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Simple present tense

definition:

The simple present tense is the most basic tense in English and uses the base form
of the verbs, with a clear exception of verb “to be”, which allows us to divide its
formulations in two.

Sentences formulation.

With to be: subject + to be + complement

Example: I am a teacher.

Zero to be: subject + rest of verbs + complement

Example: I live in Cagua

IMPORTANT TIP
Please keep in mind we are always going to have two formulations when we
are working with Present Simple. One for verb “to be” and another without it.

Simple present rules are focused on the subject; we will always use a different form for
the third person: she, he and it.

Usages:

Simple present is used:

To describe habits.
We can add some important grammatical elements like adverbs: time and frequency.
EXAMPLE: I eat arepas every day.
I always eat arepas.

For regular actions (repeated actions) or events.

EXAMPLE: He speaks with her mom, when he arrives home after work.

For unchanging situations.

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EXAMPLE: They speak Chinese.
She is a girl.

For general truths.

EXAMPLE: Caracas is Venezuela Capital.
London is a nice city.

For fixed arrangements = this use has future sense.

EXAMPLE: Your aunt arrives tonight.
We start classes next week.

It is the main clause in first conditional.

EXAMPLE: She will pass the test if she studies a lot.
Conditional clause Main clause

To describe states.
EXAMPLE: I am cold.
I have a cold.
The most important
Rules for the third person: rule to remember
he, she, it. when we use simple
present
Rules for the third person: he, she, it.
Please focus in the end of the verbs.

Verbs ending in SS, SH, CH, X, and O. add –es.

EXAMPLES:
• SS: I kiss my cat. → Kathy kisses her cat.
• SH: They wash their teeth. → He washes his teeth.
• CH: My parents watch TV every evening. → My dad watches TV every
evening.
• X: The boys fix their car. → My cousin fixes his car.
• O: I go home after noon. → She goes home after noon.

Verbs ending in “consonant” + -Y. change “y” to “ies”

EXAMPLE:
• We study English on Mondays. → Jhon studies English on Mondays
Rest of verbs add “s”.
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EXAMPLES:
• I love him. → He loves me.
• They dance very well. → She dances very well.

Formulations:

Remember we must work with two formulas.

Formulas with to be

sentences
positive Subject + to be + complement I am a nurse.
Subject + to be + not +
negative I am not a nurse.
complement

question
To be + subject + complement + ? Are you a nurse?

Short Answers
Important tip:
When we answer these types of question, avoid to make them longer, just
follow the rules.
Positive: contraction
Yes + comma (,) + subject + to be + period (.) Yes, he is.
form can not be applied.
Negative: both form can No + comma (,) + subject + to be + not No, he isn’t.
be applied +period (.) No, he is not.

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Es de suma importancia saber que los verbos Auxiliares Primarios también cumplen
la función de verbos principales, en cuyo caso poseen sus propias traducciones y usos.

Cómo verbos principales poseen las siguientes traducciones:

● To be: ser y estar.
● To do: hacer.
● To have: tener.

Verbo auxiliar "DO"

Puntos importantes sobre "DO" como auxiliar.

No debe poseer "TO" (infinitivo)

Ejemplo: Where do you live?

No posee tradición: solo cumple una función llamada gramaticalmente: elemento

de relleno (filled item) o sea está reemplazando el lugar de elemento.
Por ejemplo en una fórmula básica:
Where are you living? → ¿dónde estás viviendo?
Al colocar esta pregunta en presente simple, sustituiremos el verbo "To be" por
el auxiliar "DO" y este no poseerá traducción en español, ya que solo está
cumpliendo la función de elemento de reemplazo o relleno.
Where are you living? → (presente continuo o progresivo)
↓
Where do you live? → (presente simple)
¿Dónde ---- tú vives?

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No debe combinarse con otro verbo auxiliar.
EJEMPLO:
Do you can dance?
Can you dance?
Do you dance?

El auxiliar cumple con las reglas del tiempo verbal de la oración o pregunta por lo
tanto los verbos principales deben estar en su forma base (sin "to")

EJEMPLO:
NO DEBE
El tiene fiebre → He has a fever.
El no tiene fiebre → He does not have a fever. CONJUGAR
¿El tiene fiebre? → Does he have a fever? EL VERBO

Nota importante:
Formas del verbo
● To have → Tener = infinitivo.
● Have → Ten = base/ imperativo
● Have/has → tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen = conjugación

El verbo auxiliar "DO" posee 2 formas en presente simple, cada forma trabaja en conjunto
con sujetos específicos:

POR FAVOR
Pronombre Pronombre
Auxiliar Auxiliar RECUERDE
personal personal
ESTO
I She
You He
They Do It
Does
We
Funciones:

Representa el signo de interrogación abierto en preguntas en tiempos verbales

simples.
Do / Does → ¿

EJEMPLO:

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Oración: Tú comes pescado. → You eat fish.

Pregunta: ¿Tú comes pescado? → Do you eat fish?

Junto al elemento "NOT" forman el "NO" de nuestro idioma.

NOTA IMPORTANTE
POR FAVOR RECUERDE QUE EXISTEN 2 FORMAS PARA EL AUXILIAR
→ DO / DOES ←
Por lo tanto en Inglés existen 2 "NO" dependiendo del sujeto.

PRONOMBRE PRONOMBRE
AUXILIAR + NOT AUXILIAR + NOT
PERSONAL PERSONAL
I She
Do not Does not
You He
Don't Doesn't
They It
(Contracción) (Contracción)
We

EJEMPLOS:
Recuerde que el Él juega fútbol = He plays football.
verbo principal Él no juega fútbol = He does not play football.

debe estar en
Tengo muchos carros = I have many cars.
su base. No tengo carro =I do not have any car.

Para exaltar o amplificar una idea. (Tema, información, etc.)

EJEMPLO:
She dances very nice.
She does dance very nice.

auxiliary: do/does.
What are auxiliary verbs?
They are verbs which help the main verbs in a sentence to work properly and to
make sense; it means they are helper verbs.

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When some of them are working like auxiliar, they do not make sense on their own.

There are two kinds of auxiliary verbs

primarytip:
IMPORTANT modal
They are also named
To be “semi-modal Can, could, may, might,
verbs”.
To do must, should, ought to,
To have will, shall, would.
Nice things to know about auxiliary verb “DO”

It does not work with “to”.

EXAMPLE:
Where do you live?
Where to do you live?

It does not have any translation applied to it.

It works as a filled element.
EXAMPLE:
Where are you living?
↓
Where do you live?

As you can see, we work with auxiliary verb instead of verb “to be”.

It can not be combinate with other auxiliary or modal verb.

EXAMPLE:

Do you can dance?

Can you dance?
Do you dance?

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All the tense rules are included in the auxiliary, it means the main verbs need to
be in their base form.
EXAMPLE:

He has a fever → He does not have a fever.

IMPORTANT TIPS
● To have → Infinitive form .
● Have → Imperative or base form.
● Have/has → conjugating form.

Auxiliary verb “do” works with specific subjects.

Please
Remember
Personal Personal
Auxiliary Auxiliary it
pronoun pronoun
I She
You He
They Do It
Does
We

Usages

It is the question form of the request; it means, it represents the question mark.
EXAMPLE:
Sentence: You eat fish.
Question: Do you eat fish?
Do / Does → ¿
We make the negative form adding to “NOT” auxiliary verb → DO/DOES.

They are two forms in English.

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Personal Personal
AUXILIARy + NOT AUXILIARy + NOT
pronoun pronoun
I She
Do not Does not
You He
Don't Doesn't
They It
(Contracción) (Contracción)
We
EXAMPLES:
I do my homework. (positive form)
I do not do my homework. (negative form)

Auxiliar Main
y verb verb

He has English every week. (positive form)

He does not have English every week. (negative form)

Auxiliar Main
y verb verb

We use auxiliary verb “DO” to amplify the idea or for adding extra importance.
EXAMPLE:
She teaches Math very well.
She does teach Math very well.

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