
means "gateway" and the word "Koh" means
"mountain" in Balochi. Ras Koh, therefore, means
"Gateway to the Mountains." Pakistan's first nuclear
tests were carried out in the Ras Koh Hills on 28
May 1998.
Chagai Range
The Chagai Hills is a range of granite hills in
the Chagai District in Pakistan's Balochistan
province.
Kirana Hills,
The Kirana Hills is a small and extensive rocky
mountain range located in Chiniot and Rabwah,
Pakistan. Kirana-I nuclear tests were conducted in
these hills
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